272 lines
29 KiB
XML
272 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="1B09A118051FE1861C517F1F398B0E5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="305635" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f100859e-029b-47d5-8854-258ca1d5d772" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14238834" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3201699E-0180-4DB2-9C25-60EE6A783D85" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1732636035006" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Veine-Tonizzo, Léa, Tissier, Jérémy, Bukhsianidze, Maia, Vasilyan, Davit & Becker, Damien" docDate="2023" docId="03A387C3FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0572FED9" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.22.8.109-142.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (8)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cadurcodontini Wall 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FF9AFFBBFFE4FF91FFF8FFA30168FFCB" masterDocTitle="Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1732920297773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="274374688D9EA8094A6555A645AF918F">
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<mods:title id="515F252D2A43EE4B4829742D5F2127D1">Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F606AAEF9BF08A55DF59DDACD49A60F0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5488E77407040A0A6E0891369ABB4DE4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F858C8D614E9BC51A306744ACC4701A4">Veine-Tonizzo, Léa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A1547C189FE3928DC11440487B3D78C">Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, 35000 Rennes (France) and JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21, CH- 2900 Porrentruy (Switzerland) and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K 1 S 5 B 6 (Canada) and Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D., Ottawa, ON, K 1 P 6 P 4 (Canada) leaveinetonizzo @ cmail. carleton. ca (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01BC505212132587D3836E7C31750A52" type="email">leaveinetonizzo@cmail.carleton.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C962A920C25589948D56FD1C1CA72ABF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="44A62C6DA2CB755AACEAA7C8581D730B">Tissier, Jérémy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1383935FC8C1561CD3904F80A060B45">JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21, CH- 2900 Porrentruy (Switzerland) and American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 Street, US- 10024 New York (United States) jeremy. tissier 123 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E48702EB5A57E555FEA3DA3D4DC13EFA" type="email">jeremy.tissier123@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="43ADD8AE0EDD6A3CFAD2AA36DE3B0C4C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="67B6038DE0902091F653AD9A28C95934">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7AA3353FF09F6E39996F959EE6DBA543">Bukhsianidze, Maia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8462A8B16FBE0B8091ADCFB1359ABF12">Georgian National Museum, 3, Purtseladze street, Tbilisi 0105 (Georgia) maiabukh @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1EFE7980F43A4A9EA2407472E913732" type="email">maiabukh@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FC330EAD679CD8E71CE99626929C418A">Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B6337C0BB2E8D6F17F86FA6AE828235B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C409888013C35BDA4D9FF9BF52464C8C">Becker, Damien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5ACC99801091A1194964E221C7598480">JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21, CH- 2900 Porrentruy (Switzerland) and Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, CH- 1700 Fribourg (Switzerland) davit. vasilyan @ jurassica. ch damien. becker @ jurassica. ch</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50D97B3578400B30C4979D4C4A65B0ED" type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EE757790A77AF59163BB809D21D2F23F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0A46C6A2ACFDF43CCACE2CCD051F6467">
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<mods:title id="1FD6F9BD387050DEAB5C2473D23CFD5E">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B8B091D6E4FE3115299F1C294F6F8B2F">
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<mods:date id="CA4810D57A49CFFE53DA536947E2FD4B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="03E198C20D3A3A5AE7919D3AC033093C">2023-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9BB0CC6797F2786EDB275D67320240CA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F5BCDAFA62C3B975CC54EC9636FDB595">22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F9E21E56D0C072CDC843BB1C63333982" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B8FDC5E56CD9E6C11EC382E5B4951EB8">8</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="94FECD143D77272AD1AA4B8DF4B06EE6" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="12EF01A7F57522512FF9577CDD7F320C">109</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7B6BA4AB633037AB3FFB2ED19186497C">142</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B5D6E0E0DF69AED5DE674A5268D91C90">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="77F2097FB5D4E3FE18F4C59E8D76184B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AD34A333414A7B0A9E69A2DD6868D6AA" type="CLB-Dataset">305635</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4044C57B8E36A82CF304BFFCA9AC509D" type="DOI">10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51722D85F4B7F945D36DA1985218F17F" type="GBIF-Dataset">f100859e-029b-47d5-8854-258ca1d5d772</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8C7083A3C3C7627441022476C1EF581B" type="ISSN">1777-571X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95E052635C39E818EB6CC4E1999E8A72" type="Zenodo-Dep">14238834</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D665E25F3F6AE6018FD69D14140C8746" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3201699E-0180-4DB2-9C25-60EE6A783D85</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A387C3FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0572FED9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14247902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247965329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14247902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387C3FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0572FED9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387C3FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0572FED9" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Amynodontidae" scope_order="Perissodactyla" scope_superFamily="Rhinocerotoidea">
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<subSubSection id="C310655EFFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0038FE9B" box="[132,336,312,338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB536D5FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0038FE9B" blockId="16.[130,777,312,2028]" box="[132,336,312,338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0038FE9B" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1982" box="[132,336,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Cadurcodontini">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D53A009FFF4FF81FF7CFE9B0038FE9B" baselines="331,331" box="[132,336,312,338]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Cadurcodontini" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">CADURCODONTINI</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310655EFFF4FF81FF7CFEF40572FED9" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB536D5FFF4FF81FF7CFEF400F4FD9A" blockId="16.[130,777,312,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
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The tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF11FEF400FEFEBA" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1982" box="[233,406,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Cadurcodontini">Cadurcodontini</taxonomicName>
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includes
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FE0FFEF403C0FEBA" authorityName="Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" box="[503,680,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE0FFEF403C0FEBA" box="[503,680,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FD4EFEFB01B4FE5A" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD4EFEFB01B4FE5A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF1FFED400E1FE5A" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[231,393,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF1FFED400E1FE5A" box="[231,393,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FE4FFED40358FE5A" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" box="[439,560,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE4FFED40358FE5A" box="[439,560,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This clade is defined by five unambiguous synapomorphies (Bremer index = 1): the postglenoid process of squamosal is dihedron
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD6DFE1403D9FE1A" box="[661,689,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">42</emphasis>
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(2); the upper premolars labial cingulum is always present
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD6DFE7403D9FE3A" box="[661,689,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">83</emphasis>
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(0); the olecranon fossa of the humerus is low
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDF2FE54035BFDDA" box="[522,563,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">193</emphasis>
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(1); the mandibular condylar process is high
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE72FDB400DCFDFA" box="[394,436,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">287</emphasis>
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(0); the talonid of m3 is longer than the trigonid
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEBCFD940006FD9A" box="[324,366,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">288</emphasis>
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(1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536D5FFF4FF81FF63FDF50085FB84" blockId="16.[130,777,312,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF63FDF50039FDBB" authorityName="Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" box="[155,337,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF63FDF50039FDBB" box="[155,337,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is placed as a sister group of the clade formed by
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF0DFDD500F1FD5B" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[245,409,630,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF0DFDD500F1FD5B" box="[245,409,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FE5FFDD50338FD5B" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[423,592,630,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE5FFDD50338FD5B" box="[423,592,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FD79FDD50396FD5B" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" box="[641,766,630,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD79FDD50396FD5B" box="[641,766,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FEA7FD35037CFD7B" authorityName="Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" box="[351,532,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEA7FD35037CFD7B" box="[351,532,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is supported by three synapomorphies (Bremer index = 1): the zygomatic process progressively diverges from the maxilla
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDE4FD750350FD3B" box="[540,568,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">37</emphasis>
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(0); the lingual cingulum of the upper molars is usually absent
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDB6FD550310FCDB" box="[590,632,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">114</emphasis>
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(2); the third posterior loph is present on P4
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE25FCB5036FFCFB" box="[477,519,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">298</emphasis>
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(1). ZSN-KKS-28-IPB is a sister group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FEB4FC95033CFC9B" authorityName=", Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" box="[332,596,822,848]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borisovi">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEB4FC95033CFC9B" box="[332,596,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon borisovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which supports its identification (Bremer index = 1).
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDE3FCF601C2FC44" authorityName=", Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borisovi">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDE3FCF601C2FC44" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon borisovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF43FCD50076FC44" box="[187,286,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">sensu lato</emphasis>
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, = ZSN-KKS-28-IPB and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDBDFCD503DCFC44" authorityName=", Belyaeva" authorityYear="1971" box="[581,692,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borisovi">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDBDFCD503DCFC44" box="[581,692,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Z. borisovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF3AFC3600B2FC64" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[194,474,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="protheroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF3AFC3600B2FC64" box="[194,474,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon protheroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a single autapomorphy: the paracone fold of M3 is weak
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE0CFC160376FC04" box="[500,542,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">289</emphasis>
|
|
(1).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDAFFC1601B7FC24" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Zaisanamynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="protheroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDAFFC1601B7FC24" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Zaisanamynodon protheroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is defined by only one unambiguous autapomorphy: the lingual cingulum of the lower premolars is reduced
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD25FC56026FFBC4" box="[733,775,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">148</emphasis>
|
|
(0), but five other ambiguous autapomorphies might support the distinction of the two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB536D5FFF4FF81FF63FBF6039BF8E7" blockId="16.[130,777,312,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF63FBF60024FBA4" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[155,332,1109,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF63FBF60024FBA4" box="[155,332,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FE73FBF6035FFBA4" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[395,567,1109,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE73FBF6035FFBA4" box="[395,567,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
form a clade supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies (Bremer index = 1): the rostral end of the nasal bones is narrow
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD13FB36026FFB64" box="[747,775,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">24</emphasis>
|
|
(0); the mandibular ramus is inclined posteriorly
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD6CFB1703D8FB05" box="[660,688,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">60</emphasis>
|
|
(0); the labial cingulum of the lower molars is always absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD26FB770261FB25" box="[734,777,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">159</emphasis>
|
|
(3).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF4CFB570035FAC5" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[180,349,1268,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF4CFB570035FAC5" box="[180,349,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sister group to
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDDAFB5703BFFAC5" box="[546,727,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDDAFB5703BBFAC5" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[546,723,1268,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cadurcotherium</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and they share three synapomorphies (Bremer index = 2): the zygomatic process progressively diverges from the maxilla
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD13FA97026FFA85" box="[747,775,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">37</emphasis>
|
|
(0); the presence of a sagittal crest on the basilar process
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD12FAF7026EFAA5" box="[746,774,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">44</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the M3 paracone fold is weak
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE05FAD70340FA45" box="[509,552,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">289</emphasis>
|
|
(1).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDA6FAD7019BFA66" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jiyuanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDA6FAD7019BFA66" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has six autapomorphies: nasal notch is above P1-3
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF7BFA1701F9FA05" box="[131,145,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">3</emphasis>
|
|
(0); nasal bones are long
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE49FA1000A5FA06" box="[433,461,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">26</emphasis>
|
|
(0); paraoccipital process of the occipital is little developed
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE19FA700095FA26" box="[481,509,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">48</emphasis>
|
|
(1); upper molars antecrochet is usually present
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE5CFA5000A7F9C6" box="[420,463,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">110</emphasis>
|
|
(2); M1-2 metastyle is long
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF7DF9B001C7F9E6" box="[133,175,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">120</emphasis>
|
|
(1); M1-2 posterior part of the ectoloph is concave
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD23F9B0026DF9E6" box="[731,773,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">122</emphasis>
|
|
(1).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF4DF990000BF986" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[181,355,1587,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF4DF990000BF986" box="[181,355,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is supported by two synapomorphies (Bremer index = 2): the upper molars lingual cingulum is always absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEEFF9D00029F946" box="[279,321,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">114</emphasis>
|
|
(3); the lower molars hypolophid is almost sagittal
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF22F931006DF967" box="[218,261,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">161</emphasis>
|
|
(2).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FEC7F9300356F966" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[319,574,1683,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEC7F9300356F966" box="[319,574,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium cayluxi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is defined by two autapomorphies: the M1 postfossette is present
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD54F91003BFF906" box="[684,727,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">127</emphasis>
|
|
(0); the m3 talonid is equal or smaller than trigonid
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD55F97003B0F926" box="[685,728,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">288</emphasis>
|
|
(0).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF7EF95100E4F8C7" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1880" box="[134,396,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF7EF95100E4F8C7" box="[134,396,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium minum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is defined by one autapomorphy: upper premolars labial cingulum is always absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD50F8B103ACF8E7" box="[680,708,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">83</emphasis>
|
|
(3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB536D5FFF4FF81FF63F8910572FED9" blockId="16.[130,777,312,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[811,1455,216,274]" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF63F8910074F887" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" box="[155,284,1842,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF63F8910074F887" box="[155,284,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is placed as a sister group to the clade formed by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FF5CF8F10039F8A7" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1873" box="[164,337,1874,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FF5CF8F10039F8A7" box="[164,337,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FE7CF8F10344F8A7" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[388,556,1874,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Amynodontopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FE7CF8F10344F8A7" box="[388,556,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Amynodontopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D56FFF4FF81FDC3F8F103D3F8A7" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" box="[571,699,1874,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Amynodontidae" genus="Cadurcodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDC3F8F103D3F8A7" box="[571,699,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">Cadurcodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is supported by six unambiguous synapomorphies (Bremer index = 2): the ramus coronoid process is little developed
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FD43F83103BFF867" box="[699,727,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">61</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the I1 is absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FEC4F8110030F807" box="[316,344,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">71</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the i1 is absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDBEF812030AF800" box="[582,610,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">76</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the upper molars antecrochet is usually absent
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FDC9F8710335F827" box="[561,605,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">110</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the upper postcanine diastema is short
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FB99FF7B05E3FF39" box="[1121,1163,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">291</emphasis>
|
|
(1); the I3 size is distinctly smaller to I2
|
|
<emphasis id="B97EEAC7FFF4FF81FC38FF5B0283FED9" box="[960,1003,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="123">293</emphasis>
|
|
(2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |