510 lines
67 KiB
XML
510 lines
67 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="02AF363CE1BCDCF91B3E23A0A373845F">A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038987A4931BFFC273D5F94CCDC709FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6958253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198574602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6958253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987A4931BFFC273D5F94CCDC709FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987A4931BFFC273D5F94CCDC709FB" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C33A6539931BFFC473D5F94CCED80C24" box="[151,765,1784,1811]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931BFFC473D5F94CCED80C24" blockId="32.[151,765,1784,1882]" box="[151,765,1784,1811]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0D781DE931BFFC473D5F94CCED80C24" bold="true" box="[151,765,1784,1811]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931BFFC473D5F94CCED80C24" ID-CoL="793LX" authority="(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Osburn & Nichols" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,765,1784,1811]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931BFFC473D5F94CCED80C24" bold="true" box="[151,765,1784,1811]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931BFFC473D5F94CCD900C25" bold="true" box="[151,437,1784,1811]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931BFFC47286F94CCED00C24" author="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T." box="[452,757,1784,1810]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="139 - 181" refId="ref42183" refString="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T. (1916) Shore fishes collected by the ' Albatross' expedition in Lower California, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 35 (16), 139 - 181." type="journal article" year="1916">Osburn & Nichols, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A6539931BFFC473D5F8A8CD400C6C" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931BFFC473D5F8A8CDF90C01" blockId="32.[151,765,1784,1882]" box="[151,476,1820,1847]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation id="131B2A37931BFFC473D5F8A8CD1E0C01" box="[151,315,1820,1847]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStart-2="FIGURE 26" captionStart-3="FIGURE 27" captionStartId-0="33.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionStartId-1="34.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionStartId-2="35.[151,250,1259,1283]" captionStartId-3="36.[151,250,1136,1160]" captionTargetBox-0="[459,1121,455,1617]" captionTargetBox-1="[463,1117,215,1383]" captionTargetBox-2="[439,1127,315,1231]" captionTargetBox-3="[451,1139,202,1102]" captionTargetId-0="figure-123@33.[333,1255,417,1647]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@34.[333,1255,181,1411]" captionTargetId-2="figure-79@35.[432,1155,309,1236]" captionTargetId-3="figure-24@36.[443,1145,181,1113]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionTargetPageId-3="36" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Bathyraja microtrachys, mature male, dorsal view, fresh. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 70 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Bathyraja microtrachys, mature male, ventral view, fresh. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 70 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 26. Bathyraja microtrachys, holotype, USNM 5198, 737 mm TL, mature female, dorsal view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 95 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 27. Bathyraja microtrachys, holotype, USNM 5198, 737 mm TL, mature female, ventral view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 95 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601326" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601328" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601330" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601332" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601326/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601328/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601330/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6601332/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figures 24–27</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<tableCitation id="C6A20309931BFFC47204F8A8CD830C01" box="[326,422,1820,1847]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="38.[151,239,764,788]" captionTargetBox="[163,886,806,1965]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometrics for Bathyraja microtrachys expressed as % of total length (n = 7)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A931DFFC273D5FD48C85E0823" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="DF5F663A931DFFC273D5FD48C85E0823">Tables 5</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="C6A20309931BFFC472F0F8A9CDF90C01" box="[434,476,1821,1847]" captionStart-0="TABLE 8" captionStart-1="TABLE 9" captionStartId-0="50.[151,239,565,591]" captionStartId-1="58.[151,239,1268,1292]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionText-0="TABLE 8. Meristics for the seven Bathyraja species in this study." captionText-1="TABLE 9. Cranial morphometrics for Bathyraja species expressed as a % of total length. Measurementsfor B. spinosissima were not available." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid-0="DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" tableUuid-1="DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06">8–9</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931BFFC473D5F8F4CD400C6C" blockId="32.[151,765,1784,1882]" box="[151,357,1856,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fine-Spined Skate</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A6539931BFFC57385F83DC83B0ABF" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931BFFC47385F83DCECF0C95" author="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T." box="[199,746,1928,1955]" page="142" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1916">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931BFFC47385F83DCECF0C95" authority="Osburn & Nichols, 1916: 142" authorityName=": Osburn & Nichols" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1916" box="[199,746,1928,1955]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931BFFC47385F83DCDB30C94" box="[199,406,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Raja microtrachys</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931BFFC472DEF83CCECF0C95" author="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T." box="[412,746,1928,1955]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="139 - 181" refId="ref42183" refString="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T. (1916) Shore fishes collected by the ' Albatross' expedition in Lower California, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 35 (16), 139 - 181." type="journal article" year="1916">Osburn & Nichols, 1916: 142</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History] v. 35 (art. 16).
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931BFFC47201F819CD950CF1" bold="true" box="[323,432,1965,1991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="549B8810931BFFC47201F819CD950CF1" box="[323,432,1965,1991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB869EC9931BFFC47282F819CE450CF1" box="[448,608,1964,1991]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">USNM 87538</specimenCode>
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[ex
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<specimenCode id="DB869EC9931BFFC471D1F819CF0A0CF1" box="[659,815,1964,1991]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">AMNH 5198</specimenCode>
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].
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<location id="8EFF6069931BFFC47000F818C8AD0CF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987A4931BFFC273D5F94CCDC709FB:8EFF6069931BFFC47000F818C8AD0CF0" box="[834,1160,1964,1991]" country="United States of America" latitude="31.0" municipality="Albatross station" name="Off Southwest of San Diego" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">Off Southwest of San Diego</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E4F850931BFFC477D7F818C92C0CF0" box="[1173,1289,1964,1990]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3377622931BFFC47654F819C9740CF1" box="[1302,1361,1965,1991]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
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, about
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145075931BFFC473D5F865CCF10CDD" box="[151,212,2001,2027]" degrees="31" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="55555" value="31.0">31°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFBACC8931BFFC4739DF864CDB90CDC" box="[223,412,2000,2026]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Albatross station</collectingMunicipality>
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5673, depth 1,090 fathoms.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57385FF23CF3B0B87" author="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T." box="[199,798,151,177]" page="142" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1916">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931AFFC57385FF23CF3B0B87" authority=": Osburn & Nichols, 1916: 142" authorityName=": Osburn & Nichols" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1916" box="[199,798,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57385FF23CDB80B87" box="[199,413,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Raja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC572F1FF23CF3B0B87" author="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T." box="[435,798,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="139 - 181" refId="ref42183" refString="Osburn, R. C. & Nichols, J. T. (1916) Shore fishes collected by the ' Albatross' expedition in Lower California, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 35 (16), 139 - 181." type="journal article" year="1916">Osburn & Nichols, 1916: 142</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 1 (description);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57765FF23C9B30B87" author="Townsend, C. H. & Nichols, J. T." box="[1063,1430,150,177]" page="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57765FF23C9B30B87" author="Townsend, C. H. & Nichols, J. T." box="[1063,1430,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref44084" refString="Townsend, C. H. & Nichols, J. T. (1925) Deep sea fishes of the ' Albatross' Lower California expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 52 (1), 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1925">Townsend & Nichols, 1925: 6</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC573D5FF0FCD4C0BE3" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[151,361,186,213]" page="502" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC573D5FF0FCD4C0BE3" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[151,361,186,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="481 - 508" refId="ref39350" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1930) A list of the sharks and rays of the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the 4 th Pacific Science Congress, Java 1929, 3, 481 - 508." type="journal article" year="1930">Fowler, 1930: 502</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(listed);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57291FF0FCEF20BE3" author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W." box="[467,727,186,213]" page="25" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57291FF0FCEF20BE3" author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W." box="[467,727,186,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 670" refId="ref40904" refString="Jordan, D. S., Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W. (1930) Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries, 1928 (2), 1 - 670." type="journal article" year="1930">
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<collectingCountry id="F3377622931AFFC57291FF0FCE3B0BE3" box="[467,542,187,213]" name="Jordan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57165FF0FCE440BE3" box="[551,609,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1930: 25
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</bibRefCitation>
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(listed);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57002FF0FCFC90BE3" author="Grey, M." box="[832,1004,186,213]" page="99" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1956">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57002FF0FCFC90BE3" author="Grey, M." box="[832,1004,186,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="73 - 337" refId="ref39767" refString="Grey, M. (1956) The distribution of fishes found below a depth of 2000 meters. Fieldiana Zoology, 36 (2), 73 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2788" type="journal article" year="1956">Grey, 1956: 99</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(compiled);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC577C3FF0FC9B90BE3" author="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[1153,1436,187,213]" page="211" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC577C3FF0FC9B90BE3" author="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[1153,1436,187,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref41867" refString="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Bulletin, 157 (1), 1 - 235." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller & Lea, 1972: 211</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(reference).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931AFFC57385FEB7C83B0ABF" blockId="33.[151,1437,150,394]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C931AFFC57385FEB7C83B0ABF" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57385FEB7CEF20A2B" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[199,727,259,285]" page="488" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1999">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931AFFC57385FEB7CEF20A2B" ID-CoL="793LX" authority=": Compagno, 1999: 488" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityPageNumber="488" authorityYear="1999" box="[199,727,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57385FEB7CDF40A2B" box="[199,465,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC5729DFEB7CEF20A2B" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[479,727,259,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="471 - 498" refId="ref37878" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Ed.), Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 471 - 498." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 488</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57079FEB7C8080A2B" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[827,1069,259,285]" page="199" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57079FEB7C8080A2B" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[827,1069,259,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003: 199–200</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57622FEB7CD8A0A77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246891" author="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E52745D7323815FFBB4E4CFE84FC18" page="117" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57622FEB7CD8A0A77" author="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="111 - 124" refId="ref38811" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2007) Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80 (1), 111 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9247 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 117</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC57154FE93CF1F0A77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246891" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." box="[534,826,295,321]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E52745D7323815FFBB4E4CFE84FC18" page="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC57154FE93CF1F0A77" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." box="[534,826,295,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Davis, 2007: 6–7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(egg case description);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC5770BFE93CCE50A53" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. & Morrone, J. J. & Alcocer Durand, J. & Espinosa Perez, H. & Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." page="110" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC5770BFE93CCE50A53" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. & Morrone, J. J. & Alcocer Durand, J. & Espinosa Perez, H. & Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="47 - 163" refId="ref38213" refString="Del Moral-Flores, L. F., Morrone, J. J., Alcocer Durand, J., Espinosa Perez, H. & Perez-Ponce De Leon, G. (2016) Lista patron de los tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) de Mexico. Arxius de Miscel-lania Zoologica, 13 (2015), 47 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.32800 / amz. 2015.13.0047" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Del Moral-Flores
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57657FE93C96B0A77" box="[1301,1358,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 110
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed); Last
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC5721DFEFFCDBD0A53" box="[351,408,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 26, 401 (figure, listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC571BEFEFFCFCB0A53" author="Ebert, D. A. & Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M." box="[764,1006,331,357]" page="21" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC571BEFEFFCFCB0A53" author="Ebert, D. A. & Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M." box="[764,1006,331,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref39032" refString="Ebert, D. A., Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M. (2017) Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans. In: Larson, S. E. & Lowry, D. (Eds.), Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 77. Oxford Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 9 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. amb. 2017.07.001" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57003FEFFCF5F0A53" box="[833,890,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 21
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 58, 68 (description, distribution, key, listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC573AEFEDBCDDD0ABF" author="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[236,504,367,393]" page="98" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC573AEFEDBCDDD0ABF" author="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[236,504,367,393]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref37539" refString="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N. (2019) Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species. ZooKeys, 887, 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 887.38024" type="journal article" year="2019">Burton & Lea, 2019: 98</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A3931AFFC5711FFEDBCF110ABF" author="Orr, J. W. & Stevenson, D. E. & Hanke, G. & Spies, I. B. & Boutillier, J. A. & Hoff, G. R." box="[605,820,367,393]" page="41" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931AFFC5711FFEDBCF110ABF" author="Orr, J. W. & Stevenson, D. E. & Hanke, G. & Spies, I. B. & Boutillier, J. A. & Hoff, G. R." box="[605,820,367,393]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="37 - 47" refId="ref42096" refString="Orr, J. W., Stevenson, D. E., Hanke, G., Spies, I. B., Boutillier, J. A. & Hoff, G. R. (2019) Range extensions and new records from Alaska and British Columbia for two skates, Bathyraja spinosissima and Bathyraja microtrachys. Northwestern Naturalist, 100 (1), 37 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1898 / NWN 18 - 21" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Orr
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC571C9FEDBCEE60ABF" box="[651,707,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019: 41
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description, range).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A931AFFC573D5F932C9340DA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601326" box="[151,1297,1670,1695]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601326/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1670,1694]" targetBox="[459,1121,455,1617]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931AFFC573D5F932C9340DA8" blockId="33.[151,1297,1670,1695]" box="[151,1297,1670,1695]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC573D5F932CD050DA8" bold="true" box="[151,288,1670,1694]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931AFFC57264F932CE320DA8" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[294,535,1670,1694]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC57264F932CE320DA8" box="[294,535,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mature male, dorsal view, fresh. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 70 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539931AFFC573D5F978CED90CD5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931AFFC573D5F978CED90CD5" blockId="33.[151,1437,1740,2019]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931AFFC573D5F978CD370DD0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1740,1766]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderate sized, rhomboidal skates (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931AFFC571F0F979CF340DD1" box="[690,785,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="910.0">910 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), disc length (41.5–51.1% TL), head moderately long (18.3–21.2% TL), internarial distance large (7.3–8.7% TL); claspers short and robust, tip rounded, very large pseudosiphon present, possesses a long, slender pseudorhipidion nearly reaching the tip, V-shaped cleft, projection absent; teeth in 23–30 and 11–22 rows on upper and lower jaw, respectively; pectoral radials 61–74; pelvic fins, 14; total vertebrae 130; dorsal surface evenly covered in fine prickles; thorns present on dorsal surface, males with alar thorns, malar thorns absent, middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns absent, tail thorns high in number (19–26); interdorsal thorns weak to obsolete (0–1); dorsal coloration uniformly brown, usually darker at the margins; ventral coloration white, with brown pectorals and pelvic fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A9319FFC673D5FA2FC93C0E85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601328" box="[151,1305,1435,1459]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601328/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1435,1459]" targetBox="[463,1117,215,1383]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29319FFC673D5FA2FC93C0E85" blockId="34.[151,1305,1435,1459]" box="[151,1305,1435,1459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09319FFC673D5FA2FCD050E85" bold="true" box="[151,288,1435,1459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319319FFC67264FA2FCE320E85" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[294,535,1435,1459]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09319FFC67264FA2FCE320E85" box="[294,535,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mature male, ventral view, fresh. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 70 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65399319FFC07385FA55CCC50E9F" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29319FFC67385FA55CF880C76" blockId="34.[151,1437,1505,2036]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09319FFC67385FA55CD7C0ECD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1505,1531]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately-sized skate with a rhomboidal disc, 1.2–1.4 times as broad as long; anterior margin strongly concave in adult males, convex beside and just forward of eyes; apex broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly convex; free rear tip broadly rounded. Head length moderate 18.3–21.2% TL; preorbital snout length 9.8– 14.3% TL; preoral length 9.9–13.7% TL. Snout tip triangular, flabby, and pointed, possessing no fleshy process at apex. Eye length moderate 2.9–5.5% TL. Spiracles small 0.8–3.0% TL, oval shaped. Nasal curtain length average 2.0–4.09% TL, its posterior margin not fringed at the corners; anterior margin of curtain lobe-like. Internarial distance relatively large 7.3–8.7% TL; first gill slit length moderate 0.6–2.4% TL; fifth gill slit length relatively large 0.6–2.4% TL. Upper jaw moderately well arched, possessing a symphysis; lower jaw convex. Teeth similar in both jaws; teeth unicuspid, with a strong, bluntly pointed posteriorly directed cusp; arranged in longitudinal rows; upper and lower teeth low in number (23–30 and 11–22, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29319FFC77385F8FDCE790A2B" blockId="34.[151,1437,1505,2036]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,150,285]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pelvic fins small overall; anterior lobe short 4.8–9.7% TL, posterior lobe 7.2–15.3% TL, and inner margin short 2.3–7.3% TL. Tail moderate 45.5–67.7% TL, moderately stout; wider at base, tapering to the first dorsal fin origin, not expanded in the middle. Precaudal length 48.0–101.8% TL shows significant differences, being of moderate length. Dorsal fins relatively moderate in height and shape, both dorsal fins similar in size and height, 1.4–2.5% TL and 1.6–2.8% TL, respectively; base of the first dorsal fin longer than the second dorsal fin, 4.0–5.6% TL and 2.7–5.2% TL, respectively; anterior margins of both fins concave, apices rounded; free rear tip pointed and overlaps caudal fin; interdorsal space absent to short 0.0–1.6% TL, rear tip of first dorsal fin not overlapping base of second dorsal fin. Caudal fin short and low, height 0.3–1.1% TL; its dorsal margin weakly concave; connected to second dorsal fin by a small membranous ridge.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A9318FFC773D5FB5FCDFC0E11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601330/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1259,1283]" targetBox="[439,1127,315,1231]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29318FFC773D5FB5FCDFC0E11" blockId="35.[151,1436,1259,1319]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09318FFC773D5FB5FCD040E35" bold="true" box="[151,289,1259,1283]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319318FFC7726BFB5FCE3E0E35" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[297,539,1259,1283]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09318FFC7726BFB5FCE3E0E35" box="[297,539,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 5198, 737 mm TL, mature female, dorsal view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 95 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29318FFC77385FAE1CCDD0D15" blockId="35.[151,1436,1365,2040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dorsal surface covered in uniform, small, fine prickles; ventral surface smooth. Interdorsal and tail thorns present, males with a well-developed set of alar thorns; malar thorns absent; thorns vary slightly in size, from short to moderately well-developed. Middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns absent; tail thorns high in number and moderately well-developed (19–26); interdorsal thorns very weakly developed, and absent in most specimens (0–1). Alar thorn patches range between 3–5 rows and 19–24 columns on both pectoral fins. No multiple rows of thorns on body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29318FFC77385F99ACFFE0D85" blockId="35.[151,1436,1365,2040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Mature claspers relatively short and robust, base length 1.3–2.6% TL, inner length 18.4–21.9% TL, tip of clasper rounded and bulbous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A379318FFC772D0F9E5CE210D5D" box="[402,516,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[662,972,192,1002]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[603,985,181,1010]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 28. Components of the clasper for Bathyraja microtrachys, Bmicro 10.30.09-2, 675 mm TL, mature male. CL- cleft, PR- pseudorhipidion, PS- pseudosiphon. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601334/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clasper inner length 40.5–44.8% of tail length; very large pseudosiphon present near outer lateral edge of dorsal lobe; the inner surface of the dorsal lobe with very long, slender pseudorhipidion that nearly reaches the tip of the clasper; V-shaped cleft; projection absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29318FFC77385F909C8DF0C51" blockId="35.[151,1436,1365,2040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Clasper skeleton consists of 3 dorsal terminal, 1 accessory terminal, ventral terminal and axial cartilages; dorsal terminal 1 very large, rounded, and narrow, curves onto the ventral side and united with ventral terminal; dorsal terminal 1 forms a large pseudosiphon 1 externally, its length 41.8% the length of the clasper; tip of dorsal marginal is pointed, forming a clearly defined pseudorhipidion externally; accessory terminal 1 rod-like and does not form a sentinel externally; tip of ventral marginal sharply pointed that does not form an external projection.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29318FFC77385F8C5C8E10CC1" blockId="35.[151,1436,1365,2040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Length of rostral cartilage short, 32.8% of cranial length; prefontanelle rostral length 41.4%; cranial width 87.5%; least interorbital width 24.2%; length of anterior prefontanelle 16.4%; length of posterior prefontanelle long 18.8% of cranial length; length of rostral appendices 14.1%. Rostral appendices nearly straight; anterior fontanelle rectangular-shaped; posterior fontanelle gourd-shaped and longer than anterior one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A379318FFC77704F869C8920CC1" box="[1094,1207,2013,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,1118,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-49@37.[225,1361,1118,1954]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 29. Ventral view X-radiograph of Bathyraja microtrachys, CAS 243652, mature female. X-radiograph by Jon Fong (CAS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601336/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A931FFFC073D5FBC4CDFC0F9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601332/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1136,1160]" targetBox="[451,1139,202,1102]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC073D5FBC4CDFC0F9A" blockId="36.[151,1436,1136,1197]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC073D5FBC4CD040FBE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1136,1160]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC0726AFBC5CE3C0FBF" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[296,537,1137,1161]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0726AFBC5CE3C0FBF" box="[296,537,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 5198, 737 mm TL, mature female, ventral view, preserved. Photo by D.A. Ebert. Scale bar = 95 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385FB6EC9AF0E2F" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385FB6ECD6A0FC2" bold="true" box="[199,335,1242,1268]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal coloration uniformly brown; slightly darker at the disc margins. Ventral coloration white, with the exception of brown pectorals and pelvic fins. Coloration after preservation is similar to fresh specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385FA97CCC50E9F" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385FA97CD9A0E0A" bold="true" box="[199,447,1314,1341]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Egg case description</emphasis>
|
||
. Egg cases small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC071D7FA97CF340E0B" box="[661,785,1315,1341]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="80.0" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="79.0">79–81 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), dark golden brown, coarsely striated, with irregular rasp-like denticles, making the case rough to the touch. Horns present at the corners; anterior horns are robust at base, but flatten towards tips. Tips of the horns curve dorsally and back towards the egg case (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC077B6FADFCCF10E9F" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Davis 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539931FFFC07385FA06CFA10DDB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385FA06C8900D23" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385FA06CD440EFA" bold="true" box="[199,353,1458,1484]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC07224FA07CE4A0EFB" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[358,623,1459,1485]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07224FA07CE4A0EFB" box="[358,623,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confirmed as occurring in the eastern North Pacific, specifically from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4F850931FFFC07397FA63CDBF0EC7" box="[213,410,1495,1521]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south to the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4F850931FFFC071CBFA63CEDE0EC7" box="[649,763,1495,1521]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC07048FA63CFFA0EC7" author="Kuhnz, L. A. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A." box="[778,991,1495,1521]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kuhnz
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0701CFA6CCFB30EC7" box="[862,918,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC070A9FA63C8B80EC7" author="Orr, J. W. & Stevenson, D. E. & Hanke, G. & Spies, I. B. & Boutillier, J. A. & Hoff, G. R." box="[1003,1181,1495,1521]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="37 - 47" refId="ref42096" refString="Orr, J. W., Stevenson, D. E., Hanke, G., Spies, I. B., Boutillier, J. A. & Hoff, G. R. (2019) Range extensions and new records from Alaska and British Columbia for two skates, Bathyraja spinosissima and Bathyraja microtrachys. Northwestern Naturalist, 100 (1), 37 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1898 / NWN 18 - 21" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Orr
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07758FA6CC8770EC7" box="[1050,1106,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It occurs at depths of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE145075931FFFC073D5FA4FCCF10D20" box="[151,212,1531,1558]" degrees="1,995" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="1.995">1,995</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE145075931FFFC07397FA4FCD010D20" box="[213,292,1531,1558]" degrees="3,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="-3.0">–3,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+ m and is fairly common below
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC071DAFA4FCED10D23" box="[664,756,1531,1557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC07040FA4FCFEF0D23" author="Kyne, P. M. & Carlson, J. K. & Ebert, D. A. & Fordham, S. V. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Graham, R. T. & Kulka, D. W. & Tewes, E. E. & Harrison, L. R. & Dulvy, N. K." box="[770,970,1531,1557]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref41119" refString="Kyne, P. M., Carlson, J. K., Ebert, D. A., Fordham, S. V., Bizzarro, J. J., Graham, R. T., Kulka, D. W., Tewes, E. E., Harrison, L. R. & Dulvy, N. K. (2012) The Conservation Status of North American, Central American, and Caribbean Chondrichthyans. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Vancouver, Canada, 148 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Kyne
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0700AFA48CFA50D23" box="[840,896,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC07096FA4FC88C0D23" author="Kuhnz, L. A. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A." box="[980,1193,1531,1557]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kuhnz
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07764FA48C87B0D23" box="[1062,1118,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385F9AAC9630DB7" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385F9AACDA40D0F" bold="true" box="[199,385,1566,1593]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. According to material examined,
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07043F9ABCF290D0F" bold="true" box="[769,780,1567,1593]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">s</emphasis>
|
||
ize at maturity for males is at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC077CFF9ABC8DE0D0F" box="[1165,1275,1567,1594]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="69.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="64.0">64–75 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC07614F9ABCC9C0D6B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60–70 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL for females. Males grow to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC07160F9F7CE4D0D6B" box="[546,616,1603,1630]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL. Size at birth is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC070D3F9F7CFF30D6B" box="[913,982,1603,1629]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC0774CF9F7C8BD0D6B" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1038,1176,1603,1629]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Little is known about the diets of this species, other than notes that indicate that they consume deep-water shrimps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC077F3F9D3C91F0DB7" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1201,1338,1639,1665]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385F93ECFA10DDB" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385F93ECD060D92" bold="true" box="[199,291,1674,1700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Inhabits perhaps the deepest waters of any Bathyrajid in the ENP and specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC0761DF938CD0F0DFF" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0761DF938C9520D93" box="[1375,1399,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC073D5F91BCD0F0DFF" box="[151,298,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed as deep as
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57931FFFC07120F91BCEE40DFF" box="[610,705,1711,1737]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.321" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="3321.0">3,321 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC07190F91BCF950DFF" author="Kuhnz, L. A. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A." box="[722,944,1711,1737]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kuhnz
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0706AF904CF460DFF" box="[808,867,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reported to prefer low temperature, high oxygen environments compared to congeners (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931FFFC071E0F967CF5C0DDB" author="Kuhnz, L. A. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A." box="[674,889,1747,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kuhnz
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC071B4F960CF0B0DDB" box="[758,814,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539931FFFC27385F943CEDD09B3" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385F943CF220C03" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385F943CD6B0C27" bold="true" box="[199,334,1783,1809]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was named after the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07043F94CCF640C27" box="[769,833,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">micro</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning small, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0776EF943C85B0C27" box="[1068,1150,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">trachys</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning spine, referring to the uniform fine prickles covering the dorsal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931FFFC07385F88ACE4D0CDF" blockId="36.[151,1437,1242,2031]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07385F88ACD430C6E" bold="true" box="[199,358,1854,1880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC07236F88BCE5B0C6F" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[372,638,1855,1881]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC07236F88BCE5B0C6F" box="[372,638,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC070D5F8F4C8600C6F" baseAuthorityName="Beebe & Tee-Van" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[919,1093,1856,1881]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC070D5F8F4C8600C6F" box="[919,1093,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. spinosissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is much larger and has a pale coloration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC0721DF8D7CE690C4B" box="[351,588,1891,1917]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC0721DF8D7CE690C4B" box="[351,588,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathyraja abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC071C0F8D0CEDF0C4B" box="[642,762,1891,1917]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC071C0F8D0CEDF0C4B" box="[642,762,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also larger-bodied species compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC077A6F8D0C9B30C4B" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[1252,1430,1891,1917]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC077A6F8D0C9B30C4B" box="[1252,1430,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both possess middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns, traits that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931FFFC070E5F83CC8780C97" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[935,1117,1927,1953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931FFFC070E5F83CC8780C97" box="[935,1117,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks. Moreover, precaudal length shows significant differences between all of its congeners, with other species having significantly longer or shorter lengths (F
|
||
<subScript id="17A434F7931FFFC0721FF855CDA70CD9" attach="left" box="[349,386,2017,2031]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">6,104</subScript>
|
||
= 10.2, p <0.0001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A931EFFC173D5FBBECF1A0F70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601334/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1034,1058]" targetBox="[662,972,192,1002]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931EFFC173D5FBBECF1A0F70" blockId="37.[151,1436,1034,1094]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931EFFC173D5FBBECD050F14" bold="true" box="[151,288,1034,1058]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
|
||
Components of the clasper for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931EFFC17122FBBECF8C0F14" authority=", Bmicro" authorityName="Bmicro" box="[608,937,1034,1058]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931EFFC17122FBBECF750F14" box="[608,848,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
, Bmicro
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
10.30.09-2, 675 mm TL, mature male. CL- cleft, PR- pseudorhipidion, PS- pseudosiphon. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A931EFFC173D5F80ECCC50CC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601336/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1978,2002]" targetBox="[225,1361,1118,1932]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931EFFC173D5F80ECCC50CC0" blockId="37.[151,1436,1978,2038]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931EFFC173D5F80ECD040CE4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1978,2002]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view X-radiograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931EFFC1711FF80ECFA90CE4" authority=", CAS" authorityName="CAS" box="[605,908,1978,2002]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931EFFC1711FF80ECF6B0CE4" box="[605,846,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
, CAS
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
243652, mature female. X-radiograph by Jon Fong (CAS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931DFFC27385FF23CF2E0A2B" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC27385FF23CD930B86" box="[199,438,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27385FF23CD930B86" box="[199,438,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bathyraja interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC272B5FF23CE5B0B87" box="[503,638,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC272B5FF23CE5B0B87" box="[503,638,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kincaidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC2705AFF23CFEA0B87" box="[792,975,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC2705AFF23CFEA0B87" box="[792,975,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their beige dorsal coloration with dark, irregular blotches and pale ventral coloration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC27075FF0FC8600BE3" box="[823,1093,187,213]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27075FF0FC8600BE3" box="[823,1093,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC273D5FF6BCD020BCE" box="[151,295,223,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC273D5FF6BCD020BCE" box="[151,295,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC27219FF6BCDFE0BCF" box="[347,475,223,249]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27219FF6BCDFE0BCF" box="[347,475,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kincaidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lack an interdorsal space in most specimens. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC277D6FF6BC9B80BCF" box="[1172,1437,223,249]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC277D6FF6BC9B80BCF" box="[1172,1437,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses shorter anterior and posterior pelvic fin lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931DFFC27385FE93CEDD09B3" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC272D3FE93CE610A77" box="[401,580,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC272D3FE93CE610A77" box="[401,580,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC2702DFE93CFD70A77" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[879,1010,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC2702DFE93CFD70A77" box="[879,1010,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can easily be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC273D5FEFFCD3D0A53" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,280,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC273D5FEFFCD3D0A53" box="[151,280,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on several characters. The coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC27063FEFFCFF60A53" box="[801,979,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27063FEFFCFF60A53" box="[801,979,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uniformly brown on the dorsal surface and white on the ventral surface. Dorsally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC271C8FEDBCF2B0ABF" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[650,782,367,393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC271C8FEDBCF2B0ABF" box="[650,782,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dark purple to dark grey and possesses a grey ventral surface that is characterized as possessing white blotches on the body, gills, mouth, and cloaca. When it comes to separation based on dermal denticles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC2717DFE03CED40AE7" box="[575,753,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC2717DFE03CED40AE7" box="[575,753,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has very fine dermal denticles on the dorsal surface and does not possess noticeably larger denticles on the tail region. This is compared to the large, rough dermal denticles found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC273F9FE4BCD18092F" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[187,317,511,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC273F9FE4BCD18092F" box="[187,317,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially for those found on the tail.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC271BBFE4BC821092F" box="[761,1028,511,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC271BBFE4BC821092F" box="[761,1028,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bathyraja microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a moderately shorter disc size than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC27243FD97CDA7090B" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[257,386,547,573]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27243FD97CDA7090B" box="[257,386,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does (disc length 41.5–51.1% TL and 28.7–56.7% TL, respectively). The interorbital width is noticeably longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC2723FFDF3CE0B0957" box="[381,558,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC2723FFDF3CE0B0957" box="[381,558,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than it is in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31931DFFC271F5FDF3CF1D0957" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[695,824,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC271F5FDF3CF1D0957" box="[695,824,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.5–8.1% TL and 3.7–5.6% TL, respectively) and is a feature that can be used to distinguish the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539931DFFC27385FD3BCDC709FB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2931DFFC27385FD3BCDC709FB" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27385FD3BCD11099F" bold="true" box="[199,308,655,681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimens observed by remotely operated vehicles were often found free swimming above the seafloor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43931DFFC27242FD07CDF309FB" author="Kuhnz, L. A. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A." box="[256,470,691,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref41058" refString="Kuhnz, L. A., Bizzarro, J. J. & Ebert, D. A. (2019) In situ observations of deep-living skates in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Research Part I, 152, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103104" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kuhnz
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0931DFFC27211FD07CDA909FB" box="[339,396,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |