558 lines
64 KiB
XML
558 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="806435B9008AD58586FBE81B60B062B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1735917000942" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DE56941E9F6A7AABFC032680BEA7B606">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E69FC8922DE6947BC7F1C51A4783AC1">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E58BA2579AD3791CB9508076DFE3F770">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3B2FD784D899C9C01A7229DC06A6B836">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D7F8030907420B23274F9A0A02C3C69">4118</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2685F18D4D9D2ED9DA2A569024C38172">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="67FB2ADB6CCA40C62A6624A5C50C72FB" type="CLB-Dataset">38930</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A4FB43F24049104B43CB43BB38EE6BC4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086450" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" scope_family="Nymphalidae" scope_subFamily="Satyrinae" scope_tribe="Satyrini">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EB72DBAFBDF21A7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EB72DBAFD5321C6" blockId="71.[151,1036,151,211]" box="[151,640,151,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0D941484C31C6101EB72DBAFD5321C6" bold="true" box="[151,640,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EB72DBAFD5321C6" bold="true" box="[151,640,151,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101EB72DBAFDC621C6" authority="Lees" authorityName="Lees" box="[151,533,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EB72DBAFE0021C5" bold="true" box="[151,467,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Heteropsis menamenoides</emphasis>
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Lees
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C31C6101C022DB5FD5321C6" box="[546,640,152,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EB72D96FBDF21A7" blockId="71.[151,1036,151,211]" box="[151,1036,186,211]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D2FCD726-B198-484F-846C-B5229FE174E0</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EB72C2FFC81206F" box="[151,850,258,283]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EB72C2FFC81206F" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" box="[151,850,258,283]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EB72C2FFE84206F" bold="true" box="[151,343,258,283]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Prior references</emphasis>
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||
: sp. 62 (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101F982C2EFDE3206F" author="Lees" box="[440,560,259,283]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101C1C2C2EFCDF206F" author="Torres" box="[572,780,258,283]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
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||
Torres
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||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101CAA2C29FD1A206F" box="[650,713,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 462).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EE72C0BFDE423C6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EE72C0BFAE920FE" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72C0BFD0F204B" bold="true" box="[199,732,294,319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<typeStatus id="549548864C31C6101EE72C0BFED1204B" box="[199,258,294,319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
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material.,
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||
<typeStatus id="549548864C31C6101FA52C0BFE27204B" box="[389,500,294,319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, deposition
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101CA52C0BFD0F204B" box="[645,732,294,319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: ♂ (
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<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C31C6101D322C0BFCB6204B" box="[786,869,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[290,1282,340,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[270,1317,337,1750]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. (Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK 010289153). B: LT ♂ of Culapa laetifica Oberthür, 1916, (‘ Antakares’; BMNH (E) # 674741). C: LT ♂ of C. laeta Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antakares’; BMNH (E) # 675416). D: LT ♂ of Mycalesis maeva Mabille, 1877 (‘ MadagascarNW’; BMNH (E) # 673788). Scale bar: 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264618/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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||
A),
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||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101DB12C0BFBCB204B" box="[913,1048,294,319]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, 950 [880] m, [
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101F152C63FE7F2012" box="[309,428,330,358]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="5" value="-14.0487">14.0487o S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101F982C60FDE92011" box="[440,570,330,358]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="48.29495">48.29495o E</geoCoordinate>
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+/-
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<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101C482C60FD152012" box="[616,710,333,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101CF12C60FCA62011" box="[721,885,333,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m +/- 50 m</quantity>
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],
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<date id="FF90D0E44C31C6101DA82C60FBDF2012" box="[904,1036,333,358]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1994-12-15">15/12/1994</date>
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: 09:50, D.C. Lees:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101AC32C60FA972012" box="[1251,1348,333,358]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DLBEK</collectionCode>
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94_160; KAP16 [=KA-P16
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<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101F4F2C5FFE7F20FE" box="[367,428,370,394]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DNA</collectionCode>
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extract voucher], IA312 [isotope voucher],
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101DB92C5CFBD020FE" box="[921,1027,369,394]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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||
010289153 [
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||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101AAE2C5FFB1A20FE" box="[1166,1225,370,394]" name="Qatar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EE72CB5FDE423C6" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72CB5FDFC20C5" bold="true" box="[199,559,408,433]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<typeStatus id="549548864C31C6101EE72CB5FE9020C5" box="[199,323,408,433]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101FF82CB5FDFC20C5" box="[472,559,408,433]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂, NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101A2F2CB5FB8A20C4" box="[1039,1113,408,432]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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, [
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101A4D2CB5FB2220C4" box="[1133,1265,405,433]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="-14.05135">14.05135o S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101ADF2CB5FAA020C4" box="[1279,1395,405,432]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="5" value="48.2937">48.2937o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101EB72C91FF2620A1" box="[151,245,444,469]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101F212C90FE4420A0" box="[257,407,444,469]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="750.0">800 +/- 50 m</quantity>
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],
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<date id="FF90D0E44C31C6101F8B2C91FDFE20A1" box="[427,557,444,469]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1994-12-16">16/12/1994</date>
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, D.C. Lees:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101C982C90FCCA20A1" box="[696,793,445,469]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DLBEK</collectionCode>
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94_179,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101D572C91FC4E20A1" box="[887,925,444,469]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
9639 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101DC22C90FBF120A1" box="[994,1058,445,469]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher], 0 443 [=
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101AD02C90FACB20A1" box="[1264,1304,445,469]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
0443;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101B402C90FA4E20A1" box="[1376,1437,445,469]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract number],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101F482CCDFE6C208C" box="[360,447,480,504]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #697857 [cytochrome b]; CCDB-02225-G03,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101A392CCDFBA2208D" box="[1049,1137,480,505]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BMAD</collectionCode>
|
||
075-09; HM40425 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101B7C2CCCFA4F208D" box="[1372,1436,481,505]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
barcode voucher], KA571, KA4084 [=KA-P571, KA-P4084;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101D782F28FC462369" box="[856,917,517,541]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract numbers]; ♂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C31C6101AB42F29FB342369" box="[1172,1255,516,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[234,1357,184,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[220,1368,169,1871]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov., ♂ genitalia (‘ Mahassabe’; 362 DL) (detail of valve inset; drawing modified after Lees, 1997: 106); not to scale. B: ♂ genitalia of Ht. lanyvary. (left: DL- 05 - 761; right: DL- 05 - 845). C: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis barbarae sp. nov. (Antsamanarana R., Masoala; CK 30, 141 DL). D: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. (Mt. Bekolosy; DLBEK 94 _ 180; 231 DL). Scale bar: 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264615/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101B352F29FA4F2369" box="[1301,1436,516,541]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101C332F06FD882337" box="[531,603,555,579]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="890.0">890 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101C462F06FD3B2337" box="[614,744,551,580]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="-14.04936">14.04936o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101CD42F06FC8A2337" box="[756,857,551,579]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="55" value="48.294">48.294o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101DA72F06FC362330" box="[903,997,555,580]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101DD02F06FB512337" box="[1008,1154,555,580]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="890.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="830.0">890 +/- 60 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C31C6101AAD2F06FAC32330" box="[1165,1296,555,580]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1994-12-15">15/12/1994</date>
|
||
, 10:59, D.C. Lees:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101EC02F62FE922313" box="[224,321,591,615]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DLBEK</collectionCode>
|
||
94_180, 231
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101FED2F62FE272313" box="[461,500,591,615]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
(genitalia),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101CA62F62FD0E2313" box="[646,733,591,615]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #1053956; ♂, NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101B692F63FA442313" box="[1353,1431,590,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="925.0">925 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101EB72F5BFECB23FA" box="[151,280,626,654]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="-14.04894">14.04894o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101F0D2F58FE7223FA" box="[301,417,626,654]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="5" value="48.2945">48.2945o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101FC02F58FD9423FA" box="[480,583,629,654]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101C7B2F58FCD423FA" box="[603,775,629,654]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="9.75" metricValueMin="8.75" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="925.0" valueMax="975.0" valueMin="875.0">925 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C31C6101D3B2F5BFC4D23FA" box="[795,926,630,654]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1994-12-13">13/12/1994</date>
|
||
, 09:56–11:15, D.C. Lees:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101AC42F5BFA9523FA" box="[1252,1350,630,654]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DLBEK</collectionCode>
|
||
94_181,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C31C6101EB72FB7FED223C6" box="[151,257,666,690]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289187 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101FAC2FB7FE1423C6" box="[396,455,666,690]" name="Qatar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EE72F90FD2B23A2" box="[199,760,701,726]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EE72F90FD2B23A2" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" box="[199,760,701,726]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72F90FE6D23A2" bold="true" box="[199,446,701,726]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Deposition summary</emphasis>
|
||
: BMNH (HT ♂, 3 PT ♂♂).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EE72FC9FF6E2254" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EE72FC9FF6E2254" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72FC9FEB62389" bold="true" box="[199,357,740,765]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C31C6101EE72FC9FED12389" box="[199,258,740,765]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101F4C2FC9FE202389" box="[364,499,740,765]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101D592FC9FC102388" box="[889,963,740,765]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101DF52FC9FB9F2389" box="[981,1100,737,765]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="5" value="-14.0465">14.0465o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C31C6101A792FC8FB712388" box="[1113,1186,737,765]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="5555" value="48.3">48.3o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101AF22FC8FAF02389" box="[1234,1315,740,765]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="0.2">0.2 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C31C6101B0E2FC9FF612254" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1020.0" valueMin="880.0">950 +/-70 m</quantity>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C6101EE72E01FCFF2760" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C6101EE72E01FCFF2760" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72E01FE922231" bold="true" box="[199,321,812,837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101F692E00FDC02231" box="[329,531,813,837]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101F692E00FDC02231" box="[329,531,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Heteropsis maeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar on the dorsal wing surface. In Asia, a group that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101B012E01FE49221D" authority="Moore, 1858" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mydosama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anapita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101B012E01FF3E221C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mydosama anapita</emphasis>
|
||
(Moore, 1858)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101F862E7CFD38221D" authority="Moore, 1881" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" box="[422,747,849,873]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mydosama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101F862E7CFD93221C" box="[422,576,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
(Moore, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101D032E7CFBFD221D" authority="Eliot (1869)" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1869" box="[803,1070,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mydosama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101D032E7CFC4D221C" box="[803,926,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. patiana</emphasis>
|
||
Eliot (1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Brattström
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101ACA2E7CFAF0221D" box="[1258,1315,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014) are superficially similar on both surfaces. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101CE72E5BFC9D22F8" box="[711,846,885,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mydosama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anapita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101CE72E5BFC9D22F8" box="[711,846,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. anapita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101DCA2E59FA4F22F9" authority="Mabille 1877" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[1002,1436,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101DCA2E59FB3422F9" box="[1002,1255,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycalesis menamena</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101E892EB5FEEA22C5" box="[169,313,920,945]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
”; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101FA22EB5FDFC22C5" author="d'Abrera" box="[386,559,920,945]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 186 for a photograph) is a synonym according to Lees
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101AED2EB4FAC222C5" box="[1229,1297,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
(2003),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101B592EB4FEEE22A1" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101B592EB4FEEE22A1" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dark orange Mb and Smb ventrally, with contiguous pale yellow shading distad to the Mb, and dark orange somewhat triangular blotches distal to that. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101DE22ECCFB45228D" box="[962,1174,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101DE22ECCFB45228D" box="[962,1174,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the space-CuA1 ocellus is expressed as typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101C6B292BFD1C2569" box="[587,719,1028,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101C6B292BFD1C2569" box="[587,719,1028,1053]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, and the HW margin is less crenulated, whereas in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101EB72905FEB42534" box="[151,359,1064,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anapita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EB72905FEB42534" box="[151,359,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycalesis anapita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, a full complement of ocelli are expressed, especially on the HWV. Within the ‘true’
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101EB72961FED72511" box="[151,260,1100,1125]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
mycalesine fauna, the upperside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101C902963FC572511" box="[688,900,1100,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101C902963FC572511" box="[688,900,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101AA02963FB242511" box="[1152,1271,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101AA02963FB242511" box="[1152,1271,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. maeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to which the species is apparently closely related, and shares a smooth HW margin, but differs by a much lighter and more uneven orange colouration on both wing surfaces, whereas the HW-crenulate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101A2629BBFB4A25D9" box="[1030,1177,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101A2629BBFB4A25D9" box="[1030,1177,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known from the northwest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101F112995FE6925A5" box="[305,442,1208,1233]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has a almost entirely mid brown dorsal wing colouration. Among the only other distinctly ‘orange’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101F5529F0FE3E2580" box="[373,493,1245,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101F5529F0FE3E2580" box="[373,493,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in both sexes) known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101D6F29F1FC002581" box="[847,979,1244,1269]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C31C6101A3429F1FB522581" box="[1044,1153,1244,1269]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
Region complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101B5929F3FE18246D" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101B5929F3FED3246C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. narcissus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101F30282DFE10246D" author="Fabricius" box="[272,451,1280,1305]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="ICZN (2015) Opinion 2359 (Case 3573): Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 (currently Heteropsis narcissus; Lepidoptera, NYMPHALIDAE): specific name conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72 (2), 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks ventral abdominal dark androconial scales in the ♂, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101A97282CFAEC246D" box="[1207,1343,1280,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101A97282CFAEC246D" box="[1207,1343,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. laetifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101B59282CFF1C2449" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101B59282CFF1C2449" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are similar in dorsal wing pattern, have them, but are paler yellow on underside. Orange ♀ forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101B59280BFF3F2415" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101B59280BFF3F2415" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. erebina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101F262865FDBB2415" authority="Oberthur 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[262,616,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101F262865FE652415" box="[262,438,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Culapa grandis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101F9E2865FDBB2415" author="Oberthur" box="[446,616,1352,1377]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101C8E2867FCED2415" box="[686,830,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antahala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101C8E2867FCED2415" box="[686,830,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. antahala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101D782865FB0B2415" authority="Mabille, 1884" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1884" box="[856,1240,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101D782865FBFF2415" box="[856,1068,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycalesis benacus</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’) (see, e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101B402864FF0024F1" author="Lees" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C31C6101F1F2841FE2324F1" author="d'Abrera" box="[319,496,1388,1413]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1997) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae, Satyridae. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne & London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1997">d’Abrera, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are also not confusable because the Mb shows through to the upperside more strongly and delineates an area just proximad of the space-CuA1 ocellus which is highlighted more contrastingly in paler orange.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101F14289BFE6624B9" box="[308,437,1460,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101F14289BFE6624B9" box="[308,437,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. erebina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101FCE289BFDAD24B9" box="[494,638,1460,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antahala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101FCE289BFDAD24B9" box="[494,638,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. antahala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to different clades with different wing shapes and particularly ventral wing patterning. In particular, none of these species have such a distinctly zigzagged orange Sml, that is especially characteristic of the FWV of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101C7528D3FCF62761" box="[597,805,1532,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101C7528D3FCF62761" box="[597,805,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C31C61E1EE72B0DFD702390" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C31C61F1EE72B0DFE0621A1" blockId="71.[151,1437,258,2025]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101EE72B0DFE7F274D" bold="true" box="[199,428,1568,1593]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description. Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: Upperside orange with wide darkish brown border along margin that widens from costa towards apex in FWD and that is more diffuse on HWD, narrowest at margin and broader at costa and tergal edge. Lighter orange is evident around space-M3 of FWD and HWD. Space-CuA1 ocellus expressed more strongly in FWD than in HWD; Orng not evident and black iris considerably smaller diameter than spacing of veins CuA1 and CuA2. Underside generally of lighter orange cast especially distad of Mb of central symmetry system, and there is a diffuse darker orange band running through arc of ocelli and a very wavy darker orange line before another darker orange Sml that closely tracks the margin on both wings; the margin is fairly smoothly cut and only very gently crenate. The dark orange Mb is relatively straight in the HWV and curves towards the tergal angle of the FWV, tergad of the space-CuA1 ocellus, which is very small in the HT. In FWV, Cbs delineated by two sets of approximately parallel darker orange transverse lines in the FWV cell area, not as evident as in the (anyway brown) species
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101ED22AA7FE4A26D5" box="[242,409,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C31C6101ED22AA7FE4626D5" box="[242,405,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">Ht. roussettae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Space-M2 ocellus as small white point surrounded by narrow black ring in FWV while space-CuA1 ocellus of HWV only slightly larger; no other ocelli expressed. Basal area strongly strigulated with darker orange lines in both wings, and PMb is more evident in the HWV than FWV.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C31C6101A682AFDFB6F269D" bold="true" box="[1096,1212,2000,2025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
♂♂ similar to each other, but seasonal variation has not been quantified, as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3EC61F1D1B2DB5FCB821C4" box="[827,875,152,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series were collected over a few adjacent days in mid December. ♀ unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3EC61F1EE72DF2FD1B2069" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1EE72DF2FEBF218C" bold="true" box="[199,364,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Wingspan/fwl</emphasis>
|
||
: range 36.2–45.5/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3EC61F1C1E2DF2FD312183" box="[574,738,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.215" metricValueMax="2.46" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="22.15" valueMax="24.6" valueMin="19.7">19.7–24.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 4 ♂♂); mean 39.4 +/- 5.3 SD/21.9 +/- 2.0 SD mm (n=4 ♂♂), including HT ♂ 36.2/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3EC61F1FEC2C29FDE22068" box="[460,561,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. ♀ unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF51A6AC4C3EC61F1EB72BC1FE6D2629" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264618/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" targetBox="[290,1282,340,1732]" targetPageId="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3EC61F1EB72BC1FE6D2629" blockId="72.[151,1436,1772,1885]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1EB72BC1FEF52675" bold="true" box="[151,294,1772,1794]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults in DV (left), VV (right).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1C812BC1FD602675" bold="true" box="[673,691,1772,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
|
||
: HT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3EC61F1D172BC0FB552676" authority="Lees" authorityName="Lees" box="[823,1158,1772,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1D172BC0FB942676" box="[823,1095,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Heteropsis menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
Lees
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C3EC61F1AB72BC1FB3D2675" box="[1175,1262,1772,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1AB72BC1FB3D2675" bold="true" box="[1175,1262,1772,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK010289153).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1F5F2A26FE432654" bold="true" box="[383,400,1803,1824]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
|
||
: LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3EC61F1FDD2A27FC992654" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[509,842,1802,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1FDD2A27FD702654" box="[509,675,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Culapa laetifica</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (‘Antakares’; BMNH(E) #674741).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1AEA2A27FB0F2654" bold="true" box="[1226,1244,1802,1824]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
|
||
: LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3EC61F1B6A2A26FEE2264B" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1B6A2A26FA4F2654" box="[1354,1436,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Antakares’; BMNH(E) #675416).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1C842A04FD65264A" bold="true" box="[676,694,1833,1854]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
|
||
: LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3EC61F1D3C2A04FB8D264B" authority="Mabille, 1877" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[796,1118,1833,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1D3C2A04FC1A264B" box="[796,969,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mycalesis maeva</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘MadagascarNW’; BMNH(E) #673788). Scale bar: 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3EC61E1EE72AA7FD2A206E" blockId="72.[151,1436,1930,2025]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3EC61F1EE72AA7FE8726D7" bold="true" box="[199,340,1930,1955]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Androconia</emphasis>
|
||
: black ventral abdominal patch between A3–A6 divided centrally by narrow yellow overlying scales, in potential contact with diffusely separated and slightly wavy androconial brush largely emanating from base of space-CuA2 before its fork with vein CuA1 and overlying veins 1A+2A and 3A; the latter symmetrically inflated before midlength in compact ‘tear’-shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1CF42DB5FC0921C4" author="Lees" box="[724,986,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lees, 1997: 97,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3FC61E1DA92DBAFC1921C4" box="[905,970,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[303,1292,195,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1307,177,1626]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) unless otherwise stated. A: depictions (‘ iconotypes’) of Gallienia alaokola Oberthür (1916) ♂, left (VV) and ♀, right (DV), representing Oberthür’s preference for the type specimens of this nominal species, both referred here to Ht. mabillei (Butler, 1879). B: designated LT ♂ of G. alaokola Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Fianarantsoa’; BMNH (E) 1717102). C: HT ♂ of Strabena mabillei Butler, 1879 (BMNH (E) 672624). Scale bar: 30 mm. D: ♂ abdomen of Oberthür collection specimen of Ht. mabillei (left, VV). E: PLT ♂ abdomen of G. alaokola (Fianarantsoa; BMNH (E) 672621) (right, VV)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264600/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas 1A+2A shows very restricted swelling towards the base of 1A. Fairly short and compact Sdb brownish at base and strongly light yellow towards tip overlying small Sdp with small underlying swelling in HW vein R towards end of cell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1AA82DF2FA5D2183" author="Lees" box="[1160,1422,222,247]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lees, 1997: 97,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3FC61E1B1C2DF3FAAE2183" box="[1340,1405,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[303,1292,195,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1307,177,1626]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) unless otherwise stated. A: depictions (‘ iconotypes’) of Gallienia alaokola Oberthür (1916) ♂, left (VV) and ♀, right (DV), representing Oberthür’s preference for the type specimens of this nominal species, both referred here to Ht. mabillei (Butler, 1879). B: designated LT ♂ of G. alaokola Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Fianarantsoa’; BMNH (E) 1717102). C: HT ♂ of Strabena mabillei Butler, 1879 (BMNH (E) 672624). Scale bar: 30 mm. D: ♂ abdomen of Oberthür collection specimen of Ht. mabillei (left, VV). E: PLT ♂ abdomen of G. alaokola (Fianarantsoa; BMNH (E) 672621) (right, VV)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264600/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); not described in detail here due to scarcity of material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72C09FAFB2014" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72C09FEDB2049" bold="true" box="[199,264,292,317]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Palps</emphasis>
|
||
: penultimate (medial) segment mainly yellow with a narrow medial dark brown streak, fringed by dark scales on outside face and by light yellow scales on inside face of palp; last segment similarly patterned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72C46FD702390" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72C46FE9D20F0" bold="true" box="[199,334,363,388]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">♂ genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: 231DL (DLBEK94_180;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3FC61E1CA82C46FD0820F7" box="[648,731,363,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[234,1357,184,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[220,1368,169,1871]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov., ♂ genitalia (‘ Mahassabe’; 362 DL) (detail of valve inset; drawing modified after Lees, 1997: 106); not to scale. B: ♂ genitalia of Ht. lanyvary. (left: DL- 05 - 761; right: DL- 05 - 845). C: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis barbarae sp. nov. (Antsamanarana R., Masoala; CK 30, 141 DL). D: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. (Mt. Bekolosy; DLBEK 94 _ 180; 231 DL). Scale bar: 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264615/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D, PT): from LV, tegumen broader dorsally and very angled proximad (scarcely any notch from DV), very narrow at hinge with vinculum; dorsal edge of tegumen forming a fairly straight line to uncus featuring fairly narrow and evenly deep ‘neck’ distad to hook-tip with distinct dorsal ‘head’ as fairly typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1FC82CFBFDA22099" box="[488,625,468,493]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1FC82CFBFDA22099" box="[488,625,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group; uncus quite strongly inflated before tip from DV. Gnathos particularly straight and tapering (but slightly sinuate from DV and inrecurved at tip), emanating from rounded base and in the specimen examined, transversing uncus at about 40 degrees. Valve with a long straight dorsal ‘shoulder’. Valve base leads without strong constriction to quite broad and flat valve arm covered in spinoid setae along entirety of fairly truncate tip, featuring a slight distal lobe (incurved from DV), with uncus hook-tip protruding to middle of extension of this truncate tip (from LV). Saccus not very long and aedeagus about same length as valve, strongly uprecurved from midlength and featuring a long proximad ostium, slightly bulbous at tip. Juxta somewhat ‘plate-lipped’ at proximad tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE72FC3FC562239" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72FC3FC562239" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72FC3FE9D2273" bold="true" box="[199,334,750,775]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
A direct reference to the quite superficial similarity of this new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1A8A2FC3FEE9225E" authority="Mabille, 1877" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1A8A2FC3FA4F2272" box="[1194,1436,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Mycalesis menamena</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1FA22E3CFDE4225E" author="d'Abrera" box="[386,567,785,810]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), supposedly from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1D002E3CFC74225E" box="[800,935,785,810]" name="Madagascar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
but actually a synonym of the SE Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1EB72E18FE192238" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" box="[151,458,820,845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anapita" subGenus="Mycalesis">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1E802E19FEC32239" box="[160,272,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Mycalesis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1F002E18FEA52238" box="[288,374,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">anapita</emphasis>
|
||
Moore
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [1858] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1C0F2E18FD7D2239" author="Lees" box="[559,686,821,845]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lees
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1CD62E1BFCE62239" box="[758,821,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE72E7AFEA625D9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72E7AFCC22554" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72E7AFE9F2204" bold="true" box="[199,332,855,880]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This distinctive species I first recognized in the field in
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3FC61E1DEC2E7AFBAC2204" box="[972,1151,855,880]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1994-12">December 1994</date>
|
||
at Bekolosy mountain in the RS Manongarivo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1F802E56FDF522E7" author="Lees" box="[416,550,891,915]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees: 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65). It was not detected in my 2011 expedition to the adjacent mountain Antsatrotro and no historic museum material is known. All relevant
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3FC61E1DB42EB2FC1C22C3" box="[916,975,927,951]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of the ‘orange’ species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1AD82EB3FAAC22C3" box="[1272,1407,926,951]" name="Madagascar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1EE12EEFFE9022AE" box="[193,323,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE12EEFFE9022AE" box="[193,323,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group were examined (see under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1CE42EEFFC8422AE" box="[708,855,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1CE42EEFFC8422AE" box="[708,855,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ht. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as the ♀ HT of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1A592EECFF1C2289" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1A592EECFAFA22AE" box="[1145,1321,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Culapa grandis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1B112EECFF1C2289" author="Oberthur" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(bearing labels “Nord-Madagascar (Antakares) Isokitra a Diego-Suarez
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3FC61E1A152EC9FAF92289" box="[1077,1322,996,1021]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1891-05" valueMax="1891-10-31" valueMin="1891-05-00">Mai a Octobre 1891</date>
|
||
E. & B. Perrot|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1EC0292AFE0B2554" authority="Obthr." authorityName="Obthr." box="[224,472,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Culapa grandis Obthr.</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3FC61E1FDA2925FDFE2554" box="[506,557,1032,1056]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
|
||
|[Copy of f. 3074]”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72906FEA625D9" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72906FD252530" bold="true" box="[199,758,1067,1092]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Additional information. DNA divergences:</emphasis>
|
||
COI-5P cluster number BOLD:AAE4113 (exemplar DLBEK94_179, BMAD075-09, HM404251). The DNA barcode is about 5.5% divergent to an undescribed species, sp. 28 (cluster number BOLD:AAE5458), and about 5.8% pairwise divergent to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1B05295FFA4F25FD" box="[1317,1436,1138,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1B05295FFA4F25FD" box="[1317,1436,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ht. tianae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BOLD:AAE4112).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE7299AFE0424D0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE7299AFC6B25A4" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,952,1207,1232]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE7299AFE3625A4" bold="true" box="[199,485,1207,1232]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Phylogeny/sister species</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown, new molecular study awaited.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE729F6FE252580" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,502,1243,1268]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE729F6FE252580" bold="true" box="[199,502,1243,1268]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE729D3FD88244E" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE729D3FEF02463" bold="true" box="[199,291,1278,1303]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: on a very steep slope with a fine leaved bamboo that was considered to be ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1AA029D2FB1F2462" box="[1152,1228,1279,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Nastus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1AA029D2FB1F2462" box="[1152,1228,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nastus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1AFC29D2FA482462" box="[1244,1435,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">manongarivensis</emphasis>
|
||
A. Camus, not necessarily the hostplant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72869FDA82429" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,635,1348,1373]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72869FE902429" bold="true" box="[199,323,1348,1373]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
: flies in the forest substory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE7284AFD7924F4" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,682,1383,1408]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE7284AFEEE24F4" bold="true" box="[199,317,1383,1408]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hostplant</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown, but possibly grasses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE728A6FE0424D0" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,471,1419,1444]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE728A6FE8B24D0" bold="true" box="[199,344,1419,1444]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Early stages</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE72883FC852779" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72883FEDD249E" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72883FE8A24B3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1454,1479]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: endemic as far as is known to Mt. Bekolosy, Reserve Speciale de Manongarivo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3FC61E1ACE2883FA9324B3" box="[1262,1344,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.264627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
C, slateblue dots).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE728D9FC852779" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,854,1524,1549]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE728D9FE4A2779" bold="true" box="[199,409,1524,1549]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Elevational range</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3FC61E1F8828D9FDEB2778" box="[424,568,1524,1549]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.175" metricValueMax="10.35" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="917.5" valueMax="1035.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1035 m</quantity>
|
||
. (n=8 incl. observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE72B3AFE862703" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72B3AFE862703" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72B3AFEA32744" bold="true" box="[199,368,1559,1584]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
one of the mycalesines with the smallest known ranges in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1A632B3AFB1F2744" box="[1091,1228,1559,1584]" name="Madagascar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and likely to be confined to a narrow ‘ecotonal’ bioclimate. The four known specimens were found on a steep ridge in a radius of less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3FC61E1EDF2B72FE822703" box="[255,337,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="km" value="0.2">0.2 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EE72BACFDD727ED" box="[199,516,1665,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72BACFDD727ED" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1690]" box="[199,516,1665,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72BACFE6A27EE" bold="true" box="[199,441,1665,1690]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |