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<mods:title id="76B101B9EDF2EAC766E566DB564B4C95">A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96CCEC76D1B392F61CD8066043A13A89">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038987A49323FFFB73D5FB8ACCC50BCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6958251" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198574604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6958251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987A49323FFFB73D5FB8ACCC50BCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987A49323FFFB73D5FB8ACCC50BCF" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="C33A65399323FFFC73D5FB8ACE6A0F6E" box="[151,591,1086,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5FB8ACE6A0F6E" blockId="24.[151,591,1086,1185]" box="[151,591,1086,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D0D781DE9323FFFC73D5FB8ACE6A0F6E" bold="true" box="[151,591,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319323FFFC73D5FB8ACE6A0F6E" ID-CoL="78RM3" authority="(Garman, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,591,1086,1113]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5FB8ACE6A0F6E" bold="true" box="[151,591,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Bathyraja kincaidii (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC72D2FB8ACE620F6E" author="Garman, S." box="[400,583,1086,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref39454" refString="Garman, S. (1908) New Plagiostoma and Chismopnea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 51 (9), 249 - 256." type="journal article" year="1908">Garman, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5FBD7CDF90F4B" blockId="24.[151,591,1086,1185]" box="[151,476,1123,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<figureCitation id="131B2A379323FFFC73D5FBD7CD190F4B" box="[151,316,1123,1149]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStart-3="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,250,1453,1477]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,250,1495,1519]" captionStartId-3="28.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox-0="[558,1030,1147,1944]" captionTargetBox-1="[419,1158,209,1405]" captionTargetBox-2="[443,1144,213,1438]" captionTargetBox-3="[461,1126,742,1914]" captionTargetId-0="figure-40@25.[548,1039,1139,1951]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@26.[403,1183,181,1429]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@27.[406,1182,181,1471]" captionTargetId-3="figure-250@28.[326,1261,705,1951]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Bathyraja kincaidii, PSRC Bkin 020612-1, 575 mm TL, mature male, dorsal view, fresh. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 55 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Bathyraja kincaidii, PSRC Bkin 020612-1, 575 mm TL, mature male, ventral view, fresh. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 55 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Bathyraja kincaidii, holotype, MCZ 1261, 303.4 mm TL, immature female, dorsal view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 55 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 20. Bathyraja kincaidii, holotype, MCZ 1261, 303.4 mm TL, immature female, ventral view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 55 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601312" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601314" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601316" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601318" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601312/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601314/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601316/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6601318/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figures 17–20</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6A203099323FFFC7204FBD7CD830F4B" box="[326,422,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="31.[151,239,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,961,1452,1980]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics for Bathyraja kincaidii expressed as % of total length (n = 39)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9324FFFB73D5FA37C87F0EAA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF5F663A9324FFFB73D5FA37C87F0EAA">Tables 4</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6A203099323FFFC72F0FBD7CDF90F4B" box="[434,476,1123,1149]" captionStart-0="TABLE 8" captionStart-1="TABLE 9" captionStartId-0="50.[151,239,565,591]" captionStartId-1="58.[151,239,1268,1292]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionText-0="TABLE 8. Meristics for the seven Bathyraja species in this study." captionText-1="TABLE 9. Cranial morphometrics for Bathyraja species expressed as a % of total length. Measurementsfor B. spinosissima were not available." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid-0="DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" tableUuid-1="DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06">8–9</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5FB33CD770F97" blockId="24.[151,591,1086,1185]" box="[151,338,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sandpaper Skate</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC73D5FB78CDC80FD5" author="Garman, S." box="[151,493,1227,1251]" page="254" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319323FFFC73D5FB78CDC80FD5" authority="Garman, 1908: 254" authorityName=": Garman" authorityPageNumber="254" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,493,1227,1251]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5FB78CD000FD5" box="[151,293,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Raja kincaidii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7269FB7FCDC80FD5" author="Garman, S." box="[299,493,1227,1251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref39454" refString="Garman, S. (1908) New Plagiostoma and Chismopnea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 51 (9), 249 - 256." type="journal article" year="1908">Garman, 1908: 254</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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[Bulletin of the
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] v. 51 (no. 9).
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<typeStatus id="549B88109323FFFC773BFB7FC8F90FD5" box="[1145,1244,1227,1251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="DB869EC99323FFFC77AAFB7FC9790FD5" box="[1256,1372,1227,1251]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">MCZ 1261</specimenCode>
-
<collectorName id="26D553649323FFFC7621FB7FCD7C0E34" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. Off Friday Harbor</collectorName>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F33776229323FFFC72AAFB5ECE3B0E34" box="[488,542,1258,1282]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectorName id="26D553649323FFFC7165FB5ECE7C0E34" box="[551,601,1258,1282]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</collectorName>
catalog:
<collectorName id="26D553649323FFFC71F4FB5ECED00E34" box="[694,757,1258,1282]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hartel</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D553649323FFFC7057FB5ECFA40E34" box="[789,897,1258,1282]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dingerkus</collectorName>
, 1997: xlvii.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9323FFFC73D5FABDCE5A0EAD" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC73D5FABDCE260E16" author="Garman, S." box="[151,515,1288,1313]" page="254" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319323FFFC73D5FABDCE260E16" authority=": Garman, 1908: 254" authorityName=": Garman" authorityPageNumber="254" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,515,1288,1313]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5FABDCD0C0E16" box="[151,297,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Raja kincaidii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC727AFABDCE260E16" author="Garman, S." box="[312,515,1288,1313]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref39454" refString="Garman, S. (1908) New Plagiostoma and Chismopnea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 51 (9), 249 - 256." type="journal article" year="1908">Garman, 1908: 254</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7152FABDCEFE0E17" author="Garman, S." box="[528,731,1289,1313]" page="343" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7152FABDCEFE0E17" author="Garman, S." box="[528,731,1289,1313]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 515" refId="ref39483" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 36, 1 - 515." type="journal article" year="1913">Garman, 1913: 343</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 17 (description);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC70FFFABCC8D60E16" author="Schultz, L. P. &amp; DeLacy, A. C." box="[957,1267,1288,1313]" page="368" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC70FFFABCC8D60E16" author="Schultz, L. P. &amp; DeLacy, A. C." box="[957,1267,1288,1313]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="365 - 380" refId="ref43192" refString="Schultz, L. P. &amp; DeLacy, A. C. (1935) The fishes of the American northwest. A catalogue of the fishes of Washington and Oregon, with distributional records and a bibliography. Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institute, 10, 365 - 380." type="journal article" year="1935">Schultz &amp; DeLacy, 1935: 368</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record; range);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7385FA93CDA10E09" author="Schultz, L. P." box="[199,388,1319,1343]" page="132" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7385FA93CDA10E09" author="Schultz, L. P." box="[199,388,1319,1343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="103 - 228" refId="ref43102" refString="Schultz, L. P. (1936) Keys to the fishes of Washington, Oregon and close adjoining regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology, 2 (4), 103 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6847" type="journal article" year="1936">Schultz, 1936: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7288FA93CEA20E09" author="Schultz, L. P." box="[458,647,1319,1343]" page="235" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7288FA93CEA20E09" author="Schultz, L. P." box="[458,647,1319,1343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="235" refId="ref43154" refString="Schultz, L. P. (1937) Notes on Raja kincaidii Garman from the Pacific coast. Copeia, 1937 (4), 235. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1436274" type="journal article" year="1937">Schultz, 1937: 235</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7058FA93C8000E09" author="Roedel, P. M. &amp; Ripley, W. E." box="[794,1061,1319,1343]" page="74" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7058FA93C8000E09" author="Roedel, P. M. &amp; Ripley, W. E." box="[794,1061,1319,1343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref42909" refString="Roedel, P. M. &amp; Ripley, W. E. (1950) California sharks and rays. California Fish Game, Fisheries Bulletin, 75, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1950">Roedel &amp; Ripley, 1950: 74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, range);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC77B8FA93CCC50E68" author="Alverson, D. L." page="86" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC77B8FA93CCC50E68" author="Alverson, D. L." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="86" refId="ref36817" refString="Alverson, D. L. (1951) New records for marine fishes from southeastern Alaska. Copeia, 1951 (1), 86. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1438077" type="journal article" year="1951">Alverson, 1951: 86</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record); Clemens &amp; Wilby, 196l: 88, fig. 27 (description, range);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC70D4FAF2C86E0E68" author="Grinols, R. B." box="[918,1099,1350,1374]" page="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC70D4FAF2C86E0E68" author="Grinols, R. B." box="[918,1099,1350,1374]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref39812" refString="Grinols, R. B. (1965) Check-list of the offshore marine fishes occurring in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, principally off the coasts of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 217 pp." type="book" year="1965">Grinols, 1965: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC77E8FAF2C9B90E68" author="Miller, D. J. &amp; Lea, R. N." box="[1194,1436,1350,1374]" page="44" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC77E8FAF2C9B90E68" author="Miller, D. J. &amp; Lea, R. N." box="[1194,1436,1350,1374]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref41867" refString="Miller, D. J. &amp; Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Bulletin, 157 (1), 1 - 235." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller &amp; Lea, 1972: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, figure, key);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC728CFAD1CE890E4B" author="Quast, L. C. &amp; Hall, E. L." box="[462,684,1380,1405]" page="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC728CFAD1CE890E4B" author="Quast, L. C. &amp; Hall, E. L." box="[462,684,1380,1405]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42600" refString="Quast, L. C. &amp; Hall, E. L. (1972) List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF- 658, Seattle, Washington, 47 pp." type="book" year="1972">Quast &amp; Hall, 1972: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7044FAD1CFB20E4A" author="Hart, J. L." box="[774,919,1380,1405]" page="58" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7044FAD1CFB20E4A" author="Hart, J. L." box="[774,919,1380,1405]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref40084" refString="Hart, J. L. (1973) Pacific fishes of Canada. Bulletin - Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, 740 pp." type="book" year="1973">Hart, 1973: 58</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, figure, range);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC77FAFAD0C9B90E4B" author="Robins, C. R. &amp; Bailey, R. M. &amp; Bond, C. E. &amp; Brooker, J. R. &amp; Lachner, E. A. &amp; Lea, R. N. &amp; Scott, W. B." box="[1208,1436,1380,1405]" page="14" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC77FAFAD0C9B90E4B" author="Robins, C. R. &amp; Bailey, R. M. &amp; Bond, C. E. &amp; Brooker, J. R. &amp; Lachner, E. A. &amp; Lea, R. N. &amp; Scott, W. B." box="[1208,1436,1380,1405]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42825" refString="Robins, C. R., Bailey, R. M., Bond, C. E., Brooker, J. R., Lachner, E. A., Lea, R. N. &amp; Scott, W. B. (1980) A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. 4 th Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, Bethesda, Maryland, 174 pp." type="book" year="1980">
Robins
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC7644FAD1C91D0E4A" box="[1286,1336,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 1980: 14
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC725EFA37CE5E0EAD" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. &amp; Morrone, J. J. &amp; Alcocer Durand, J. &amp; Espinosa Perez, H. &amp; Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." box="[284,635,1411,1435]" page="110" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC725EFA37CE5E0EAD" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. &amp; Morrone, J. J. &amp; Alcocer Durand, J. &amp; Espinosa Perez, H. &amp; Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." box="[284,635,1411,1435]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 163" refId="ref38213" refString="Del Moral-Flores, L. F., Morrone, J. J., Alcocer Durand, J., Espinosa Perez, H. &amp; Perez-Ponce De Leon, G. (2016) Lista patron de los tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) de Mexico. Arxius de Miscel-lania Zoologica, 13 (2015), 47 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.32800 / amz. 2015.13.0047" type="journal article" year="2016">
Del Moral-Flores
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC7291FA30CE220EAD" box="[467,519,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 110
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5FA16CE6C0E8C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,1589]" box="[151,585,1442,1466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9323FFFC73D5FA16CE6C0E8C" box="[151,585,1442,1466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC73D5FA16CE260E8C" author="Cox, K. W." box="[151,515,1442,1466]" page="278" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319323FFFC73D5FA16CE260E8C" authority=": Cox, 1963: 278" authorityName="Cox" authorityPageNumber="278" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,515,1442,1466]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5FA16CD720E8C" box="[151,343,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Breviraja kincaidii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7226FA16CE260E8C" author="Cox, K. W." box="[356,515,1442,1466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref38005" refString="Cox, K. W. (1963) Egg-cases of some elasmobranchs and cyclostomee from California waters. California Fish and Game, 49, 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="1963">Cox, 1963: 278</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5FA74C9A30D02" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,1589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9323FFFC73D5FA74C9A30D02" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC73D5FA74CE100EEE" author="Stehmann, M. F. W." box="[151,565,1472,1497]" page="53" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319323FFFC73D5FA74CE100EEE" ID-CoL="78RM3" authority=": Stehmann, 1978: 53" authorityName="Stehmann" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,565,1472,1497]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5FA74CD790EEE" box="[151,348,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC722BFA74CE100EEE" author="Stehmann, M. F. W." box="[361,565,1472,1497]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="23 - 58" refId="ref43523" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. (1978) Raja &quot; bathyphila &quot;, eine Doppelart des Subgenus Rajella: Wiederbeschreibung von R. bathyphila Holt &amp; Byrne 1908 und Raja bigelowi spec. nov. (Pisces, Rajiformes, Rajidae). Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft, 29 (1 / 2), 23 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Stehmann, 1978: 53</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(reference);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC71FAFA74CFEE0EEE" author="Eschmeyer, W. N. &amp; Herald, E. S. &amp; Hammann, H." box="[696,971,1472,1497]" page="50" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC71FAFA74CFEE0EEE" author="Eschmeyer, W. N. &amp; Herald, E. S. &amp; Hammann, H." box="[696,971,1472,1497]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref39185" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Herald, E. S. &amp; Hammann, H. (1983) A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 336 pp." type="book" year="1983">
Eschmeyer
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC706DFA75CF460EEE" box="[815,867,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 1983: 50
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11, pl. 4 (description);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC77A4FA75CCC80EC1" author="Compagno, L. J. V." page="488" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC77A4FA75CCC80EC1" author="Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="471 - 498" refId="ref37878" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Ed.), Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 471 - 498." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 488</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7205FA6BCE070EC1" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[327,546,1503,1527]" page="197" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7205FA6BCE070EC1" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[327,546,1503,1527]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003: 197–198</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(description, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7074FA6BC8490EC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246889" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[822,1132,1503,1527]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E52745D7333816FFBB4F24FD3BFC48" page="116" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7074FA6BC8490EC1" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[822,1132,1503,1527]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="111 - 124" refId="ref38811" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (2007) Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80 (1), 111 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9247 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert &amp; Compagno, 2007: 116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7784FA6BCCC80D20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246889" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Davis, C. D." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E52745D7333816FFBB4F24FD3BFC48" page="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7784FA6BCCC80D20" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Davis, C. D." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert &amp; Davis, 2007: 5–6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(egg case description);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC7299FA4ACEE20D20" author="Pietsch, T. W. &amp; Orr, J. W." box="[475,711,1534,1558]" page="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7299FA4ACEE20D20" author="Pietsch, T. W. &amp; Orr, J. W." box="[475,711,1534,1558]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42557" refString="Pietsch, T. W. &amp; Orr, J. W. (2015) Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distributional analysis. NOAA Professional Papers NMFS No. 18, Seattle, Washington, 106 pp." type="book" year="2015">Pietsch &amp; Orr, 2015: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC7063FA4AC8630D20" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. &amp; Morrone, J. J. &amp; Alcocer Durand, J. &amp; Espinosa Perez, H. &amp; Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." box="[801,1094,1534,1558]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 163" refId="ref38213" refString="Del Moral-Flores, L. F., Morrone, J. J., Alcocer Durand, J., Espinosa Perez, H. &amp; Perez-Ponce De Leon, G. (2016) Lista patron de los tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) de Mexico. Arxius de Miscel-lania Zoologica, 13 (2015), 47 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.32800 / amz. 2015.13.0047" type="journal article" year="2016">
Del Moral-Flores
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC7094FA4BC82D0D20" box="[982,1032,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
(listed): 110; Last
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC7643FA4BC9160D20" box="[1281,1331,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 25, 390 (figure, listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC72D0F9A8CE4C0D03" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Bigman, J. S. &amp; Lawson, J. M." box="[402,617,1564,1589]" page="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC72D0F9A8CE4C0D03" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Bigman, J. S. &amp; Lawson, J. M." box="[402,617,1564,1589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref39032" refString="Ebert, D. A., Bigman, J. S. &amp; Lawson, J. M. (2017) Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans. In: Larson, S. E. &amp; Lowry, D. (Eds.), Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 77. Oxford Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 9 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. amb. 2017.07.001" type="book" year="2017">
Ebert
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC728DF9A9CE270D02" box="[463,514,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 21
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 58, 67 (description, distribution, key, listed);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39323FFFC777FF9A9C9150D03" author="Burton, E. J. &amp; Lea, R. N." box="[1085,1328,1565,1589]" page="32" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439323FFFC777FF9A9C9150D03" author="Burton, E. J. &amp; Lea, R. N." box="[1085,1328,1565,1589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref37539" refString="Burton, E. J. &amp; Lea, R. N. (2019) Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species. ZooKeys, 887, 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 887.38024" type="journal article" year="2019">Burton &amp; Lea, 2019: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A65399323FFFC73D5F9D6CE0F0CF7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29323FFFC73D5F9D6CE0F0CF7" blockId="24.[151,1437,1634,1985]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09323FFFC73D5F9D6CD370D4A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1634,1660]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small, rounded skates (
<quantity id="4CD89B579323FFFC715DF9D6CE5B0D4B" box="[543,638,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="560.0">560 mm</quantity>
TL), disc length and width short (29.0–54.1% TL and 61.2–67.3% TL, respectively), head length short (15.9–21.3% TL), internarial distance short (5.2–6.7% TL); claspers long and thin, tip rounded, not bulbous, pseudosiphon absent, possesses an average pseudorhipidion, not conspicuously projecting from the tip, V-shaped cleft, has a projection and an average sentina, projection is pointed; teeth in 22–31 and 18–31 rows on upper and lower jaw, respectively; pectoral radials 69–72; pelvic fins, 17–22; total vertebrae 132; dorsal surface covered in uniform prickles; thorns present on dorsal surface, males with well-developed alar thorns, malar thorns absent, middorsal thorns range in number (0–9), nuchal thorns strong (3–7), tail thorns few in number (14–22), scapular vary in count (0–2), interdorsal thorns weak or obsolete (0–2), thorns in a continuous row; dorsal coloration mottled brown to grey, possessing numerous small dark spots; ventral coloration white, often with dark brown blotches on underside of tail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5F663A9322FFFD73D5FBAACCC50F6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601310/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1054,1078]" targetBox="[297,1296,181,1030]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29322FFFD73D5FBAACCC50F6D" blockId="25.[151,1436,1054,1115]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09322FFFD73D5FBAACD010F00" bold="true" box="[151,292,1054,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Ventral view X-radiograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319322FFFD7132FBABCFAC0F01" authority=", CAS" authorityName="CAS" box="[624,905,1055,1079]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09322FFFD7132FBABCF620F00" box="[624,839,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bathyraja interrupta</emphasis>
, CAS
</taxonomicName>
243647, mature male. X-radiograph by Jon Fong (CAS).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F663A9322FFFD73D5F803CD7B0CC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601312/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1975,1999]" targetBox="[558,1030,1147,1944]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29322FFFD73D5F803CD7B0CC5" blockId="25.[151,1437,1975,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09322FFFD73D5F803CD3B0CF9" bold="true" box="[151,286,1975,1999]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319322FFFD7261F803CE400CF9" authority=", PSRC Bkin" authorityName="PSRC Bkin" box="[291,613,1975,1999]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09322FFFD7261F803CDC20CF9" box="[291,487,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
, PSRC Bkin
</taxonomicName>
020612-1, 575 mm TL, mature male, dorsal view, fresh. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 55 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F663A9321FFFE73D5FA19CDE00EDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601314/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,250,1453,1477]" targetBox="[419,1158,209,1405]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29321FFFE73D5FA19CDE00EDF" blockId="26.[151,1436,1453,1513]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09321FFFE73D5FA19CD010EF3" bold="true" box="[151,292,1453,1477]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319321FFFE726CFA19CEA40EF3" authority=", PSRC Bkin" authorityName="PSRC Bkin" box="[302,641,1453,1477]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09321FFFE726CFA19CDD20EF3" box="[302,503,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
, PSRC Bkin
</taxonomicName>
020612-1, 575 mm TL, mature male, ventral view, fresh. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 55 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33A65399321FFF97385F9A3CCC50D90" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29321FFFE7385F9A3C8790CD4" blockId="26.[151,1437,1559,2018]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09321FFFE7385F9A3CD7C0D07" bold="true" box="[199,345,1559,1585]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</emphasis>
A small skate with a rhomboidal disc, 1.2–2.1 times as broad as long; anterior margin strongly concave in adult males, convex beside and just forward of eyes; apex rounded; posterior margin slightly convex; free rear tip broadly rounded. Disc length and width are smaller than all of its congeners 29.0–54.1% TL and 61.2–67.3% TL, respectively. Head length relatively short 15.9–21.3% TL; preorbital snout length short 9.9–14.0% TL; preoral length 9.0–14.3% TL. Snout tip triangular and rounded; possessing no fleshy process at apex. Eye length moderate 2.3–5.6% TL; a flat to moderately concave area between the eyes; interorbital width short 3.6–5.3% TL. Spiracles average 1.9–3.6% TL, oval shaped; interspiracular space short 5.4–6.8% TL; mouth width short 5.9–8.2% TL. Nasal curtain length average 2.4–3.9% TL, width average 6.2–8.9% TL, its posterior margin fringed at the corners; anterior margin of curtain lobe-like. Internarial distance very short 5.2–6.7% TL; first gill slit length 1.5–2.7% TL; fifth gill slit length 1.1–2.4% TL; distance between first gill slits short 11.6–16.4% TL, and distance between fifth gill slits short 8.0–10.7% TL. Upper jaw moderately well arched, possessing a symphysis; lower jaw convex. Teeth similar in both jaws; teeth unicuspid, with a strong, bluntly pointed posteriorly directed cusp; arranged in longitudinal rows; upper teeth and lower teeth relatively low in number (22–31 and 18–31, respectively).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F663A9320FFFF73D5FA63CD870D25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601316/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1495,1519]" targetBox="[443,1144,213,1438]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29320FFFF73D5FA63CD870D25" blockId="27.[151,1437,1495,1555]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09320FFFF73D5FA63CD3A0ED9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1495,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319320FFFF7266FA63CDCD0ED9" box="[292,488,1495,1519]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09320FFFF7266FA63CDCD0ED9" box="[292,488,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MCZ 1261, 303.4 mm TL, immature female, dorsal view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 55 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29320FFFF7385F9F5C9350C4A" blockId="27.[151,1437,1601,2024]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pelvic fins small, posterior lobe 8.1–14.9% TL, anterior lobe 7.9–11.8% TL, and inner margin deeply incised 5.5–8.5%. Tail moderate 37.1–62.3% TL, relatively stout; wider at base, tapering to the first dorsal fin origin, not expanded in the middle. Lateral tail fold short 6.2–9.7% TL, similar in both sexes; not obviously broader at any point along its length. Dorsal fins relatively moderate in size and shape, the first dorsal fin taller than second dorsal fin, 2.0–4.0% TL and 1.4–2.9% TL, respectively; bases of both dorsal fins similar in size and length, 2.9–4.9% TL and 2.3–5.3% TL, respectively; anterior margins of both fins concave, apices rounded; free rear tip rounded; interdorsal space average 0.6–3.3% TL, with larger individuals having a shorter interdorsal space, rear tip of first dorsal fin not overlapping base of second dorsal fin. Caudal fin large, low, height 0.6–1.9% TL; its dorsal margin weakly concave; not connected to second dorsal fin by a small membranous ridge. Tail relatively short 37.1–62.3% TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29320FFF87385F831CCEC0A2B" blockId="27.[151,1437,1601,2024]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dorsal surface covered in uniform, small, sandpaper-like prickles. Scapular, middorsal, nuchal, interdorsal, and tail thorns present, males with a well-developed set of alar thorns; malar thorns absent; thorns vary slightly in size, from short to well-developed. Middorsal thorns range from absent to high in number (0–9); nuchal thorns welldeveloped and high in numbers (3–7); tail thorns few in number (14–22); scapular thorns absent in some specimens and present in others (0–2); interdorsal thorns weakly developed (0–2). Thorns in a single, continuous row; no multiple rows of thorns on body. Alar thorn patches range between 1–4 rows and 8–22 columns on both pectoral fins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29327FFF87385FE93CDFD0AE7" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Mature claspers relatively long and thin, base length 1.3–1.9% TL, inner length 20.6–27.5% TL, tip of clasper rounded and not bulbous (
<figureCitation id="131B2A379327FFF872F8FEFFCE0E0A53" box="[442,555,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1066,1090]" captionTargetBox="[619,969,191,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-17@29.[601,987,181,1042]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 21. Components of the clasper for Bathyraja kincaidii, Bkin 020113-1, 591 mm TL, mature male, CL- cleft, PJ- projection, PR- pseudorhipidion, SN- sentina. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601320/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 21</figureCitation>
). Clasper inner length 28.2–58.0% of tail length; pseudosiphon is absent; inner surface of dorsal lobe with an average pseudorhipidion that does not conspicuously project out from the tip of the clasper; V-shaped cleft; inner surface of ventral lobe possesses a projection and an average sentina; projection is pointed; clasper thin overall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29327FFF87385FE6FCF8D099F" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Clasper skeleton consists of 3 dorsal terminal, 1 accessory terminal, ventral terminal and axial cartilages; dorsal terminal 1 shaped like a long, narrow leaf, and possessing a long shaft; unlike most congeners the dorsal terminal 1 does not form a pseudosiphon externally; the tip of the dorsal marginal is pointed, and forms a long, thin pseudorhipidion externally; ventral terminal curved, possessing a blunt tip that forms the projection externally; accessory terminal 1 nearly as long as the ventral terminal; tip of accessory terminal 1 is pointed; average-sized sentina located above the projection; sentinel present, but fairly small.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F663A9327FFF873D5F802CDFC0CC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601318/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,250,1974,1998]" targetBox="[461,1126,742,1914]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29327FFF873D5F802CDFC0CC4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1974,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09327FFF873D5F802CD070CF8" bold="true" box="[151,290,1974,1998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319327FFF87268F803CDD40CF9" box="[298,497,1975,1999]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09327FFF87268F803CDD40CF9" box="[298,497,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MCZ 1261, 303.4 mm TL, immature female, ventral view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 55 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F663A9326FFF973D5FB9ECFBF0F50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601320/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,250,1066,1090]" targetBox="[619,969,191,1037]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF973D5FB9ECFBF0F50" blockId="29.[151,1436,1066,1126]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF973D5FB9ECD000F74" bold="true" box="[151,293,1066,1090]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
Components of the clasper for
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319326FFF971C0FB9ECFAB0F74" authority=", Bkin" authorityName="Bkin" box="[642,910,1066,1090]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF971C0FB9ECF690F74" box="[642,844,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
, Bkin
</taxonomicName>
020113-1, 591 mm TL, mature male, CL- cleft, PJ- projection, PR- pseudorhipidion, SN- sentina. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF97385FB20CD550FC0" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Dermal denticles possess 4–5 points on the base of the denticle; moderately developed on posterior third of the dorsal surface; denticles on the first dorsal strongly curved posteriorly and relatively narrow; denticles on head stouter (
<figureCitation id="131B2A379326FFF973B0FB68CD410FC0" box="[242,356,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[514,1084,466,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-146@30.[487,1100,453,1351]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 22. Scanning electron microscope images of the dermal denticles of Bathyraja kincaidii, Bkin 020113-1, 591 mm TL, mature male, from A. the first dorsal fin and B. the head region, behind the eyes. Photos by Justin Cordova (MLML)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601322/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF97385FAB4CFAB0EB0" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Length of rostral cartilage 45.8% of cranial length; prefontanelle rostral length 45.8%; cranial width 78.3%; least interorbital width 18.1%; length of anterior prefontanelle 20.5%; length of posterior prefontanelle 25.3%; length of rostral appendices 18.1%. Rostral cartilage nearly straight; anterior fontanelle spade-shaped; posterior fontanelle gourd-shaped; the posterior fontanelle larger (
<figureCitation id="131B2A379326FFF9704DFAD8CFA40EB0" box="[783,897,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1303,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,273,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-55@31.[210,1376,273,1280]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Ventral view X-radiograph of Bathyraja kincaidii, CAS 243648, immature female. X-radiograph by Jon Fong (CAS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601324/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF97385FA24CF5B0D20" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97385FA24CD6A0E9C" bold="true" box="[199,335,1424,1450]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Coloration.</emphasis>
Dorsal coloration mottled dark brown to brown-grey, with numerous small dark spots on body. Snout semi-translucent; snout and edges of fins sometimes purple. Ventral coloration white, usually with small to large dark brown blotches on underside of tail. Coloration after preservation is similar to fresh specimens; however, the dark spots on dorsal surface tend to become pale in coloration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF97385F994CCC50D90" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97385F994CD990D0C" bold="true" box="[199,444,1568,1594]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Egg case description</emphasis>
. Egg cases very small (
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF97187F994CF650D0D" box="[709,832,1568,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="50.0">50–66 mm</quantity>
TL), light to dark brown, dorsal surface covered with fine fibers, ventral surface with either a thin fibrous layer or without. Egg cases possess long, inward bending horns at each corner and strong lateral keels, with the horns flattening and becoming thread-like at the tips (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439326FFF977B8F9DCCCF10D90" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Davis, C. D." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert &amp; Davis 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A65399326FFFA7385F904C8A90A53" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFF97385F904CFE90C95" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97385F904CD440DFC" bold="true" box="[199,353,1712,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319326FFF97228F904CE600DFC" box="[362,581,1712,1738]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97228F904CE600DFC" box="[362,581,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confirmed as occurring in the eastern North Pacific, specifically from
<collectingRegion id="49E4F8509326FFF97396F960CDBD0DD8" box="[212,408,1748,1774]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33776229326FFF972E1F960CDDF0DD8" box="[419,506,1748,1774]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
, south to
<collectingRegion id="49E4F8509326FFF97126F960CF370DD8" box="[612,786,1748,1774]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33776229326FFF9705FF960CF560DD8" box="[797,883,1748,1774]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439326FFF970C2F960C82C0DD8" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[896,1033,1748,1774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Its range may extend up to Alaska, but confusion with
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319326FFF9723AF94DCE290C24" box="[376,524,1785,1810]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF9723AF94DCE290C24" box="[376,524,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">B. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means that the northern extent of its range cannot be verified. It is reported to occur most commonly on the continental shelf-slope break at around
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF970F6F8A8C81D0C01" box="[948,1080,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="200.0">200–500 m</quantity>
, but is possibly found down to
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF973D5F8F4CCD00C6D" box="[151,245,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3719999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1372.0">1,372 m</quantity>
at the southern end of its range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439326FFF9712DF8F4CF1E0C6C" author="Kyne, P. M. &amp; Carlson, J. K. &amp; Ebert, D. A. &amp; Fordham, S. V. &amp; Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Graham, R. T. &amp; Kulka, D. W. &amp; Tewes, E. E. &amp; Harrison, L. R. &amp; Dulvy, N. K." box="[623,827,1856,1883]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref41119" refString="Kyne, P. M., Carlson, J. K., Ebert, D. A., Fordham, S. V., Bizzarro, J. J., Graham, R. T., Kulka, D. W., Tewes, E. E., Harrison, L. R. &amp; Dulvy, N. K. (2012) The Conservation Status of North American, Central American, and Caribbean Chondrichthyans. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Vancouver, Canada, 148 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Kyne
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF971F7F8F5CECA0C6C" box="[693,751,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
); however, this study shows an increased depth range of
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF973F5F8D0CD460C49" box="[183,355,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.847" metricValueMax="10.504" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="584.7" valueMax="1050.4" valueMin="119.0">119–1,050.4 m</quantity>
. Most specimens occurred in the shallow portion of the species range, as there were only
<specimenCount id="9D26FD3B9326FFF97626F8D0CD290C94" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
collected at
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF972D8F83CCE2B0C95" box="[410,526,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0504" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1050.4">1,050.4 m</quantity>
; the rest were captured at
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF97070F83CCFED0C95" box="[818,968,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8865" metricValueMax="4.583" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="288.65" valueMax="458.3" valueMin="119.0">119–458.3 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29326FFFA7385F818CE960BCF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1172,2027]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97385F818CDA40CF0" bold="true" box="[199,385,1964,1990]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Biological notes</emphasis>
. Size at maturity for males
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF971F0F818CED30CF1" box="[690,758,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="44.0">44 cm</quantity>
TL;
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF97069F818CF4A0CF1" box="[811,879,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
TL for females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439326FFF97765F818C9620CF0" author="Perez-Brazen, C. R. &amp; Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A." box="[1063,1351,1964,1991]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1317 - 1322" refId="ref42488" refString="Perez-Brazen, C. R., Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2014) Reproduction of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman 1908) in the eastern North Pacific. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 97, 1317 - 1322. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 014 - 0220 - 4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Perez-Brazen
<emphasis id="B954EAA09326FFF97784F819C8D80CF0" box="[1222,1277,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Males grow to
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF973B6F864CD1D0CDD" box="[244,312,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="62.0">62 cm</quantity>
TL; females grow to
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF9716BF864CE480CDD" box="[553,621,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="58.0">58 cm</quantity>
TL. Size at birth is
<quantity id="4CD89B579326FFF9700BF864CF9D0CDD" box="[841,952,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 cm</quantity>
TL (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439326FFF970AFF864C8530CDC" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1005,1142,2000,2026]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Maximum size is at least
<quantity id="4CD89B579325FFFA73D5FF23CCFB0B87" box="[151,222,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="62.0">62 cm</quantity>
TL (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA725AFF23CD870B87" author="Perez, C. R." box="[280,418,150,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref42367" refString="Perez, C. R. (2005) Age, growth and reproduction of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman 1908) in the eastern North Pacific. California State University, Monterey Bay, Monterey, California, 105 pp." type="book" year="2005">Perez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA72F2FF23CE590B87" author="Perez, C. R. &amp; Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A." box="[432,636,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1149 - 1156" refId="ref42412" refString="Perez, C. R., Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2011) Age and growth of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii, using vertebral centra, with an investigation of caudal thorns. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91 (6), 1149 - 1156. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410002031" type="journal article" year="2011">
Perez
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA72B5FF23CE150B87" box="[503,560,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Maximum age has been estimated to be 17 years for females and 18 years for males (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA7214FF0FCE010BE3" author="Perez, C. R. &amp; Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A." box="[342,548,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1149 - 1156" refId="ref42412" refString="Perez, C. R., Cailliet, G. M. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2011) Age and growth of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii, using vertebral centra, with an investigation of caudal thorns. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91 (6), 1149 - 1156. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410002031" type="journal article" year="2011">
Perez
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA72DDFF0FCDFC0BE3" box="[415,473,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Consume invertebrates, notably euphausiids, polychaetes, amphipods, crabs, and mysids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA7267FF6BCD890BCF" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[293,428,223,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA72FAFF6BCE820BCF" author="Rinewalt, C. S. &amp; Ebert, D. A. &amp; Cailliet, G. M." box="[440,679,223,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="147 - 163" refId="ref42748" refString="Rinewalt, C. S., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Cailliet, G. M. (2007) Food habits of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman 1908) off central California: Seasonal variation in diet linked to oceanographic conditions. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 147 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9218 - 5" type="journal article" year="2007">
Rinewalt
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7166FF6BCE790BCF" box="[548,604,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29325FFFA7385FEB6C8A90A53" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7385FEB6CD060A2A" bold="true" box="[199,291,258,284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Habitat</emphasis>
. Inhabits deep waters, but not as deep as other members of
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA70FFFEB7C8080A2B" authorityName=", Ishiyama" authorityYear="1958" box="[957,1069,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA70FFFEB7C8080A2B" box="[957,1069,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the ENP (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA77F9FEB7C9B40A2B" author="Kuhnz, L. A. &amp; Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A." box="[1211,1425,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
Kuhnz
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA764CFEB7C9630A2B" box="[1294,1350,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Individuals tend to be found in deeper waters at the southern edge of their distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA7731FE93C8D80A77" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1139,1277,295,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Temperature preferences were observed to be moderate compared to its congeners (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439325FFFA70E8FEFFC8A50A53" author="Kuhnz, L. A. &amp; Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A." box="[938,1152,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
Kuhnz
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA70BFFEFFC8100A53" box="[1021,1077,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A65399325FFFA7385FEDBCCC00CCF" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29325FFFA7385FEDBCE220A9B" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7385FEDBCD6B0ABF" bold="true" box="[199,334,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species was named in honor of Dr. Trevor Kincaid, University of
<collectingRegion id="49E4F8509325FFFA77C0FEDBC92E0ABF" box="[1154,1291,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Washington</collectingRegion>
. Dr. Kincaid collected the
<typeStatus id="549B88109325FFFA726EFE27CDAB0A9B" box="[300,398,403,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F663A9325FFFA73D5FAEAC9190EAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601322/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1374,1398]" targetBox="[514,1084,466,1332]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29325FFFA73D5FAEAC9190EAD" blockId="30.[151,1436,1374,1435]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA73D5FAEACD3A0E40" bold="true" box="[151,287,1374,1398]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscope images of the dermal denticles of
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA70EFFAEBC8880E41" authority=", Bkin" authorityName="Bkin" box="[941,1197,1375,1399]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA70EFFAEBC8550E41" box="[941,1136,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
, Bkin
</taxonomicName>
020113-1, 591 mm TL, mature male, from A. the first dorsal fin and B. the head region, behind the eyes. Photos by Justin Cordova (MLML).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29325FFFA7385FA77C95F0DA4" blockId="30.[151,1437,1475,2041]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7385FA77CD430EEB" bold="true" box="[199,358,1475,1501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Comparisons</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7238FA77CE7F0EEB" box="[378,602,1475,1501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7238FA77CE7F0EEB" box="[378,602,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from most softnose skate species in the ENP. Internarial distance is significantly shorter than all of the conspecifics (F
<subScript id="17A434F79325FFFA7088FA4ECFCA0D3E" attach="left" box="[970,1007,1530,1544]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">6,104</subScript>
= 21.9, p &lt;0.0001). Furthermore, the tail thorn count is significantly lower than all of its congeners (F
<subScript id="17A434F79325FFFA70C6F9AACF8C0D1A" attach="left" box="[900,937,1566,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">6,104</subScript>
= 24.0, p &lt;0.0001).
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA77E7F9BFC9B00D13" box="[1189,1429,1547,1573]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA77E7F9BFC9B00D13" box="[1189,1429,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja abyssicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA73D5F984CD340D7F" box="[151,273,1583,1609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA73D5F984CD340D7F" box="[151,273,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. aleutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7208F984CDDC0D7F" baseAuthorityName="Beebe &amp; Tee-Van" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[330,505,1584,1609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7208F984CDDC0D7F" box="[330,505,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. spinosissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all possess large disc lengths and widths, in addition to obvious color differences.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA73D5F9E7CD840D5B" baseAuthorityName="Osburn &amp; Nichols" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,417,1619,1645]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA73D5F9E7CD840D5B" box="[151,417,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though similar in size, lacks middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA77E8F9E7C9A60D5B" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1194,1411,1619,1645]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA77E8F9E7C9A60D5B" box="[1194,1411,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja trachura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is darkly colored and has much larger dermal denticles on the dorsal surface and a much shorter interdorsal space.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29325FFFA7385F92FCCC00CCF" blockId="30.[151,1437,1475,2041]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7385F92FCD960D83" box="[199,435,1691,1717]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7385F92FCD960D83" box="[199,435,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA71A7F928CF4C0D83" box="[741,873,1691,1717]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA71A7F928CF4C0D83" box="[741,873,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is compared in detail to describe characters that are useful for identification. Besides the morphological traits listed in the prior comparison for
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7641F974C9B30DEF" box="[1283,1430,1728,1753]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7641F974C9B30DEF" box="[1283,1430,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dermal denticles can be used to separate the two species, as
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA707EF950CFEB0DCB" box="[828,974,1764,1789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA707EF950CFEB0DCB" box="[828,974,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three points on the denticle base and the denticles are posteriorly oriented, with little to no curve along the length.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7757F8B3C8D50C17" box="[1045,1264,1799,1825]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7757F8B3C8D50C17" box="[1045,1264,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses four to five points with strongly curved denticles, especially for those on the head region. Some of the best indicators for species identification of softnose skates are the thorn counts.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA70C0F8FBC8780C5F" box="[898,1117,1871,1897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA70C0F8FBC8780C5F" box="[898,1117,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a higher middorsal and nuchal thorn count than
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA72E5F8C0CE1D0CBB" box="[423,568,1908,1933]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA72E5F8C0CE1D0CBB" box="[423,568,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0–9 and 3–7 for
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7042F8C0CFA40CBB" box="[768,897,1907,1933]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7042F8C0CFA40CBB" box="[768,897,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively and 1–8 and 2–5 for
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA7647F8C0C9B30CBB" box="[1285,1430,1908,1933]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA7647F8C0C9B30CBB" box="[1285,1430,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively).
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA727AF823CE360C87" box="[312,531,1943,1969]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA727AF823CE360C87" box="[312,531,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a single, uninterrupted row of thorns down the midline of the dorsal surface.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319325FFFA73B4F80FCDFA0CE3" box="[246,479,1979,2005]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09325FFFA73B4F80FCDFA0CE3" box="[246,479,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathyraja interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an interrupted row of thorns with a noticeable gap between the middorsal and tail thorns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A65399324FFFB7385FF23CCC50BCF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29324FFFB7385FF23CCC50BCF" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B954EAA09324FFFB7385FF23CD110B87" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks</emphasis>
. Individuals observed by remotely operated vehicles were found on flat, fine sediment. The species seems to prefer a walking locomotion using its pelvic fins rather than swimming in the water column (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439324FFFB7649FF0FCCF10BCF" author="Kuhnz, L. A. &amp; Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
Kuhnz
<emphasis id="B954EAA09324FFFB761CFF0FC9B30BE3" box="[1374,1430,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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