treatments-xml/data/03/97/AD/0397AD19FF9FFFB6C6CDFA1A43A66C4E.xml

<document id="2176EC6A0BDFC5B3869FADD4A2424C1F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179122" ID-GBIF-Dataset="316ed56f-f327-4129-a3de-c19c2d6cc37b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179122" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459938721091" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kondo, Takumasa &amp; Gullan, Penny J." docDate="2007" docId="0397AD19FF9FFFB6C6CDFA1A43A66C4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01617p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1617" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paratachardina mahdihassani Kondo &amp; Gullan, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFAED561FF95FFBBC65AFFAF412D692C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the lac insect genus Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), with a revised key to genera of Kerriidae and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698230318835" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="07EA9A528722F5E621876325D2370F86">Taxonomic review of the lac insect genus Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), with a revised key to genera of Kerriidae and description of two new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BF21DE7E71BA50D0D7151190571DBD90">Kondo, Takumasa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9B1F17314DD5AFB69E48BCA8EDD26783">Gullan, Penny J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="175242F6D35019B75D7CFEAD65B47F7F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="209F339F2D293E8183FEF1FD4C055FB7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="180631E120CF96A92DA735DAA3A75180">
<mods:date id="6642CE7FD8C25F73917454FCA25B4098">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8C3A11CC00ABAF2F55067975810175D3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="05C99E6529F16685C7BE491816887B45">1617</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F24B649C359788EC4375A9B6B09CD082">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="863985FB28BD638F33F53DFE9C7F31F2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179122</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="826B9AECFB3142FF3671D557D57326DB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54764DE9845E920F382D92F3783ADE86" type="Zenodo-Dep">179122</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0397AD19FF9FFFB6C6CDFA1A43A66C4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247475" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119375694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247475" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:973F8426-A3A3-464A-95E1-7DF1A82E886E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397AD19FF9FFFB6C6CDFA1A43A66C4E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A40606CDE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A42666CE3" blockId="10.[151,843,1461,1522]" box="[151,843,1461,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C9AB63FF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A42666CE3" bold="true" box="[151,843,1461,1487]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A42666CE3" bold="true" box="[151,843,1461,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A43CC6CE3" authority="Kondo &amp; Gullan" authorityName="Kondo &amp; Gullan" box="[151,737,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C6CDFA1A43286CE3" bold="true" box="[151,517,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paratachardina mahdihassani</emphasis>
Kondo &amp; Gullan
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2797D66FF9FFFB1C4B7FA1A42666CE3" box="[749,843,1461,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9FFFB1C6CDFA7740606CDE" blockId="10.[151,843,1461,1522]" box="[151,333,1496,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF9FFFB1C6C5FA7741C86CDE" box="[159,229,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1</figureCitation>
P, 2E, 4)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF9FFFB7C6CDF98D42736D66" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9FFFB1C6CDF98D43C06E50" blockId="10.[151,1436,1570,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C6CDF98D431E6F10" bold="true" box="[151,563,1570,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C6CDF98D41F96F10" box="[151,212,1570,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
material studied. 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C7E0F98D43036F10" box="[442,558,1570,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult female. 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C4BCF98D42F26F10" bold="true" box="[742,991,1570,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF9FFFB1C4BCF98D426C6F10" box="[742,833,1570,1596]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka,
</emphasis>
Bangalore, Jarakabande State Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C6CDF9E541D76F48" box="[151,250,1610,1636]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="13.05">13°03'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C75CF9E5404B6F48" box="[262,358,1610,1636]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="77.55">77°33'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C728F9E540EB6F48" box="[370,454,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.555736" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="2807.0">2807 ft</quantity>
[ca. 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C7A5F9E543606F48" box="[511,589,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.559999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="856.0">856 m</quantity>
], coll. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C4C6F9E543DA6F48" box="[668,759,1610,1636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-06">vi.2006</date>
, S. Schroer &amp; R.W. Pemberton, 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C228F9E545A16F48" box="[1138,1164,1610,1636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I6</date>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C2E1F9E444B86F48" box="[1211,1429,1611,1636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C2E1F9E444B86F48" box="[1211,1429,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1(1) (BME); dimensions for 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C7B1F9DD437F6FA0" box="[491,594,1650,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as follows: 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C4B8F9DD42106FA0" box="[738,829,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C5D3F9DD42C96FA0" box="[905,996,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
wide anteriorly, and ca. 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C35AF9DD44766FA0" box="[1280,1371,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
wide posteriorly. 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C77FF93540876F98" bold="true" box="[293,426,1690,1716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C77FF93540886F98" box="[293,421,1690,1716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Same label data as 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C4C4F93542256F98" box="[670,776,1690,1716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 3(3) (BME), 2(2) (
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF9FFFB1C5ADF935457F6F98" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1015,1106,1690,1716]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
); also 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C2F8F93544B16F98" bold="true" box="[1186,1436,1690,1716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF9FFFB1C2F8F93545D06F98" box="[1186,1277,1690,1716]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka,
</emphasis>
Bangalore, Jarakabande State Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C407F96D43EC6FF0" box="[605,705,1730,1756]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="13.05">13°03'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C48AF96D421D6FF0" box="[720,816,1730,1756]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="77.55">77°33'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C51AF96D42BA6FF0" box="[832,919,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.555736" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="2807.0">2807 ft</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C5F3F96D42D36FF0" box="[937,1022,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.559999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="856.0">856 m</quantity>
], coll. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C20EF96D458A6FF0" box="[1108,1191,1730,1756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2005-10">x.2005</date>
, S. Schroer &amp; R.W. Pemberton, 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C77EF94540126E28" box="[292,319,1770,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I2</date>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C737F944436A6E28" box="[365,583,1771,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C737F944436A6E28" box="[365,583,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4(4) (BME); Bangalore, Bannerghatta National Park, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C292F94544066E28" box="[1224,1323,1770,1796]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="12.8">12°48'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C36DF94544BA6E28" box="[1335,1431,1770,1796]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="77.583336">77°35'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C6CDF8BD41C66E00" box="[151,235,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.31164" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="3055.0">3055 ft</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C6A3F8BD40676E00" box="[249,330,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.309999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="931.0">931 m</quantity>
], coll. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C7C2F8BD40D96E00" box="[408,500,1810,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-06">vi.2006</date>
, S. Schroer &amp; R.W. Pemberton, K6, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C59FF8BC45B36E00" box="[965,1182,1811,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C59FF8BC45B36E00" box="[965,1182,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1(1) (BME); Bangalore, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C689F89540616E78" box="[211,332,1850,1876]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="92" value="12.928333">12°55.7'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF9FFFB1C702F89540E26E78" box="[344,463,1850,1876]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="92" value="77.35833">77°21.5'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C780F89543036E78" box="[474,558,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.394192" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="2754.0">2754 ft</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9FFFB1C466F89543A06E78" box="[572,653,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="840.0">840 m</quantity>
], coll. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C486F895424D6E78" box="[732,864,1850,1876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-05" valueMin="2006-05-01">1–5.v.2006</date>
, S. Schroer &amp; R.W. Pemberton, H, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C37EF89441DC6E50" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C37EF89441DC6E50" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to 
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF9FFFB1C747F8CD40406E50" box="[285,365,1890,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USDA</collectionCode>
quarantine Florida, 5(8) (BME).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9FFFB1C69DF82540126ED8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1570,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C69DF82545786E88" bold="true" box="[199,1109,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Other material studied (excluded from 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF9FFFB1C4E6F82543DF6E88" box="[700,754,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
series). 
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF9FFFB1C501F825429B6E88" box="[859,950,1930,1956]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka,
</emphasis>
Bangalore, Gottipura, coll. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C6CDF81D400A6EE0" box="[151,295,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2005-08-19">19.viii.2005</date>
, R.W. Pemberton, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C47FF81C43D26EE0" box="[549,767,1971,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C47FF81C43D26EE0" box="[549,767,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9FFFB1C57FF81C42DF6EE0" box="[805,1010,1971,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9FFFB1C57FF81C42DF6EE0" box="[805,1010,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PI, No. 
<date id="FF803ACFFF9FFFB1C208F81D45836EE0" box="[1106,1198,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="98-05-13">130598</date>
, X775078/0511018, 5(6) (
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF9FFFB1C68DF875401F6ED8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[215,306,2010,2036]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9EFFB0C69CFF37404D699E" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,378]" box="[198,352,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adult female</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9EFFB7C69CFF104506682E" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,378]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9EFFB0C69CFF1040E369F5" bold="true" box="[198,462,191,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unmounted material</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF9EFFB0C785FF6F430569F6" box="[479,552,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,535,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,514,1651]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tests of Paratachardina spp. A, P. decorella, adult female, from W. M. Maskell's dry material; B, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female, ex mango, type material; C, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female after removal of test (al, anterior lobe; pl, posterior lobe; for other abbreviations see Glossary); D, P. silvestri, adult female, ex sandalwood tree, type material; E, P. mahdihassani sp. nov., adult female, type material; F, P. minuta, three adult females with three first-instar nymphs near their bases, type material; G, P. t e r n a t a, adult female, type material; H, P. thea e, two semifused adult females and two male pupae below, type material; I, P. t h e a e, adult females from China (note smoother texture of each ridge of test) (Photos: A, Rosa Henderson, B – I, T. Kondo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179124/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Lac test purplish red to dark brown. Test with 4 lobes, anterior pair of lobes each with 0–3 ridges, posterior pair of lobes each with 3 ridges, anterior pair of lobes much narrower than posterior pair (
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF9EFFB0C725FEBF40EB6806" box="[383,454,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,535,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,514,1651]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tests of Paratachardina spp. A, P. decorella, adult female, from W. M. Maskell's dry material; B, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female, ex mango, type material; C, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female after removal of test (al, anterior lobe; pl, posterior lobe; for other abbreviations see Glossary); D, P. silvestri, adult female, ex sandalwood tree, type material; E, P. mahdihassani sp. nov., adult female, type material; F, P. minuta, three adult females with three first-instar nymphs near their bases, type material; G, P. t e r n a t a, adult female, type material; H, P. thea e, two semifused adult females and two male pupae below, type material; I, P. t h e a e, adult females from China (note smoother texture of each ridge of test) (Photos: A, Rosa Henderson, B – I, T. Kondo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179124/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E); first-instar test incorporated into test on mid-dorsum, with a circular opening on an elevated area just posterior to first-instar test. Dimensions of adult female test: 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9EFFB0C2C4FE9745DA687E" box="[1182,1271,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9EFFB0C31EFE9741E86856" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
wide at anterior lobes, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9EFFB0C782FECF434B6856" box="[472,614,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
wide at posterior lobes, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF9EFFB0C5DCFECF45396856" box="[902,1044,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
high. Lac texture very hard, brit- 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF99FFB7C69DFF384087699D" bold="true" box="[199,426,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mounted material</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF99FFB7C7E0FF37432F699E" box="[442,514,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,2007,2031]" captionTargetBox="[151,1388,390,1975]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,386,2049]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratachardina mahdihassani sp. nov., adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179126/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Body outline 4-lobed with anterior lobes less distinctly demarcated than posterior lobes, inverted-T shaped, anterior margin narrower than posterior margin. Body 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF99FFB7C2CAFF6F443369F6" box="[1168,1310,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF99FFB7C333FF6F41DC682E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4– 0.8 mm</quantity>
wide anteriorly, 
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF99FFB7C7EDFF474369682E" box="[439,580,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.5 mm</quantity>
wide posteriorly at widest point (n = 15).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF414C87FF9EFFB0C6CDF87842746EC2" box="[151,857,2007,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179126/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1388,390,1975]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF9EFFB0C6CDF87842746EC2" blockId="11.[151,857,2007,2031]" box="[151,857,2007,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9EFFB0C6CDF87840346EC3" bold="true" box="[151,281,2007,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF9EFFB0C77AF87843496EC2" box="[288,612,2007,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9EFFB0C77AF87843496EC2" box="[288,612,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paratachardina mahdihassani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2797D66FF9EFFB0C431F87843ED6EC3" box="[619,704,2007,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF9EFFB0C431F87843ED6EC3" bold="true" box="[619,704,2007,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, adult female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF99FFB7C69DFEA042736D66" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF99FFB7C69DFEA0401E6805" bold="true" box="[199,307,271,297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dorsum.</emphasis>
Brachia short, 12–40 µm long, membranous, becoming slightly sclerotized at maturity. Brachial plates subcircular, oblong, or subquadrate, each 92–118 µm long, 62–78 µm wide; brachial crater absent, with a group of 17–32 (28–40 on specimens from Gottipura) pseudospines on narrowing side of plate, each pseudospine 7.5–9.0 µm long, with 1 seta on each side of group of pseudospines, each seta 6–8 µm long, setae often absent on one side. Brachial pores each ca. 4–5 µm wide, with 4 or 5 (mostly 5) loculi, totalling 1–6 pores per plate, usually present on area just anterior to pseudospines, often 1–3 pores found within pseudospine group around its margin. Anterior spiracles each 70–95 µm long, peritremes 30–35 µm wide, surrounded by a sclerotized area 105–145 µm long, 60–78 µm wide, bearing 3–9 spiracular pores; canellae represented by a group of 16–29 pores immediately outside and anterolateral to spiracular sclerotization; spiracular and canellar pores each 4.5–6.0 µm wide with 4 or 5 (mostly 5) loculi. Dorsal spine well developed, 90–105 µm long, 75–100 µm at base, with a slit-like opening at apex; membranous pedicel either very short or absent, only slightly wider than base of dorsal spine. Anal tubercle well developed, tapering, highly sclerotized; pre-anal plate 53–75 µm long, 158–210 µm wide, slightly less sclerotized than supra-anal plate, each with a fibrous texture, supra-anal plate 93–125 µm long, 113–138 µm wide, with a granulose texture on mid areas. Pygidial apodemes slightly to moderately developed, extending from base of each anal tubercle towards body apex. Anal fringe entire, composed of 4 plates, each anal fringe plate 35–55 µm long, 18–22 µm wide, middle plates shorter than lateral plates. Anal ring entire, 36–50 µm wide, tips of setae surpassing anal fringe. Microducts scarce, present marginally and submarginally, with 8–14 ducts present on each antero-anal lobe; diameter of duct rim ca. 3–4 µm. Spermatoid ducts hard to detect, 1 or 2 associated with each microduct. Dorsal setae each 7–9 µm long marginally and submarginally, with longer setae, each 11–22 µm long, in line running from laterad of anal tubercle to body apex on each side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF99FFB6C69DFBF842F26806" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF99FFB6C69DFBF842F26806" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,1378]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF99FFB7C69DFBF840306D5D" bold="true" box="[199,285,1111,1137]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venter.</emphasis>
Antennae 100–125 µm long, 2 segmented, segmentation poorly defined, with a sclerotized area near base, with 2 longer setae and 2 or 3 shorter setae on sclerotized area at apex of terminal segment. Clypeolabral shield 138–163 µm long, 103–128 µm wide. Labium apparently 1 segmented, 45–68 µm long, 53–70 µm wide. Pre-oral lobes elongate, present along margins of clypeolabral shield on each side. Post-oral lobes each 53–75 µm wide, dome shaped, with microtrichia. Legs completely absent or vestigial, represented by a small claw or a small membranous one segmented leg with a rudimentary claw (not illustrated). Posterior spiracles much smaller than anterior spiracles, each 45–53 µm long, spiracular peritreme 20–23 µm wide; with 7–13 (13–18 on specimens from Gottipura) spiracular pores present around each spiracle, each 4.0–5.0 µm wide. Marginal duct clusters distinct, oval to elongate oval, 8 pairs in total; each composed of 2 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF99FFB7C361FA3744546C9E" box="[1339,1401,1432,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
of microducts: (i) medium-sized microducts with elongate oval rim, each 3.5–4.0 µm wide, most abundant 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF99FFB7C333FA6F44B66CF6" box="[1385,1435,1472,1498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
in each marginal duct cluster, and (ii) large-sized microducts with subcircular rim, each 5.0–5.5 µm wide, present on outer rim of cluster closest to body margin and on inner side of each cluster. Formula for marginal duct clusters as follows: mdc-i: 48–66/8–16/16–22; mdc-ii: 14– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C5CBF99742806F7E" box="[913,941,1592,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1919-03-05" valueMax="1919-08-08" valueMin="1919-03-05">19</date>
/3–8/5–8; mdc-iii: 8– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C2F0F99745EB6F7E" box="[1194,1222,1592,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1917-03-02" valueMax="1917-07-05" valueMin="1917-03-02">17</date>
/3–7/2–5; mdc-iv: 10– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C699F9CF41F26F56" box="[195,223,1632,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1914-03-02" valueMax="1914-04-04" valueMin="1914-03-02">14</date>
/3–4/2–4; mdc-v: 37– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C7BBF9CF432D6F56" box="[481,512,1632,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1944-08-12" valueMax="1944-10-14" valueMin="1944-08-12">44</date>
/8–10/12–14; mdc-vi: 35– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C569F9CF427E6F56" box="[819,851,1632,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1944-08-11" valueMax="1944-09-15" valueMin="1944-08-11">44</date>
/8–9/11–15; mdc-vii: 31– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C220F9CF45B46F56" box="[1146,1177,1632,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1942-06-12" valueMax="1942-09-16" valueMin="1942-06-12">42</date>
/6–9/12–16, and mdcviii: 16– 
<date id="FF803ACFFF99FFB7C6A0F92740346F8E" box="[250,281,1672,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1940-04-05" valueMax="1940-10-14" valueMin="1940-04-05">40</date>
/4–10/5–14. Ventral duct clusters subcircular or irregular in shape, all composed of medium-sized microducts, 6 or 7 pairs in total; pair just anterior to mouthparts (vdc-1) largest with each cluster of pair touching or almost touching (
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF99FFB7C7F7F97740C26FDE" box="[429,495,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
P); second cluster (vdc-2) situated just lateral to mouthparts. Formula for ventral duct clusters as follows: vdc-1: 24–41 microducts (49–80 combined); vdc-2: 10–12; vdc-3: 3–7; vdc-4: 6–10; vdc-5: 8–12; vdc-6: 8–13; vdc-7: 0–5. Microducts outside ventral and marginal duct clusters smallest, each with rim ca. 3.0 µm wide, present marginally and submarginally, abundant particularly around marginal duct clusters, and also present in 2 linear groups extending from area ventrad of dorsal tubercle towards body margin, rest of ventral derm devoid of microducts. Spermatoid ducts hard to detect, similar to those on dorsum, present around body margin, 1 or 2 associated with each microduct, appearing most numerous within each marginal duct cluster (distribution not illustrated). Ventral setae each 7.5–10.0 µm long, about 6 or 8 present anterior to mouthparts, 2–5 present anterolateral to each pre-oral lobe, a group of 3–5 setae behind each posterior spiracle, a pair on last 3 abdominal segments anterior to vulva, 1 or 2 pairs on segment posterior to vulva, and a few setae on submargin of posterior apex, setae absent elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF98FFB6C69DFE9841CC6A26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF98FFB6C69DFE9844246B36" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C69DFE98406A687D" bold="true" box="[199,327,311,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C70AFE97439B687D" box="[336,694,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C70AFE97439B687D" box="[336,694,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paratachardina mahdihassani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C5CEFE974526687D" box="[916,1035,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. s i l v e s t r i</emphasis>
but can be diagnosed by the following features: (i) ventral duct clusters totalling 6 or 7 pairs, with clusters of most anterior pair touching or almost touching (
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF98FFB6C73FFE274085688E" box="[357,424,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
P) and each cluster with 24–41 microducts [5 to 6, rarely 7, pairs of vdcs with 10–20 microducts in each anterior cluster (total of both anterior clusters 24–40) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C246FE1F45BB68E5" box="[1052,1174,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C246FE1F45BB68E5" box="[1052,1174,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. silvestri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; and (ii) test of adult female four-lobed and much narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, purplish red to dark brown in colour [test of 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C6CDFDAF40216B35" box="[151,268,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. s i l v e s t r i</emphasis>
similar but generally not as narrow anteriorly and more orange to wine red in colour].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF98FFB6C69DFD8841CC6A26" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C69DFD88432F6B6D" bold="true" box="[199,514,551,577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morphological variation.</emphasis>
Vestigial legs were present on a few specimens collected on 
<date id="FF803ACFFF98FFB6C2A8FD8744596B6E" box="[1266,1396,552,578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-05" valueMin="2006-05-01">1–5.v.2006</date>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C6CDFDFF40586B45" box="[151,373,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C6CDFDFF40586B45" box="[151,373,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although they were completely absent on most specimens. Specimens from Gottipura appear to have slightly more pseudospines per brachial plate and slightly more spiracular pores around the posterior spiracles than the females from other collections (refer to the description above for ranges of counts for these features on Gottipura females versus typical females), and thus have been excluded from the 
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF98FFB6C333FD6744B16BCE" box="[1385,1436,712,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF98FFB6C69DFCB843A66C4E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF98FFB6C69DFCB843A66C4E" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C69DFCB840F86A1D" bold="true" box="[199,469,791,817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology and notes.</emphasis>
This species is named after Dr S. Mahdihassan, an authority on Indian lac insects and author of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C760FCEF43396A75" box="[314,532,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C760FCEF43396A75" box="[314,532,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tachardia silvestri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C404FCEF43F56A75" box="[606,728,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C404FCEF43F56A75" box="[606,728,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. silvestri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C4AAFCEF42CB6A76" author="Mahdihassan" box="[752,998,832,858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan (1923a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C5B0FCEF42D76A76" author="Mahdihassan" box="[1002,1018,832,858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 b) Observations on the life-cycles of south Indian lac insects. Indian Forester, 49, 653 - 663." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
) apparently already had recognized the species that we name 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C79CFCC743AA6AAD" box="[454,647,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C79CFCC743AA6AAD" box="[454,647,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mahdihassani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when he described 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C52EFCC742C06AAD" box="[884,1005,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C52EFCC742C06AAD" box="[884,1005,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. silvestri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it seems that he believed that the new species herein described was 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C4D7FC3F43D06A85" box="[653,765,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C4D7FC3F43D06A85" box="[653,765,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(later referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C5AAFC3F45746A85" box="[1008,1113,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C5AAFC3F45746A85" box="[1008,1113,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C229FC3F41C16AFE" author="Mahdihassan" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan (1923a: 48, 74, 75)</bibRefCitation>
describes &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C72CFC1740CE6AFD" box="[374,483,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C72CFC1740CE6AFD" box="[374,483,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; as follows: &quot;The third insect of interest to us grows round about Bangalore on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C6CDFC4F404B6AD5" box="[151,358,992,1017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C6CDFC4F404B6AD5" box="[151,358,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pongamia glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an oil-producing tree of the leguminous order. ... This insect is identical with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C34DFC4F41C46D0D" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C34DFC4F41C46D0D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tachardina minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Morrison, and my specimens were identified by him. ... The cells [test] on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C228FBA745C76D0D" box="[1138,1258,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C228FBA745C76D0D" box="[1138,1258,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pongamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark chestnut in colour with a distinct tinge of purple. At the marginal projections of the exudation a brownish blue colour is distinct. ... The first kind of cells [test of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C4B4FBF742746D5D" box="[750,857,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C4B4FBF742746D5D" box="[750,857,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;] is smooth and elevated with only small projections in front, while the latter [
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C7A7FB2F43596DB5" box="[509,628,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C7A7FB2F43596DB5" box="[509,628,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. silvestri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] has two long finger-like projections instead.&quot; The description of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C3DCFB2F41C56DED" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C3DCFB2F41C56DED" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C774FB07431E6DEE" author="Mahdihassan" box="[302,563,1192,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan (1923a)</bibRefCitation>
closely matches the morphology of the test of our 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C294FB0744B86DED" box="[1230,1429,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C294FB0744B86DED" box="[1230,1429,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mahdihassani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although initially 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C72EFB7F43406DC6" author="Mahdihassan" box="[372,621,1232,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan (1923a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C428FB7F43AF6DC6" author="Mahdihassan" box="[626,642,1232,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 b) Observations on the life-cycles of south Indian lac insects. Indian Forester, 49, 653 - 663." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
) called this species 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C52CFB7F42CA6DC5" box="[886,999,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C52CFB7F42CA6DC5" box="[886,999,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, later (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C264FB7F440D6DC6" author="Mahdihassan" box="[1086,1312,1232,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan 1946</bibRefCitation>
) he stated that &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C68DFB57409D6C3D" box="[215,432,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C68DFB57409D6C3D" box="[215,432,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; was &quot;the latest name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C4B4FB5742706C3D" box="[750,861,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C4B4FB5742706C3D" box="[750,861,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;. In that subsequent paper, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF98FFB6C2F0FB5744B66C3E" author="Mahdihassan" box="[1194,1435,1272,1298]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan (1946)</bibRefCitation>
described two varieties of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF98FFB6C783FA8F436C6C15" box="[473,577,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C783FA8F436C6C15" box="[473,577,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; based on morphological variation in shape of bacterial symbionts (refer to discussion under 'Notes' for 
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF98FFB6C45AFAE7435B6C4D" box="[512,630,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. s i l v e s t r i</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>