428 lines
51 KiB
XML
428 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="9484F46ECA9D2AE9F098EE89E17C32C1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8182381" ID-ZooBank="B0F1E485-5BF1-4B71-A59E-AA2CE354355F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1690277983588" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Multzsch, Malte, Köhler, Jörn, Crottini, Angelica, Andreone, Franco, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Scherz, Mark D. & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2023" docId="039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5319.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5319 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Blommersia wittei" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="192" masterDocId="FFA6DD39FFEEFF883D1A486DF710FFB6" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Blommersia wittei complex, with description of a new species of frog from western and north-western Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="178" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1690278454748" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7440A4FB422F4D12DC982860A76B9496">Integrative revision of the Blommersia wittei complex, with description of a new species of frog from western and north-western Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5904D59724E6E245871BA39BFF412425">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBB810887D3027385FF95A80A6F12140">Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany m. vences @ tu-braunschweig. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0747 - 0817</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C9852A6016E96FD0BEC26466500DB3F">Multzsch, Malte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41F108AEF670A3A9F5B391E9220732AF">Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany m. vences @ tu-braunschweig. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0747 - 0817</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0335F6D5E26FDD0F872634125589D4E8">Köhler, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A4B3C1C737C0CDA7C64B1F03C3F925D">Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="148E73DC64DAD3AAC30F0084FAB1C055">Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F4297A1704834349A8EDDA9D6ABF32A">CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099 - 002 Porto, Portugal & BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A437BA12208BD090AB04C125D7EC7743">Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4438C481A0517769E9DF4CEB74810820">Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BD78492590A1434CDF6B550C742E347B">Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B38E3A4B97F1ED2EC8065EFD236324E">Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar & School for International Training, VN 41 A Bis Ankazolava Ambohitsoa, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar andomailaka @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2620 - 440 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D266B7AF10317EB62421E0BE1ED45C7" type="email">andomailaka@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="450CF6C17598B939230ABD8AB26C38E3">Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1E725BCD7EA660271CD80504A0F2932">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark mark. scherz @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4613 - 7761</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E6E7677C718FAF493C40644CA5BBA9B" type="email">mark.scherz@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5B4EC1E0A2E198CBB27B0D6BB9401E7A">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9038279BECF3C7999A19B27B8822BD76">Zoologische Staatssammlung M ¸ nchen (ZSM-SNSB), M ¸ nchhausenstr. 21, 81247 M ¸ nchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B42022FD451DC0ED0D9A1F5799DF3FF4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1188C5AF529C35E32FAD9216C2566491">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="888EC683FBBD5EDC3D60CB597A1069AD">2023-07-25</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
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<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE5FF833D8D4D57F533FAE2" ID-CoL="M74S" ID-ENA="160227" authority="(Guibe, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[151,547,1338,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833D8D4D57F533FAE2" bold="true" box="[151,547,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833D8D4D57F662FAE3" bold="true" box="[151,370,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Blommersia wittei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE5FF833C984D57F50BFAE2" author="Guibe, J." box="[386,539,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" pagination="1169 - 1192" refId="ref14037" refString="Guibe, J. (1974) Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 3, Zoologie (1973), 171, 1169 - 1192." type="journal article" year="1974">Guibé, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C32C47DCFFE5FF863D8D4D32F654FCA3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B891457FFE5FF833D8D4D32F60CFACF" blockId="11.[151,547,1338,1401]" box="[151,284,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
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<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE5FF833D8D4D32F611FACF" box="[151,257,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,215,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-45@7.[151,1436,201,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Specimens of Blommersia wittei in life. (A–C) Specimens UADBA-MSZC 451, ZSM 51/2018 (MSZC 404), ZSM 50/2018 (MSZC 521) from Montagne d’Ambre. (D) Specimen UADBA-FGZC 5576 from Nosy Be. (E,F) Male specimen from Montagne d’Ambre (not clearly referable to a voucher specimen) photographed in 2003." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182389/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE5FF833C144D32F60CFACF" box="[270,284,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[151,1435,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Preserved name-bearing type specimens of Blommersia wittei and Blommersia bara sp. nov. in dorsal and ventral views. Photographs of the B. wittei holotype by RECOLNAT (ANR-11-INBS-0004) / Antoine Fraysse, available from https:// science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ra/item/1953.60." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182399/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B891457FFE5FF833D8D4DCAF6BBF92F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1447,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833D8D4DCAF6AAFA77" box="[151,442,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Identity and type material</emphasis>
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. Clarifying the taxonomy of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE5FF833E364DCAF499FA76" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[812,905,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833E364DCAF499FA76" box="[812,905,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">B. wittei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex requires first ascertaining the identity of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE5FF833DAC4DA6F604FA52" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[182,276,1483,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833DAC4DA6F604FA52" box="[182,276,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">B. wittei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A271753EFFE5FF833C064DA6F6BCFA53" box="[284,428,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
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. The species was described by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE5FF833E174DA6F4B3FA53" author="Guibe, J." box="[781,931,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" pagination="1169 - 1192" refId="ref14037" refString="Guibe, J. (1974) Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 3, Zoologie (1973), 171, 1169 - 1192." type="journal article" year="1974">Guibé (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE5FF833ED04DA6F3A0FA52" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[970,1200,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833ED04DA6F3A0FA52" box="[970,1200,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Mantidactylus wittei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and type specimens are deposited in the Paris museum (acronym MNHN, in earlier times written MNHNP), with the following verbatim information in the original description: “
|
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833F7F4E7EF285F9E7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
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<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE5FF833F7F4E7EF5DCF99B" box="[613,716,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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:
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<superScript id="7C43B91FFFE5FF833FFF4E7EF5EBF997" attach="left" box="[741,763,1555,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">no</superScript>
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1953-60 MNHN Paris. Environs d’Ambanja. J. Guibé (11- 1951).
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<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE5FF833DF34E5AF64BF9E6" box="[233,347,1591,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<superScript id="7C43B91FFFE5FF833C624E5AF685F9F3" attach="left" box="[376,405,1591,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">nos</superScript>
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1953-60 A à 1953-60 L MNHN Paris. Même provenance.
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<superScript id="7C43B91FFFE5FF8339254E5AF371F9F3" attach="left" box="[1087,1121,1591,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Nos</superScript>
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A.682 à A.684: Ampijora
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833D8D4E36F68FF92F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
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station forestière à
|
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||
de Marovaoy (Ouest).
|
||
<superScript id="7C43B91FFFE5FF833FDA4E36F5F2F9DF" attach="left" box="[704,738,1627,1652]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Nos</superScript>
|
||
1973-944 à 1973-951 MNHN Paris: forêt d’Ankarafantsika. Ch. P. Blanc (11-1973).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE5FF833DDD4ECEF625F8FB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1447,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE5FF833DDD4ECEF625F8FB" country="Madagascar" location="Environs d'Ambanja'" municipality="Forest Ankarafantsika" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Due to some imprecise information in the handwritten MNHN catalogue and extensive re-labelling of several of these specimens, there has been confusion on the type series in subsequent publications and in the current digital MNHN catalogue.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE5FF833C6E4E86F513F8B3" author="Frost, D. R." box="[372,515,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" refId="ref13655" refString="Frost, D. R. (2023) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. Electronic Database. Available from: https: // amphibiansoftheworld. amnh. org / index. php (accessed 1 March 2023)" type="url" year="2023">Frost (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
correctly states that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE5FF833E3C4E86F498F8B3" box="[806,904,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is MNHNP 1953.60, by original designation, but merges two separate sites in the type locality account: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833E674F62F36FF89F" box="[893,1151,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE5FF833E9C4F62F36FF89F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE5FF833E9C4F62F36FF89F" box="[902,1151,1807,1833]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Forest Ankarafantsika" name="Environs d'Ambanja'" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Environs d’Ambanja’</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF83398E4F62F285F89F" box="[1172,1429,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BED8E2DFFE5FF83398E4F62F285F89F" box="[1172,1429,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Forest Ankarafantsika</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833D8D4F5EF639F8FB" box="[151,297,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32154C7FFE5FF833D8D4F5EF635F8FB" box="[151,293,1843,1869]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE5FF833DDD4F3AF29DF86B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1447,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">
|
||
In contrast, the digital type catalogue of the MNHN (downloaded from gbif.org in 2022) as well as the MNHN online catalogue (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ra/; accessed
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE5FF83392C4F16F3EFF823" box="[1078,1279,1915,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" value="2023-02-11">11 February 2023</date>
|
||
) state that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE5FF833D8D4FF2F7E9F80F" box="[151,249,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
originated from “
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE5FF833CDA4FF2F5D2F80F" box="[448,706,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">Vallée de la Tsiribihina</emphasis>
|
||
” and furthermore provide the following list of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE5FF8339D74FF2F22DF80F" box="[1229,1341,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: MNHN 1973.944–1973.951 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE5FF833C9D4FAEF503F86B" box="[391,531,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) from Ankarafantsika, and 1993.682–1993.684 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE5FF83392C4FAEF3D1F86B" box="[1078,1217,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="189" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) from Ampijoroa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4944DFFFE2FF843D8D4EE3F412F958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8182399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182399/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" startId="12.[151,250,1678,1702]" targetBox="[152,1434,181,1653]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE2FF843D8D4EE3F412F958" blockId="12.[151,1436,1678,1774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843D8D4EE3F603F910" bold="true" box="[151,275,1678,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved name-bearing type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE2FF843FC94EE3F49CF910" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[723,908,1678,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843FC94EE3F49CF910" box="[723,908,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">Blommersia wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE2FF843EA44EE3F37FF910" authority="Vences & Multzsch & Köhler & Crottini & Andreone & Rakotoarison & Scherz & Glaw, 2023" authorityName="Vences & Multzsch & Köhler & Crottini & Andreone & Rakotoarison & Scherz & Glaw" authorityYear="2023" box="[958,1135,1678,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bara" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843EA44EE3F37FF910" box="[958,1135,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">Blommersia bara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF84396F4EE3F3D5F910" bold="true" box="[1141,1221,1678,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A271753EFFE2FF84396F4EE3F3D5F910" box="[1141,1221,1678,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in dorsal and ventral views. Photographs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE2FF843CB24EDEF6EDF97C" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[424,509,1715,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843CB24EDEF6EDF97C" box="[424,509,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">B. wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype by RECOLNAT (ANR-11-INBS-0004) / Antoine Fraysse, available from https:// science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ra/item/1953.60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE2FF843DDD4F2CF646F870" blockId="12.[151,1437,1856,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE2FF843DDD4F2CF6B3F8EC" author="Vences, M. & Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F." box="[199,419,1856,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" pagination="133 - 156" refId="ref15591" refString="Vences, M., K ˆ hler, J., Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F. (2010) Two syntopic and microendemic new frogs of the genus Blommersia from the east coast of Madagascar. African Journal of Herpetology, 59, 133 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21564574.2010.512961" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843C064F2CF643F8EC" box="[284,339,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided measurements of part of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE2FF843EFB4F2CF32DF8EC" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[993,1085,1857,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Blommersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE2FF843EFB4F2CF32DF8EC" box="[993,1085,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">B. wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, purportedly all from Ambanja: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE2FF843DA54F09F631F8C8" box="[191,289,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNHN 1953.60, and the following
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE2FF843FA84F08F432F8C9" box="[690,802,1893,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: MNHN 1991.2529–1991.2533 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE2FF84398A4F09F20CF8C8" box="[1168,1308,1892,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; previously labelled MNHN 1953.60 A to E) and MNHN 1991.2536–1991.2539 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE2FF843ED94FE5F345F814" box="[963,1109,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="190" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, previously labelled MNHN 1953.60 H to K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD48FAF431FF63" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
After inspecting the original (handwritten) MNHN catalogues (partly available from https://science.mnhn.fr/ catalogues; accessed
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE3FF853C9F48D6F55DFF63" box="[389,589,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" value="2023-02-11">11 February 2023</date>
|
||
) we conclude that:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD48B3F3D7FED5" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
(1) The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF853C3A48B3F692FF4E" box="[288,386,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE3FF853CBD48B3F40DFF4E" authority="Guibe, 1974" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[423,797,222,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853CBD48B3F59CFF4E" box="[423,652,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Mantidactylus wittei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE3FF853F8948B3F40DFF4E" author="Guibe, J." box="[659,797,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" pagination="1169 - 1192" refId="ref14037" refString="Guibe, J. (1974) Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 3, Zoologie (1973), 171, 1169 - 1192." type="journal article" year="1974">Guibé, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE3FF853E3648B3F47EFF4E" box="[812,878,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[151,1435,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Preserved name-bearing type specimens of Blommersia wittei and Blommersia bara sp. nov. in dorsal and ventral views. Photographs of the B. wittei holotype by RECOLNAT (ANR-11-INBS-0004) / Antoine Fraysse, available from https:// science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ra/item/1953.60." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182399/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) unambiguously is the specimen MNHN 1953.60 for which morphometric measurements were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE3FF853E2F496EF30EFEAA" author="Vences, M. & Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F." box="[821,1054,258,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" pagination="133 - 156" refId="ref15591" refString="Vences, M., K ˆ hler, J., Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F. (2010) Two syntopic and microendemic new frogs of the genus Blommersia from the east coast of Madagascar. African Journal of Herpetology, 59, 133 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21564574.2010.512961" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853E94496EF4DAFEAA" box="[910,970,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and whose locality, according to the original description and original catalogue entry is “
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853E0B494AF31AFEF6" box="[785,1034,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Environs d’Ambanja”</emphasis>
|
||
, with the addition in the catalogue:
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853D8D4927F629FED2" box="[151,313,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">“Cacaoyéres”</emphasis>
|
||
(= cacao trees, thus indicating the specimen was collected in a cacao plantation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4900F4DCFE1D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
(2)
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE3FF853DF44903F4D9FE1D" country="Madagascar" location="Environs d'Ambanja'" municipality="Forest Ankarafantsika" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="11" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
A series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF853C754900F6ECFE3E" box="[367,508,365,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">11 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(originally labelled MNHN 1953.60 A to 1953 K, currently re-labelled as MNHN 1991.2529–1991.2539) originates from the same locality as the holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD49D8F3B2FE79" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" box="[199,1186,437,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
(3) A series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF853C7649D8F6FCFE79" box="[364,492,437,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">8 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN 1973.944–1973.951) originate from Ankarafantsika,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD49B4F214FDA0" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
(4)
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE3FF853DF749B4F3EFFDA0" country="Madagascar" county="Ankarafantsika forest" location="Ampijoroa" municipality="National Parks" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
A series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF853C7349B4F6F9FE45" box="[361,489,473,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN 1993.682–1993.684) originate from
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE3FF853EF349B5F375FE44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE3FF853EF349B5F375FE44" box="[1001,1125,472,498]" country="Madagascar" county="Ankarafantsika forest" municipality="National Parks" name="Ampijoroa" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ampijoroa</location>
|
||
, which represents a forestry station (currently local headquarters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32154C7FFE3FF853F4A4991F5C7FDA0" box="[592,727,508,534]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BED8E2DFFE3FF853FC44991F496FDA0" box="[734,902,508,534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">National Parks</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
) within the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E86CDBFFE3FF8539104991F3EFFDA0" box="[1034,1279,508,534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ankarafantsika forest</collectingCounty>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4A4DF3FDFD7F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE3FF853DDD4A4DF24BFD8C" box="[199,1371,544,571]" location="As" municipality="Taxonomic" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE3FF853DDD4A4DF7F6FD8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE3FF853DDD4A4DF7F6FD8C" box="[199,230,544,570]" municipality="Taxonomic" name="As" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">As</location>
|
||
explained in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BED8E2DFFE3FF853CA24A4DF526FD8C" box="[440,566,544,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Taxonomic</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
conclusion account above, based on the provenance of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF8539E34A4DF24BFD8C" box="[1273,1371,544,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE3FF85387C4A4DF318FD34" country="Madagascar" county="The" location="Ambanja" municipality="Ambanja" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE3FF853D8D4A29F611FDE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE3FF853D8D4A29F611FDE8" box="[151,257,580,606]" country="Madagascar" county="The" municipality="Ambanja" name="Ambanja" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ambanja</location>
|
||
, we continue assigning the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE3FF853F8E4A29F5E5FDEB" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[660,757,580,605]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853F8E4A29F5E5FDEB" box="[660,757,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">B. wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genetic lineage occurring across much of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32154C7FFE3FF853D8D4A0AF60EFD37" box="[151,286,615,641]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and collected by us at
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BED8E2DFFE3FF853F024A0AF56FFD37" box="[536,639,615,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ambanja</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and nearby localities.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E86CDBFFE3FF853E6D4A0AF4B3FD37" box="[887,931,615,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF853EB24A05F318FD34" box="[936,1032,616,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE3FF8539154A0AF3F9FD7F" country="Madagascar" county="Only" location="Ankarafantsika" municipality="Ca" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="11" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
series is however mixed: specimens from
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE3FF853DC94AE6F66EFD13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE3FF853DC94AE6F66EFD13" box="[211,382,651,677]" country="Madagascar" county="Only" municipality="Ca" name="Ankarafantsika" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ankarafantsika</location>
|
||
(MNHN 1973.944–1973.951) and
|
||
<location id="8EE9428CFFE3FF853E1D4AE6F490FD13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FA541FFE5FF863D8D4D57F654FCA3:8EE9428CFFE3FF853E1D4AE6F490FD13" box="[775,896,651,677]" country="Madagascar" county="Only" municipality="Ca" name="Ampijoroa" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ampijoroa</location>
|
||
(MNHN 1993.682–1993.684) are here assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853DAE4ADDF7DCFD7F" box="[180,204,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">B.</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BED8E2DFFE3FF853DE04AC2F60DFD7C" box="[250,285,687,714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Ca</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
5.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E86CDBFFE3FF853C2F4AC2F67DFD7F" box="[309,365,687,713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Only</collectingCounty>
|
||
the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF853C874AC2F53AFD7F" box="[413,554,687,713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">11 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
from the type locality are likely conspecific with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF8539994AC2F3F9FD7F" box="[1155,1257,687,713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4ABEF61CFBBC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853DDD4ABEF641FD5B" box="[199,337,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF853F464ABEF59CFD5B" box="[604,652,723,749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE3FF853E1A4ABEF470FD5A" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[768,864,723,748]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853E1A4ABEF470FD5A" box="[768,864,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">B. wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE3FF8539984ABEF27AFD5B" author="Vences, M. & Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F." box="[1154,1386,723,749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" pagination="133 - 156" refId="ref15591" refString="Vences, M., K ˆ hler, J., Pabijan, M. & Glaw, F. (2010) Two syntopic and microendemic new frogs of the genus Blommersia from the east coast of Madagascar. African Journal of Herpetology, 59, 133 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21564574.2010.512961" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF8539C14ABEF206FD5B" box="[1243,1302,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and measurements of additional specimens by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA769A6FFE3FF853F6A4A9BF446FCA6" author="Pabijan, M. & Gehring, P. - S. & Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[624,854,758,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" pagination="34 - 50" refId="ref14545" refString="Pabijan, M., Gehring, P. - S., K ˆ hler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2011) A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar. Zootaxa, 2978 (1), 34 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2978.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Pabijan
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853FD14A9AF413FCA6" box="[715,771,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Measurements of further specimens are included in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B421ECFFE3FF853D8D4B77F7F9FC82" box="[151,233,794,820]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,470,496]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) and femoral gland conditions of adults of the Blommersia wittei species complex targeted in this study. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods; other abbreviations: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; F, female; M, male; FG, femoral gland. NA, not applicable; NM, not measured." pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
herein.A full set of measurements including those from the previous publications is given as Supplementary Table 2 (available from the Zenodo repository under DOI 10.5281/zenodo.8049142). Based on these data, male SVL is 21.0–27.0 mm and female SVL is 20.7–25.0 mm. In the specimens examined for the present study (listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B421ECFFE3FF853D8D4BE8F7F9FC29" box="[151,233,901,927]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,470,496]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) and femoral gland conditions of adults of the Blommersia wittei species complex targeted in this study. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods; other abbreviations: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; F, female; M, male; FG, femoral gland. NA, not applicable; NM, not measured." pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), vomerine teeth are usually recognizable (clearly visible in specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF85396B4BEBF3B1FC16" box="[1137,1185,902,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Ambanja) but weakly expressed in several specimens from Montagne d’Ambre. In ZSM 563/2000 from Sambava, vomerine teeth are weakly recognizable, and this specimen apparently has more developed webbing than many other individuals examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4C79F3CDFAC6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE3FF853DDD4C79F64CFB98" box="[199,348,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Vocalizations</emphasis>
|
||
.Advertisement calls recorded in
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE3FF853FDC4C79F477FB98" box="[710,871,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" value="1991-02">February 1991</date>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548DAAF5FFE3FF853EB34C78F4C9FB99" box="[937,985,1045,1071]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Ambanja (recording temperature not taken) consist of a single short pulsed note repeated in call series at regular intervals and very fast succession (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE3FF853D854C31F7F4FBC0" box="[159,228,1115,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1200,1224]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-44@9.[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5.Audiospectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls of Blommersia wittei from three different localities (each showing several calls of a call series)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182393/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Recording quality is poor and the detailed call structure is probably partly masked by background noises. However, each call (= note) seems to contain two pulse groups which are separated from each other, with the first pulse group being of lower amplitude. Pulse structure in not very obvious in the recording and most pulses appear basally fused. Maximum call energy is distributed towards the middle of the call’s duration. Numerical parameters of 16 analyzed calls of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF853C814C86F510FAB3" box="[411,512,1259,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 62–77 ms (66.8 ± 5.3 ms); inter-call intervals within regular call series 15–31 ms (18.6 ± 5.6 ms); pulses/note 9–18 (13.8 ± 3.3); duration of regular call series 1275 ms (n = 1); call rate within call series approximately 740 calls/minute; dominant frequency 4694–4886 Hz (4797 ± 82 Hz); second frequency peak around 2500 Hz; prevalent bandwidth 1800–6000 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4D14F4B7F904" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Advertisement calls recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE3FF853F5E4D17F412FA22" box="[580,770,1401,1428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" value="1992-02-07">7 February 1992</date>
|
||
from north of Andoany, Nosy Be (air temperature 25°C), consist of a single short pulsed note repeated in short call series at regular intervals and very fast succession (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE3FF8538514DF0F29EFA0E" box="[1355,1422,1437,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1200,1224]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-44@9.[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5.Audiospectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls of Blommersia wittei from three different localities (each showing several calls of a call series)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182393/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each call (= note) exhibits two pulse groups which are clearly separated from each other, with the first pulse group being of lower amplitude. Pulses are partly fused, but countable. Maximum call energy is distributed in the middle of the call, namely the beginning of the second pulse group. Numerical parameters of 10 analyzed calls of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE3FF85382D4E64F28CF994" box="[1335,1436,1544,1571]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 65–83 ms (74.8 ± 6.3 ms); inter-call intervals within regular call series 16–32 ms (21.5 ± 5.6 ms); pulses/note 14–19 (16.3 ± 1.9); duration of regular call series 490 and 500 ms (n = 2); call rate within call series approximately 640 calls/minute; dominant frequency 4823–5240 Hz (5033 ± 163 Hz); second frequency peak around 2500 Hz; prevalent bandwidth 2000–8200 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE3FF853DDD4ED6F579F842" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Advertisement calls recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE3FF853F5B4ED6F5E0F963" box="[577,752,1723,1750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="191" value="1994-03-15">15 March 1994</date>
|
||
on Montagne d’Ambre (air temperature 22°C), consist of a single short, distinctly pulsed note repeated in call series at regular intervals and very fast succession (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE3FF8538114EB2F25FF94C" box="[1291,1359,1759,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1200,1224]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-44@9.[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5.Audiospectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls of Blommersia wittei from three different localities (each showing several calls of a call series)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182393/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each call (= note) exhibits two pulse groups which are clearly separated from each other, with the first pulse group being of lower amplitude. Pulses are barely fused and rather distinctly separated. Maximum call energy is distributed in the middle of the call, namely the beginning of the second pulse group. Numerical parameters of 19 analyzed calls of one individual are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 59–73 ms (65.4 ± 4.2 ms); inter-call intervals within regular call series 22–39 ms (29.6 ± 7.1 ms); pulses/note 7–11 (8.9 ± 1.3); duration of regular call series 1821 ms (n = 1); call rate within call series approximately 600 calls/minute; dominant frequency 4489–4597 Hz (4542 ± 41 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 1800–7500 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE0FF863DDD48FAF642FE67" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E1E0AFFE0FF863DDD48FAF65EFE67" collectingDate="2017-12-25" collectionCode="MSZC" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MSZC 521" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
Advertisement calls recorded from specimen ZSM 50/2018 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB90BC2CFFE0FF863E6E48FAF4E5FF07" box="[884,1013,150,177]" collectionCode="MSZC" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">MSZC 521</specimenCode>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE0FF86393348FBF3EFFF07" box="[1065,1279,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" value="2017-12-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCCB7FFFE0FF86393348FBF3EFFF07" box="[1065,1279,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" value="2017-12-25">25 December 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
on Montagne d’Ambre (air temperature ca 19°C), consist of a single short, distinctly pulsed note repeated in call series at regular intervals and very fast succession (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE0FF863F3F48B2F57BFF4F" box="[549,619,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1200,1224]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-44@9.[151,1435,181,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5.Audiospectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls of Blommersia wittei from three different localities (each showing several calls of a call series)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182393/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each call (= note) exhibits clearly separated pulses. Intervals between pulses are somewhat irregular, in some calls resulting in two pulse groups separated by a larger interval. Maximum call energy is evident in the middle of the call. Numerical parameters of 16 analyzed calls of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE0FF863988494AF3E6FEF7" box="[1170,1270,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 68–88 ms (78.2 ± 5.7 ms); inter-call intervals within regular call series 28–50 ms (41.4 ± 4.2 ms); pulses/note 7–11 (9.0 ± 1.3); duration of regular call series 1590 ms (n = 1); call rate within call series approximately 500 calls/minute; dominant frequency 5066–5232 Hz (5137 ± 80 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 2000–10000 Hz
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B891457FFE0FF863DDD49B6F654FCA3" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Advertisement calls recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF883297FFE0FF863F2E49B6F5CCFE43" box="[564,732,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" value="2000-03-20">
|
||
20 March
|
||
<quantity id="4CCEB9B2FFE0FF863FBE49B6F5CCFE43" box="[676,732,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" unit="in" value="2000.0">2000</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Sambava (air temperature 24.7°C), here tentatively allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C366FD4FFE0FF863DAF4992F603FDAE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[181,275,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942C845FFE0FF863DAF4992F603FDAE" box="[181,275,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">B. wittei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consist of a single, short, pulsed note repeated in call series at regular intervals within series. Calls (= notes) exhibit a pulsed structure, but most pulses are largely fused, resulting in an irregular pulse pattern and varying number of countable pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D08D2FFE0FF863CFE4A2AF53AFDD7" box="[484,554,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,705,729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,681]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,681]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Audiospectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls of Blommersia populations of taxonomically uncertain status (each showing several calls of a call series). The recording from Antsirasira may refer to B. sp. Ca12, but the recorded specimen has not been collected or genotyped. The call from Sambava is from a specimen of B. wittei that belongs to a weakly divergent mitochondrial phylogroup and may also differ in some morphological features, but is here assigned to B. wittei preliminarily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182397/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="192">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maximum call energy is distributed among the first two thirds of the call’s duration. Numerical parameters of 22 analyzed calls of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30DFDEFFE0FF863E1E4A06F47AFD33" box="[772,874,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="192" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 27– 59 ms (39.4 ± 11.8 ms); inter-call intervals within regular call series 54–76 ms (67.9 ± 7.7 ms); pulses/note 2–6 (4.1 ± 1.0); duration of regular call series 2209 ms (n = 1); call rate within call series approximately 600 calls/minute; dominant frequency 5316–5598 Hz (5440 ± 145 Hz); second frequency peak around 2600 Hz; prevalent bandwidth 2100–8600 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |