398 lines
46 KiB
XML
398 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="CA7A9A5530ABFA722B18D929E434738F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239395" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732800132012" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ahmed, Soran H., Krupitsky, Anatoly V. & Majeed, Soma I." docDate="2024" docId="0387F018FFF5FFB9FF612AF5442FAA83" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5537.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5537 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Turanana cytis subsp. kurdistana Eckweiler 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="FFBE8860FFF4FFBBFFF62F12454CA968" masterDocTitle="Two lycaenid butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) recorded as new for the fauna of Iraq" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1732838044887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8B55EAAAAA3CEAF24FFAC48DAE894A10">
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<mods:title id="070EE15F9CF71B1B16D5DA42331C3FB9">Two lycaenid butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) recorded as new for the fauna of Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0251BA3347A969D2B53817D450ABD311">Ahmed, Soran H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="63E24D22DF28437AAA9CC76FDC601FD9">Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B425D414626F0892A21D69EF6558457">Krupitsky, Anatoly V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82F19C63C329E8982FC33CE818BB992C">Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 - 12, Moscow, 119192, Russia & Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA123C0B00791EB7E0CE1F68DD80B81">Majeed, Soma I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="730A0A2E7A4C1DF06B00C4BE1EAFA130">Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E98FA5DCA729DBE5F66A72DB04C2F57D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6348CECCEED416412D0D4780D7A4C1E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BAE7E49EAEF4263FD1E638A4A9F269E0">2024-11-07</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3341285FFF5FFBAFF612AF547EFAF68" box="[151,675,1510,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF612AF547EFAF68" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" box="[151,675,1510,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0D9F662FFF5FFBAFF612AF547EFAF68" bold="true" box="[151,675,1510,1537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFF612AF547EFAF68" authority="Eckweiler, 1984" authorityName="Eckweiler" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,675,1510,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cytis" subSpecies="kurdistana">
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFF612AF547EFAF68" bold="true" box="[151,675,1510,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFF612AF5449BAF69" bold="true" box="[151,471,1510,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Turanana cytis kurdistana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFE292AF447EFAF68" author="Eckweiler, W." box="[479,675,1510,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref1768" refString="Eckweiler, W. (1984) Eine neue Unterart von Turanana cytis (Christoph, 1877) aus Turkisch-Kurdistan (Lep., Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 5 (2 / 3), 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Eckweiler, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3341285FFF5FFBAFF61291E4591AFC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF61291E45ABAF4C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" box="[151,231,1548,1572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13155D8BFFF5FFBAFF69291E4593AF4C" box="[159,223,1548,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–5. 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1–5. 1. Callophrys paulae kolak Higgins, 1965, male on Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv. (Fabaceae), Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024 (photo by S. Ahmed). 2. Id., male on Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv. (Fabaceae), Iran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Kuhrang env., Asal Keshan Pass, 32°35′44.6″N 49°57′44.35″E 3300 m, 15.VII.2023 (photo by A. Krupitsky). 3. Id., female, Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024, S.H. Ahmed & S.I. Majeed leg. 4. Turanana cytis kurdistana Eckweiler, 1984, male, Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024, S.H. Ahmed & S.I. Majeed leg. 5. General view of the habitat (Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239397/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF61293940D0AF2A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" box="[151,1436,1579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<materialsCitation id="3B464B53FFF5FFBAFF61293940D4AF2A" box="[151,1432,1579,1603]" country="Iraq" county="Material" elevation="3077" latitude="36.747307" location="Halgurd Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.84689" municipality="Choman District" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arbil">
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||
<collectingCounty id="62F03982FFF5FFBAFF61293945BDAF2B" box="[151,241,1579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Material</collectingCounty>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D288A87FFF5FFBAFEF729394402AF2B" box="[257,334,1579,1603]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF5FFBAFEA8293944C5AF2A" box="[350,393,1579,1602]" name="Iraq" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF5FFBAFE6C29394716AF2B" box="[410,602,1579,1603]" country="Iraq" name="Arbil" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Erbil Governorate</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF5DB74FFF5FFBAFD9D29394650AF2B" box="[619,796,1579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Choman District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EF117D5FFF5FFBAFCDA293946BDAF2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387F018FFF5FFB9FF612AF5442FAA83:8EF117D5FFF5FFBAFCDA293946BDAF2B" box="[812,1009,1579,1603]" country="Iraq" county="Material" latitude="36.747307" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.84689" municipality="Choman District" name="Halgurd Mountain" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Arbil">Halgurd Mountain</location>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A27C9FFF5FFBAFBF7293941DDAF2B" box="[1025,1169,1579,1603]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" precision="1" seconds="50.3" value="36.747307">36°44’50.3”N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A27C9FFF5FFBAFB6B29394067AF2B" box="[1181,1323,1579,1603]" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" precision="1" seconds="48.8" value="44.84689">44°50’48.8”E</geoCoordinate>
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,,
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||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF5FFBAFAB5293940D4AF2A" box="[1347,1432,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.077" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="3077.0">
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<elevation id="0003A63DFFF5FFBAFAB5293940D4AF2A" box="[1347,1432,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.077" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="3077.0">3077 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF31295847CAAF09" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" box="[199,646,1609,1634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<date id="FF9067CEFFF5FFBAFF3129584471AF0A" box="[199,317,1610,1634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" value="2024-06-28">28.VI.2024</date>
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, S.H. Ahmed & S.I. Majeed leg.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF61297F4591AFC2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFF61297F44C6AFED" bold="true" box="[151,394,1645,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">General distribution:</emphasis>
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Western
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<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF5FFBAFE1B297C4757AFED" box="[493,539,1646,1669]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Iran</collectingCountry>
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||
, South-Eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF5FFBAFD35297F4643AFED" box="[707,783,1645,1669]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFCEA297F4686AFEE" author="Eckweiler, W." box="[796,970,1645,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref1768" refString="Eckweiler, W. (1984) Eine neue Unterart von Turanana cytis (Christoph, 1877) aus Turkisch-Kurdistan (Lep., Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 5 (2 / 3), 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Eckweiler 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFC23297F4181AFED" author="Hesselbarth, G. & Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S." box="[981,1229,1645,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref1868" refString="Hesselbarth, G., Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Turkei unter Berucksichtigung der angrenzenden Lander. Bd. 1. Verlag Wagener, Bocholt, 760 S." type="journal volume" year="1995">
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||
Hesselbarth
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFBAF297C41C3AFED" box="[1113,1167,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFB2E297F459DAFC2" author="Tshikolovets, V. & Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W." pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref2815" refString="Tshikolovets, V., Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W. (2014) The butterflies of Iran and Iraq. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 440 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Tshikolovets
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFA91297C40DAAFED" box="[1383,1430,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3341285FFF5FFB9FF3129A7442FAA83" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFBAFF3129A7404FAE36" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFF3129A74470AFA5" bold="true" box="[199,316,1717,1741]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFEB329A4472CAFA5" authorityName="Eckweiler" authorityYear="1984" box="[325,608,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cytis" subSpecies="kurdistana">
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFEB329A4472CAFA5" box="[325,608,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Turanana cytis kurdistana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily distinguished from the sole blue
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFB9F29A4406BAFA5" box="[1129,1319,1717,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFB9F29A4419DAFA5" box="[1129,1233,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Turanana</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabiting the region in question,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFE6729C84739AF9A" authority="(Freyer)" baseAuthorityName="Freyer" box="[401,629,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
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<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFE6729C84758AF99" box="[401,532,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">T. endymion</emphasis>
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(Freyer)
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</taxonomicName>
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, by wide blue fields bearing dark postdiscal spots on the dorsal side of the forewing of the male combined with reduced submarginal pattern lacking orange scales on the ventral side of both sexes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFF6828334401AE52" author="Eckweiler, W." box="[158,333,1825,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref1768" refString="Eckweiler, W. (1984) Eine neue Unterart von Turanana cytis (Christoph, 1877) aus Turkisch-Kurdistan (Lep., Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 5 (2 / 3), 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Eckweiler 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The sole known male specimen doesn’t differ both from the
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<typeStatus id="5495FFACFFF5FFBAFC122830415EAE52" box="[996,1042,1826,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">type</typeStatus>
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||
specimens from
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<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF5FFBAFB3C2833406CAE51" box="[1226,1312,1825,1849]" country="Turkey" name="Hakkari" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Hakkari</collectingRegion>
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depicted in
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFF612857441DAE36" author="Eckweiler, W." box="[151,337,1861,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref1768" refString="Eckweiler, W. (1984) Eine neue Unterart von Turanana cytis (Christoph, 1877) aus Turkisch-Kurdistan (Lep., Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 5 (2 / 3), 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Eckweiler (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFE73285747C1AE35" author="Hesselbarth, G. & Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S." box="[389,653,1861,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref1868" refString="Hesselbarth, G., Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Turkei unter Berucksichtigung der angrenzenden Lander. Bd. 1. Verlag Wagener, Bocholt, 760 S." type="journal volume" year="1995">
|
||
Hesselbarth
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||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFDFF28544774AE35" box="[521,568,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1995)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and from the Iranian specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFC07285741BBAE36" author="Tshikolovets, V. & Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W." box="[1009,1271,1861,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref2815" refString="Tshikolovets, V., Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W. (2014) The butterflies of Iran and Iraq. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 440 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Tshikolovets
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFB77285441FCAE35" box="[1153,1200,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF5FFB9FF31287B447AA80B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,2030]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1003]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFEC9287B44FAAEE9" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[319,438,1897,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFEC9287B44FAAEE9" box="[319,438,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Callophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by about 60 species distributed in the Holarctic region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFB4028784025AEEA" author="Pratt, G. F. & Ballmer, G. R. & Wright, D. M." box="[1206,1385,1897,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="205 - 222" refId="ref2481" refString="Pratt, G. F., Ballmer, G. R. & Wright, D. M. (2011) Allozyme-based phylogeny of North American Callophrys (s. l.) (Lycaenidae). The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 65 (4), 205 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.18473 / lepi. v 65 i 4. a 1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Pratt
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFB052878406FAEE9" box="[1267,1315,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFA83287844CBAECE" author="ten Hagen, W. & Miller, M. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="177 - 197" refId="ref2720" refString="ten Hagen, W. & Miller, M. A. (2010) Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen der palaarktischenArten des Genus Callophrys Billberg, 1820 mit Hilfe von mtDNA-COI-Barcodes und taxonomische Uberlegungen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 30 (4), 177 - 197." type="journal article" year="2010">Ten Hagen & Miller 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFE62289F4735AECE" author="Shapoval, N. A. & Yakovlev, R. V. & Kuftina, G. N. & Lukhtanov, V. A. & Knyazev, S. A. & Romanovich, A. E. & Krupitsky, A. V." box="[404,633,1933,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref2618" refString="Shapoval, N. A., Yakovlev, R. V., Kuftina, G. N., Lukhtanov, V. A., Knyazev, S. A., Romanovich, A. E. & Krupitsky, A. V. (2021) Identification of natural hybrids between Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1853) and Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Insects, 12 (12), 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12121124" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||
Shapoval
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFDF6289C477DAECD" box="[512,561,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFD70289F463EAECE" author="Krupitsky, A. & Skrylnyk, Y. & Pak, O." box="[646,882,1933,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="332 - 340" refId="ref2296" refString="Krupitsky, A., Skrylnyk, Y. & Pak, O. (2022) A new species of the Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) group from Afghanistan (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 68 (4), 332 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2022.2145798" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Krupitsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFD0F289C4666AECD" box="[761,810,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF5FFBAFC89289F4120AECE" author="Krupitsky A. & Shapoval N. & Shapoval G." box="[895,1132,1933,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref2359" refString="Krupitsky A., Shapoval N. & Shapoval G. (2023) DNA barcoding of the Palaearctic elfin butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with a description of four new species from Vietnam. Insects, 14 (4), 352. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 14040352" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Krupitsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFC04289C416FAECD" box="[1010,1059,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Western Palaearctic
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF5FFBAFF6128A345ABAEA1" box="[151,231,1969,1993]" country="Iraq" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 17 species of the so-called “green
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFDA928A3479AAEA1" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[607,726,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFDA928A3479AAEA1" box="[607,726,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Callophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” species, members of the currently considered nominate subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF5FFBAFF6128C74442AE85" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,270,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF5FFBAFF6128C74442AE85" box="[151,270,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Callophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are recorded. Of them, 12 species are known from the Iranian Plateau, which is believed to be the biodiversity center of this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FE8C2F8A47D5A9D8" author="ten Hagen, W. & Miller, M. A." box="[378,665,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="177 - 197" refId="ref2720" refString="ten Hagen, W. & Miller, M. A. (2010) Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen der palaarktischenArten des Genus Callophrys Billberg, 1820 mit Hilfe von mtDNA-COI-Barcodes und taxonomische Uberlegungen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 30 (4), 177 - 197." type="journal article" year="2010">Ten Hagen & Miller 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FD532F8A4618A9D8" author="ten Hagen, W." box="[677,852,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref2773" refString="ten Hagen, W. (2012) Beschreibung neuer Unterarten des Genus Callophrys Billberg, 1820 aus Iran (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 33 (2 / 3), 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="2012">ten Hagen 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FC962F854107A9D8" author="Krupitsky, A. & Skrylnyk, Y. & Pak, O." box="[864,1099,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="332 - 340" refId="ref2296" refString="Krupitsky, A., Skrylnyk, Y. & Pak, O. (2022) A new species of the Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) group from Afghanistan (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 68 (4), 332 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2022.2145798" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Krupitsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FC242F8A414EA9C7" box="[978,1026,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FB8A2F8A41E6A9C7" box="[1148,1194,152,175]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two species from this genus are recorded so far:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FE582FAE47E0A9BB" authority="Zhdanko" authorityName="Zhdanko" box="[430,684,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danchenkoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FE582FAE470BA9BB" box="[430,583,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">C. danchenkoi</emphasis>
|
||
Zhdanko
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FD292FAE41EBA9BC" authority="(Linnaeus) (Kemal & Kocak 2018)" authorityName="Kemal & Kocak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[735,1191,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FD292FAE4665A9BB" box="[735,809,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">C. rubi</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FC462FA941ECA9BC" author="Kemal, M. & Kocak, A. O." box="[944,1184,187,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="114 - 208" refId="ref1952" refString="Kemal, M. & Kocak, A. O. (2018) A synonymous and distributional list of the Lepidoptera of Iraq based on the infosystems of the Cesa. Priamus, 17 (2), 114 - 208." type="journal article" year="2018">Kemal & Koçak 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another species of the genus widely distributed in adjacent regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FD622FCD47ACA99F" box="[660,736,223,247]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FCE32FF2460FA99F" box="[789,835,224,247]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FCBB2FF2411EA990" authority="Pfeiffer, 1932" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1932" box="[845,1106,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FCBB2FF246FAA99F" box="[845,950,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">C. paulae</emphasis>
|
||
Pfeiffer, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has never been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FF612E164589A873" box="[151,197,260,283]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is endemic to the South-Western Asian mountains from Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FC512E11414FA873" box="[935,1027,259,283]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Transcaucasia, Zagros, Alborz and Kopet Dagh Mts. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FE962E354700A857" author="Krupitsky, A. V. & Pljushtch, I. G. & Pak, O. V." box="[352,588,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="281 - 286" refId="ref2230" refString="Krupitsky, A. V., Pljushtch, I. G. & Pak, O. V. (2015) A new species of the Callophrys paulae Pfeiffer, 1932 species group from Afghanistan (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa, 4027 (2), 281 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4027.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Krupitsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FE222E3A4748A857" box="[468,516,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FD252E354653A857" box="[723,799,295,319]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FC452E3A46ADA857" box="[947,993,296,319]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is represented by the subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FA942E3540D0A857" box="[1378,1436,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">kolak</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FF612E59447EA80B" author="Higgins, L. G." box="[151,306,331,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="10 - 12" refId="ref1930" refString="Higgins, L. G. (1965) Five new butterflies. The Entomologist, 98, 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1965">Higgins, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF6FFB9FF312E7D4591A89C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FECB2E6244E9A8EF" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1916" box="[317,421,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FECB2E6244E9A8EF" box="[317,421,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turanana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by about 20 species distributed mostly in South-Western and Central Asia, with only three species known from Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FDA62E8147D0A8C3" box="[592,668,403,427]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FCC02E86462DA8C3" box="[822,865,404,427]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FC842E814139A8C3" author="Hesselbarth, G. & Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S." box="[882,1141,403,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref1868" refString="Hesselbarth, G., Oorschot, H. van & Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Turkei unter Berucksichtigung der angrenzenden Lander. Bd. 1. Verlag Wagener, Bocholt, 760 S." type="journal volume" year="1995">
|
||
Hesselbarth
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FC0D2E864161A8C3" box="[1019,1069,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FB752E8140DDA8C4" author="Tshikolovets, V. & Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W." box="[1155,1425,403,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref2815" refString="Tshikolovets, V., Naderi, A. & Eckweiler, W. (2014) The butterflies of Iran and Iraq. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 440 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Tshikolovets
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FAE32E86400BA8C3" box="[1301,1351,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the published data, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FDD52EAA471DA8A7" box="[547,593,440,463]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this genus is represented by a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FBA42EAA4595A89C" authority="(Kemal & Kocak 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Kemal & Kocak" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FBA42EAA419BA8A7" box="[1106,1239,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">T. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FB112EA5459DA89C" author="Kemal, M. & Kocak, A. O." pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="114 - 208" refId="ref1952" refString="Kemal, M. & Kocak, A. O. (2018) A synonymous and distributional list of the Lepidoptera of Iraq based on the infosystems of the Cesa. Priamus, 17 (2), 114 - 208." type="journal article" year="2018">Kemal & Koçak 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF6FFB9FF312EED472BABA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FE802D124492AB7F" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1932" box="[374,478,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FE802D124492AB7F" box="[374,478,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">C. paulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FE082D124765AB7F" box="[510,553,512,535]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
is expected, following its distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FC2A2D12414BAB7F" box="[988,1031,512,535]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FBCF2EED41C9AB7F" box="[1081,1157,511,535]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
close to Iraqi borders (see distribution map in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FE9F2D314759AB53" author="Krupitsky A. V." box="[361,533,547,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="157 - 159" refId="ref2170" refString="Krupitsky A. V. (2016) New data on distribution of Eumaeini hairstreaks (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) in Iran. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, 12 (1), 157 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.23885 / 1814 - 3326 - 2016 - 12 - 1 - 157 - 159" type="journal article" year="2016">Krupitsky 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FDD12D364672AB53" authorityName="Eckweiler" authorityYear="1984" box="[551,830,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Turanana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cytis" subSpecies="kurdistana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FDD12D364672AB53" box="[551,830,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turanana cytis kurdistana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the Zagros Mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FB042D364051AB53" box="[1266,1309,548,571]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
and several localities in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF6FFB9FEEE2D554422AB37" box="[280,366,583,607]" country="Turkey" name="Hakkari" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Hakkari</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF6FFB9FE562D5A4485AB37" box="[416,457,584,607]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FDAF2D5547E5AB37" box="[601,681,583,607]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
; therefore, this record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FC262D5A46B7AB37" box="[976,1019,584,607]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
expands the distribution of this species by more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FEDB2D7E44CEABEB" box="[301,386,619,644]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
. Both species were observed at midday actively flying and feeding nectar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FB332D7940D0ABEB" box="[1221,1436,619,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Onobrychis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FB332D7940D0ABEB" box="[1221,1436,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Onobrychis cornuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Desv. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FEE22D9D4431ABCF" box="[276,381,655,679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FDBA2D8247B4ABCF" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1965" box="[588,760,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="paulae" subSpecies="kolak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FDBA2D8247B4ABCF" box="[588,760,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">C. paulae kolak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the alpine region of the Halgurd Mountain at an elevation above 3000 meters above sea level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13155D8BFFF6FFB9FDEF2DA14716ABA3" box="[537,602,691,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–5. 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1–5. 1. Callophrys paulae kolak Higgins, 1965, male on Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv. (Fabaceae), Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024 (photo by S. Ahmed). 2. Id., male on Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv. (Fabaceae), Iran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Kuhrang env., Asal Keshan Pass, 32°35′44.6″N 49°57′44.35″E 3300 m, 15.VII.2023 (photo by A. Krupitsky). 3. Id., female, Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024, S.H. Ahmed & S.I. Majeed leg. 4. Turanana cytis kurdistana Eckweiler, 1984, male, Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain, 36°44’50.3”N 44°50’48.8”E, 3077 m, 28.VI.2024, S.H. Ahmed & S.I. Majeed leg. 5. General view of the habitat (Iraq, Erbil Governorate, Choman District, Halgurd Mountain)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239397/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91410EFFF6FFB9FF312DC5442FAA83" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Alpine zones in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FE802DCA44EDAB87" box="[374,417,728,751]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
are restricted to a few ranges and only cover about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FC3A2DCA4150AB87" box="[972,1052,727,752]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C5BEC46FFF6FFB9FBEB2DC44169AB8C" attach="left" box="[1053,1061,726,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">2</superScript>
|
||
of the country, which is part of the Zagros Mountains forest steppe ecoregion; it is dominated by plants of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FBEE2DEE41DCAA7C" box="[1048,1168,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FB6D2DE9406BAA7B" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[1179,1319,763,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FAC42DE940D4AA7B" box="[1330,1432,763,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FF612C0D4441AA5F" box="[151,269,799,823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FEE12C0D448AAA5F" box="[279,454,799,823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plumbaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E3A8DFFF6FFB9FE0E2C3246D3AA5F" authority="(Ghazanfar & McDaniel 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar & McDaniel" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[504,927,799,824]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Poaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FDAA2C0D46DBAA5F" author="Ghazanfar, S. A. & McDaniel, T." box="[604,919,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref1812" refString="Ghazanfar, S. A. & McDaniel, T. (2016) Floras of the Middle East: A quantitative analysis and biogeography of the flora of Iraq. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 73 (1), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428615000244" type="journal article" year="2016">Ghazanfar & McDaniel 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Species of these families are host plants, source of nectar or shelter for various lycaenid species. Previous studies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FC9B2C5646D4AA33" box="[877,920,836,859]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
were mainly focused on lower elevations below
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FF612C7A45A6AA17" box="[151,234,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., with the maximum elevation surveyed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF6FFB9FD0A2C7546D9AA17" box="[764,917,871,895]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FC4C2C7A4141AA17" box="[954,1037,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (Zewe), followed by
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF6FFB9FACE2C7540CDAA17" box="[1336,1409,871,895]" country="Iraq" name="Dihok" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Dohuk</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FF612C9E45A5AACB" box="[151,233,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="1720.0">1720 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (Gara Mountain), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA8FECFFF6FFB9FDEF2C994702AACB" box="[537,590,907,931]" country="Iraq" name="Hewler" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Erbil</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6ECEBFFF6FFB9FD862C99478DAACB" box="[624,705,907,931]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="1325.0">1325 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (Dole Sakran) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FC502C994137AACC" author="Othman, H. D. & Cifteci, M. C. & Seven, E." box="[934,1147,907,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="120 - 124" refId="ref2415" refString="Othman, H. D., Cifteci, M. C. & Seven, E. (2018) Studies on the fauna of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) of Erbil Province (Northern Iraq). Turkiye Tarimsal Arastirmalar Dergisi, 5 (2), 120 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.19159 / tutad. 369079" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Othman
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FBF32C9E4178AACB" box="[1029,1076,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FB702C99407EAACC" author="Said, N. T. & Ciftci, M. C. & Seven, E." box="[1158,1330,907,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="637 - 644" refId="ref2554" refString="Said, N. T., Ciftci, M. C. & Seven, E. (2018) A Preliminary list of Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) from Duhok (Northern Iraq). Transactions of the American entomological Society, 144 (3), 637 - 644. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.144.0313" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Said
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FB4A2C9E41A0AACB" box="[1212,1260,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FACB2C994583AAA0" author="Khudhur, F. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="597 - 600" refId="ref2063" refString="Khudhur, F. A. (2021) New records of two butterflies of the genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 (subgenus Agrodiaetus Hubner, 1822) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Iraq. Zootaxa, 5061 (3), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.3.13" type="journal article" year="2021">Khudhur 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FF2D2CA24458AAA0" author="Khudhur, F. A." box="[219,276,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref2122" refString="Khudhur, F. A. (2022) Faunistic study of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan-Iraq. Biodiversity Data Journal, 10, e 82612. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 10. e 82612" type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF3CFFFFF6FFB9FED62CBD474CAAA0" author="Khudhur, F. A. & Fric, Z. F. & Hula, V. & Jaber, F. N." box="[288,512,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref1995" refString="Khudhur, F. A., Fric, Z. F., Hula, V. & Jaber, F. N. (2024) Additional records of lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) to the butterfly fauna of Iraq. Zootaxa, 5458 (2), 293 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5458.2.8" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Khudhur
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A9D1CFFF6FFB9FE712CA244FBAAAF" box="[391,439,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, further study on the subalpine and subalpine regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339019EFFF6FFB9FB1E2CA2405FAAAF" box="[1256,1299,944,967]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
is necessary and recommended.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |