676 lines
70 KiB
XML
676 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="FEE717E331F95AD0D6D188A20F29F75B" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2015n2a5" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4535125" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0117CBA4-4CE0-4431-B5F6-721F998C72C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613058030568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Fosse, Philippe, Fernandez, Philippe & Antoine, Pierre-Olivier" docDate="2015" docId="038087D7FFFBFF80FC97FA9DFDF530E8" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.37.2.237-266.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 37 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2015n2a5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD.3:Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Coelodonta antiquitatis " docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="259" masterDocId="FFB9FFAFFFE8FF96FFEEFFAEFFA53307" masterDocTitle="Large mammals of Fouvent-Saint-Andoche (Haute-Saône, France): a glimpse into a Late Pleistocene hyena den" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698870744442" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="70E86DADCCD041BD8B30F5491BE5ED7B">Large mammals of Fouvent-Saint-Andoche (Haute-Saône, France): a glimpse into a Late Pleistocene hyena den</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46A84266CA9F3FE240BEFC3CDC0D395D">Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="477106C834B2E910087C23330139EA9B">Fosse, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB836DA57CAB128443203D1800E6187F">Fernandez, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC6CD135C8B2D467E5195766A3932014">Antoine, Pierre-Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87112D5ECD86C2E0EF39D68D26721C5B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D00CBF16F7917DA35D8937BC2C85CADF">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EABC62F2BD9E182A84606B55C22A5F77">2015-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D3E3D673B26B57C133DB17DB208F3CB3">37</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087D7FFFBFF80FC97FA9DFDF530E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087D7FFFBFF80FC97FA9DFDF530E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087D7FFFBFF80FC97FA9DFDF530E8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="C333654AFFFBFF85FC97FA9DFB5E3683" pageId="19" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF85FC97FA9DFAC7364A" blockId="19.[889,1378,1331,1358]" box="[889,1378,1331,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="D0DE81ADFFFBFF85FC97FA9DFAC7364A" box="[889,1378,1331,1358]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="256" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFBFF85FC97FA9DFAC7364A" authority="(Blumenbach, 1799)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Blumenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[889,1378,1331,1358]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Coelodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquitatis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFBFF85FC97FA9DFBDF364A" bold="true" box="[889,1146,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">Coelodonta antiquitatis</emphasis>
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(Blumenbach, 1799)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF85FCC3FAC3FB5E3683" blockId="19.[811,1457,1388,1862]" box="[813,1275,1388,1412]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">MATERIEL EXAMINED. — NISP=225; MNI=39.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C333654AFFFBFF80FCC3FA29FDF530E8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="19" pageNumber="256" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF85FCC3FA29FC4436D3" blockId="19.[811,1457,1388,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFBFF85FCC3FA29FC163698" bold="true" box="[813,947,1415,1439]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">1842 sample:</emphasis>
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1 right M2; 3 tooth fragments; 1 right humerus; 1 left humerus; 1 left ulna; 1 right innominate; 1 innominate; 1 right tibia; 1 right talus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF85FCC3FA78FA863441" blockId="19.[811,1457,1388,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFBFF85FCC3FA78FC4B36E9" bold="true" box="[813,1006,1494,1518]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">1989-1992 sample:</emphasis>
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2 petrosal bones; 4 left D1; 4 right D2; 4 left D2; 12 right D3; 8 left D3; 5 right D4; 7 left D4; 1 upper deciduous tooth fragment; 1 right P2; 3 left P2; 2 right P3; 1 left P3; 2 right P4; 1 left P4; 1 right M1; 4 left M1; 1 right M2; 4 left M2; 3 right M3; 2 left M3; 2 upper molar fragments; 2 right d1; 1 left d1; 4 left d2; 3 right d3; 9 left d3; 6 right d4; 1 left d4; 1 d4; 2 lower deciduous tooth fragments; 1 left p2; 1 p2-3; 2 right p3; 1 right p3-4; 3 left p3-4; 4 lower premolar fragments; 4 right m1; 1 left m1; 1 left m2-3; 1 right m3; 2 left m3; 2 lower molar fragments; 55 tooth fragments; 1 left scapula; 2 right humeri; 2 left humeri; 2 radii; 1 left metacarpal IV; 2 left innominates; 1 right femur; 1 femur; 4 right tibiae; 4 left tibiae; 6 tibiae; 1 right talus; 1 first phalanx; 3 long bone fragments; 1 flat bone fragment (scapula or innominate); 1 metapodial.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF85FCC3F8DCFC18348D" blockId="19.[811,1458,1906,2028]" box="[813,957,1906,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFBFF83FCC3F83CFC703275" blockId="19.[811,1458,1906,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[811,1457,215,2027]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">
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More than 90 isolated teeth (mainly deciduous teeth), and several postcranial elements have been attributed to the woolly rhinoceros
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFBFF85FC4BF87FFA8234EC" authority="(Blumenbach, 1799)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Blumenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[933,1319,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Coelodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquitatis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFBFF85FC4BF87FFB9B34EC" box="[933,1086,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">C. antiquitatis</emphasis>
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(Blumenbach, 1799)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13122A44FFFBFF85FAD9F87FFAD634EB" box="[1335,1395,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1740,1758]" captionTargetBox="[256,1346,230,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-134@18.[748,1293,683,1239]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach,1799) remains from Fouvent-Saint-Andoche (Coelodonta antiquitatis): A, D1; B-E, D2; F-H, D3; I-N, D4; O. d2; P, Q, d3; R-T, d4; U, V, M1; W, X, M2; Y, M3; Z, AA, humerus shaft cylinders; AB, AC, tibia shaft cylinders. Scale bar: 20 mm. Pictures by JBF." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535143/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="256">Fig.8</figureCitation>
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). The morphology of this Eurasian Pleistocene species is well-known (for review, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FC3FFF59FBC73216" author="GUERIN C." box="[977,1122,247,273]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" refId="ref25810" refString="GUERIN C. 1980. - Les Rhinoceros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocene terminal au Pleistocene superieur en Europe occidentale. Comparaison avec les especes actuelles. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de Lyon 79: 1184 p." type="book" year="1980">Guérin 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). The Fouvent sample presents all the morphological features of this species (large size, high crowned teeth, quadrangular M3s with distinct ectoloph and metaloph).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF566649FFFCFF82FF6AF8D3FAB134EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4535145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535145/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" startId="20.[132,143,1917,1935]" targetBox="[264,1349,228,1810]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFCFF82FF6AF8D3FAB134EE" blockId="20.[132,1457,1917,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">
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FIG. 9.— Ungulates (other than rhinoceros) remains from Fouvent:
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FD71F8D3FD093488" bold="true" box="[671,684,1917,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FD5AF8D3FD643488" bold="true" box="[692,705,1917,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">B</emphasis>
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, giant deer
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFCFF82FCCEF8D3FBDA3488" authority="Blumenbach, 1799" authorityName="Blumenbach" authorityYear="1799" box="[800,1151,1917,1935]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Megaloceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FCCEF8D3FC7A3488" box="[800,991,1917,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">Megaloceros giganteus</emphasis>
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Blumenbach,1799
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</taxonomicName>
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:right 1842.14 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FB12F8D3FAAC3488" bold="true" box="[1276,1289,1917,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">A</emphasis>
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) and left 1842.13 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FA73F8D3FA0F3488" bold="true" box="[1437,1450,1917,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">B</emphasis>
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) mandibles;
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FF0BF83DFEA334A2" bold="true" box="[229,262,1939,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">C -E</emphasis>
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, red deer
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFCFF82FEB4F83DFDC434A2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[346,609,1939,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elaphus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FEB4F83DFE7F34A2" box="[346,474,1939,1957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">Cervus elaphus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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: basal part of right antler 1842.109 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FC64F83DFC3D34A2" bold="true" box="[906,920,1939,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">C</emphasis>
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) and ingested left talus 1842.97 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FB45F83DFB1C34A2" bold="true" box="[1195,1209,1939,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">D</emphasis>
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, palmar view;
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FADFF83DFA9834A2" bold="true" box="[1329,1341,1939,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">E</emphasis>
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, dorsal view);
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FF6AF804FF0034BB" bold="true" box="[132,165,1962,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">F -H</emphasis>
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, horse
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFCFF82FF0EF804FE5634BB" authority="Nehring, 1884" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1884" box="[224,499,1962,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germanicus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FF0EF804FEDD34BB" box="[224,376,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">Equus germanicus</emphasis>
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Nehring,1884
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</taxonomicName>
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:right metacarpal 1842.2 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FD28F804FD7434BB" bold="true" box="[710,721,1962,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">F</emphasis>
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), first 1842.6 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FCAAF804FCF734BB" bold="true" box="[836,850,1962,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">G</emphasis>
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) and third H9.A.1 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FC06F804FC5334BB" bold="true" box="[1000,1014,1962,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">H</emphasis>
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) phalanges;
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FBB0F804FBD334BB" bold="true" box="[1118,1142,1962,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">I -L</emphasis>
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, large bovid
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFCFF82FB30F804FA8034BB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1246,1317,1962,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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:right calcaneum 1842.78 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FF3FF86FFF7234D4" bold="true" box="[209,215,1985,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">I</emphasis>
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), first phalange G10.E/A.9 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FE57F86FFE6634D4" bold="true" box="[441,451,1985,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">J</emphasis>
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, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FDDBF86FFDE734D4" bold="true" box="[565,578,1985,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">K</emphasis>
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, lateral view) and metapodial distal portion F11.A.50 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FC13F86FFBAD34D4" bold="true" box="[1021,1032,1985,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">L</emphasis>
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);
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FBF9F86FFB9B34D5" bold="true" box="[1047,1086,1984,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">M -O</emphasis>
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reindeer
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFCFF82FB65F86FFA0834D4" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1163,1453,1985,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FB65F86FFAB834D4" box="[1163,1309,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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: basal part of left antler 1842.106 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FE72F879FE0834EE" bold="true" box="[412,429,2007,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">M</emphasis>
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), portion of right antler F10.B.329 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FD3EF879FD7B34EE" bold="true" box="[720,734,2007,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">N</emphasis>
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) and right metatarsal G9.24 (
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<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFCFF82FC3FF879FC4534EE" bold="true" box="[977,992,2007,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="257">O</emphasis>
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). Scale bar: 20 mm. Pictures by JBF.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF566649FFFDFF83FF6AFF75FCAC32D7" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
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<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFDFF83FF6AFF75FCAC32D7" blockId="21.[132,778,219,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
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TABLE 13. — Results of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FEAAFF75FE4C33EA" box="[324,489,219,237]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k-Nearest Neighbors</emphasis>
|
||
cross-validatory classification from training set of Table 11 (package
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE6AFF5CFE123203" box="[388,439,242,260]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">knn.cv</emphasis>
|
||
from R, version 2.13.2). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD02FF5CFCA73203" bold="true" box="[748,770,242,260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[1]</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF6AFEA6FF28321D" box="[132,141,264,282]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=Number of neighbors considered;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE42FEA6FE64321D" bold="true" box="[428,449,264,282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[2]</emphasis>
|
||
, tested measurements (nomenclature of measurements in Table 11);
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FEB8FEB1FECE3236" bold="true" box="[342,363,287,305]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[3]</emphasis>
|
||
, code number of the closest species returned by
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD30FEB1FCA23236" box="[734,775,287,305]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k-NN</emphasis>
|
||
with:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF41FE98FF1C324F" bold="true" box="[175,185,310,328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FF2AFE98FE59324F" authority="von Reichenau, 1915" authorityName="von Reichenau" authorityYear="1915" box="[196,508,310,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosbachensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF2AFE98FEEF324F" box="[196,330,310,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. mosbachensis</emphasis>
|
||
von Reichenau, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FDECFE98FDA9324F" bold="true" box="[514,524,310,328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FDF9FE98FCA0324F" authority="Gromova, 1949" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1949" box="[535,773,309,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chosaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FDF9FE98FD24324F" box="[535,641,310,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. chosaricus</emphasis>
|
||
Gromova, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF6AFEE2FF2B3259" bold="true" box="[132,142,332,350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FF79FEE2FE353259" authority="Nobis, 1971" authorityName="Nobis" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,400,332,350]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="achenheimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF79FEE2FE8A3259" box="[151,303,332,350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. achenheimensis</emphasis>
|
||
Nobis, 1971
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE78FEE2FE053259" bold="true" box="[406,416,332,350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FE47FEE2FDD43259" authority="Bonifay, 1980" authorityName="Bonifay" authorityYear="1980" box="[425,625,332,350]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE47FEE2FE5A3259" box="[425,511,332,350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
Bonifay, 1980
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD99FEE2FD243259" bold="true" box="[631,641,332,350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FD65FEE2FEBF3272" authority="Freudenberg, 1911" authorityName="Freudenberg" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taubachensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD65FEE2FCA23259" box="[651,775,332,350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. taubachensis</emphasis>
|
||
Freudenberg,1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FECEFECDFE8F3272" bold="true" box="[288,298,355,373]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FEDCFECDFDC43272" authority="von Reichenau, 1915" authorityName="von Reichenau" authorityYear="1915" box="[306,609,355,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinheimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FEDCFECDFE1D3272" box="[306,440,355,373]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E.steinheimensis</emphasis>
|
||
von Reichenau,1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD86FECDFDD73272" bold="true" box="[616,626,355,373]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">7</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FD94FECDFF0A328B" authority="Gromova, 1949" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="missi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD94FECDFD103272" box="[634,693,355,373]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E.missi</emphasis>
|
||
Gromova, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF59FED4FF64328B" bold="true" box="[183,193,378,396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FF23FED4FE18328B" authority="Nehring, 1884" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1884" box="[205,445,378,396]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF23FED4FEE5328B" box="[205,320,378,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. germanicus</emphasis>
|
||
Nehring, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE2AFED4FE6B328B" bold="true" box="[452,462,378,396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">9</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FE37FED4FDA9328B" box="[473,524,378,396]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE37FED4FDA9328B" box="[473,524,378,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">Equus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FDD8FED4FDEF328B" bold="true" box="[566,586,378,396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">10</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FDBBFED4FCA3328B" authority="Prat, 1968" authorityName="Prat" authorityYear="1968" box="[597,774,378,396]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FDBBFED4FD02328B" box="[597,679,378,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. gallicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FD40FED4FCA3328B" author="PRAT F." box="[686,774,378,396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" refId="ref27484" refString="PRAT F. 1968. - Recherches sur les Equides pleistocenes en France. Faculte des Sciences Universite de Bordeaux, 692 p., 126 tables, 149 figs." type="book" year="1968">Prat, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF6AFE3EFF3D32A5" bold="true" box="[132,152,400,418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">11</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FF71FE3EFE7532A5" authority="Cardoso & Eisenmann, 1989" authorityName="Cardoso & Eisenmann" authorityYear="1989" box="[159,464,400,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antunesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FF71FE3EFF5632A5" box="[159,243,400,418]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E.antunesi</emphasis>
|
||
Cardoso & Eisenmann,1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE3BFE3EFE4C32A5" bold="true" box="[469,489,400,418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">12</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FE1EFE3EFD0F32A5" authority="Guadelli, 1986" authorityName="Guadelli" authorityYear="1986" box="[496,682,400,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcelini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE1EFE3EFD9C32A5" box="[496,569,400,418]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E.arcelini</emphasis>
|
||
Guadelli,1986
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD5FFE3EFD6032A5" bold="true" box="[689,709,400,418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">13</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FD22FE3EFE9432BE" authority="Poliakov, 1881" authorityName="Poliakov" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="przewalskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD22FE3EFF1232BE" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E.przewalskii</emphasis>
|
||
Poliakov, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FED6FE09FEE932BE" bold="true" box="[312,332,423,441]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">14</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FEBBFE09FDB632BE" authority="Boddaert, 1785" authorityName="Boddaert" authorityYear="1785" box="[341,531,423,441]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FEBBFE09FE3432BE" box="[341,401,423,441]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">E. ferus</emphasis>
|
||
Boddaert, 1785
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FDF4FE09FD8A32BE" bold="true" box="[538,559,423,441]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[4]</emphasis>
|
||
, proportion of the votes for the winning class returned as % according to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE08FE10FE4A32D7" box="[486,495,446,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
. See details of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FD8BFE10FD2B32D7" box="[613,654,446,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k-NN</emphasis>
|
||
method in text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFDFF83FCADFED9FB38358A" blockId="21.[811,1457,215,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
We have used the tooth wear stage-based protocol developed by one of us (POA) for reconstructing mortality curves in both extant and extinct rhinoceroses, based on isolated teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FC98FE78FB9A32F7" author="BACON A. - M. & DEMETER F. & DURINGER P. & HELM C. & BANO M. & LONG V. T. & THUY N. K. & ANTOINE P. - O. & MAI B. T. & NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y. & CHABAUX F. & RIHS S." box="[886,1087,470,497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="1627 - 1654" refId="ref22585" refString="BACON A. - M., DEMETER F., DURINGER P., HELM C., BANO M., LONG V. T., THUY N. K., ANTOINE P. - O., MAI B. T., NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y., CHABAUX F. & RIHS S. 2008. - The Duoi U'Oi Cave (Late Pleistocene, Vietnam): paleontological and sedimentological data. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 1627 - 1654." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Bacon
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FC2BFE79FC5732F7" box="[965,1010,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The age classes as characterized on the white rhinoceros by Hillman-Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FAEAFE59FA923117" box="[1284,1335,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986) are used in this study because of the phylogenetic, chronological and ecological close relationships between this extant species and the woolly species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FBDEFDF8FB753177" author="ANTOINE P. - O." box="[1072,1232,598,624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" refId="ref22360" refString="ANTOINE P. - O. 2002. - Phylogenie et evolution des Elasmotheriina (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 188: 359 p." type="book" year="2002">Antoine 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have restricted this analysis to upper teeth, more abundant in Fouvent (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD48FFFDFF83FA7DFDD8FC0431B6" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" type="generic">69 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), as they display a much more homogenous eruption and wear pattern than the lower teeth, both in the white rhino and in the woolly rhino. The mortality curve obtained for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFDFF83FCBAFD58FC4A3008" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Blumenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[852,1007,758,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Coelodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquitatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FCBAFD58FC4A3008" box="[852,1007,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">C. antiquitatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is trimodal, with a majority of individuals ranging from classes I to IX (1.5 months up to 9 years) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A44FFFDFF83FCDBFC9BFC273048" box="[821,898,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[134,145,736,754]" captionTargetBox="[145,1411,214,672]" captionTargetId="figure-698@22.[132,1455,167,704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — Mortality curve of the woolly rhino (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)) from the late Pleistocene of Fouvent, based on dental eruption and wear stages. Modified from the protocol of Hillman-Smith et al. (1986), as detailed in Bacon et al. (2008)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535147/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); the first mode is comprised between 1.5 and 4 years (classes V-VI), which coincides with a period encompassing weaning and abandonment of juvenile individuals by the mother (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FC67FC3BFBB230A8" author="GROVES C. P." box="[905,1047,917,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref25726" refString="GROVES C. P. 1972. - Ceratotherium simum. Mammalian Species 8: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1972">Groves 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The second mode includes specimens the individual age of which ranges from 4 and 9 years, e.g., more or less the subadult-adult transition (classes VIII-IX; Hillman-Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FC35FC5BFBAD3709" box="[987,1032,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986). The third and last mode, with less specimens, includes adult individuals (14-28 years; classes XII-XIII). Based on upper teeth, juveniles (61%) are far overrepresented with respect to subadults (23%) and adults (16%). Such a structure is significantly distinct from that of natural populations of recent Indian rhinos (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FAAEFB3AFC2B37C9" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">Rhinoceros unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758), consisting of 27% juveniles, of 21% subadults, and of 52% adults (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FB55FB7AFAE037E9" author="LAURIE W. A." box="[1211,1349,1236,1262]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="307 - 341" refId="ref26427" refString="LAURIE W. A. 1982. - Behavioral ecology of the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Journal of Zoology 196: 307 - 341." type="journal article" year="1982">Laurie 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FABCFB7AFC2F3609" author="LAURIE W. A. & LANG E. M. & GROVES C. P." pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref26456" refString="LAURIE W. A., LANG E. M. & GROVES C. P. 1983. - Rhinoceros unicornis. Mammalian Species 211: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Laurie
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FA70FB7AFCE5360A" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the Fouvent mortality profile is much similar to what is observed for the late Pleistocene rhino tooth sample of Duoi U’Oi, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7651FFFDFF83FB34FA9DFA9F364A" box="[1242,1338,1331,1357]" name="Vietnam" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other Southeast Asian cave localities, for which the accumulating factor is also of biological origin (porcupines;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FAC3FADAFCCD36AA" author="BACON A. - M. & DEMETER F. & DURINGER P. & HELM C. & BANO M. & LONG V. T. & THUY N. K. & ANTOINE P. - O. & MAI B. T. & NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y. & CHABAUX F. & RIHS S." pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="1627 - 1654" refId="ref22585" refString="BACON A. - M., DEMETER F., DURINGER P., HELM C., BANO M., LONG V. T., THUY N. K., ANTOINE P. - O., MAI B. T., NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y., CHABAUX F. & RIHS S. 2008. - The Duoi U'Oi Cave (Late Pleistocene, Vietnam): paleontological and sedimentological data. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 1627 - 1654." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Bacon
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FA92FADAFA0D368A" box="[1404,1448,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FC9BFA3DFBB736AA" author="ANTOINE P. - O." box="[885,1042,1427,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="159 - 168" refId="ref22394" refString="ANTOINE P. - O. 2012. - Pleistocene and Holocene rhinocerotids (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Indochinese Peninsula. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1: 159 - 168." type="journal article" year="2012">Antoine 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, 14 woolly rhino teeth from the 1989-1992 excavation sample in Fouvent are eroded, which attests to a by-pass and a hydrodynamical erosion, both post-mortem and pre-accumulation (n°32, 42, 78, 87, 107, 124, 158, 192, 225, 269, 293, 330, 337, and 480). A lower tooth was split into two pieces then eroded, before both halves were recovered from two distinct excavation units (FVT 92 G9B-525 and FVT 92 F9B-165).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFDFF83FE7BFDA7FD2634E5" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<table id="F929C461FFFD0069FF5CFDA7FD4534E5" box="[178,736,521,2018]" gridcols="4" gridrows="56" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFDA7FD45311A" box="[178,736,521,541]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFDA7FE74311A" box="[370,465,521,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFDA7FE3A311A" box="[405,415,521,541]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FD27FDA7FD45311A" box="[713,736,521,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[1]</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD8FFD453132" box="[178,736,545,565]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD8FFEAD3132" box="[178,264,545,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD8FFE743132" box="[370,465,545,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD8FFD0C3132" box="[558,681,545,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FD27FD8FFD453132" box="[713,736,545,565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[2]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD97FD45314A" box="[178,736,569,589]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD97FEAD314A" box="[178,264,569,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD97FE74314A" box="[370,465,569,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD97FD0C314A" box="[558,681,569,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FD27FD97FD45314A" box="[713,736,569,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[3]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFDFFFD453162" box="[178,736,593,613]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFDFFFEAD3162" box="[178,264,593,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1.00</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFDFFFE743162" box="[370,465,593,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FDFFFD0C3162" box="[558,681,593,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FD27FDFFFD453162" box="[713,736,593,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">[4]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFDDBFD45318E" box="[178,736,629,649]" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFDDBFE74318E" box="[370,465,629,649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFDDBFE3A318E" box="[405,415,629,649]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD23FD4531A6" box="[178,736,653,673]" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD23FEAD31A6" box="[178,264,653,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD23FE7431A6" box="[370,465,653,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD23FD0C31A6" box="[558,681,653,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD0BFD4531BE" box="[178,736,677,697]" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD0BFEAD31BE" box="[178,264,677,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD0BFE7431BE" box="[370,465,677,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD0BFD0C31BE" box="[558,681,677,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD13FD4531D6" box="[178,736,701,721]" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD13FEAD31D6" box="[178,264,701,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1.00</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD13FE7431D6" box="[370,465,701,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD13FD0C31D6" box="[558,681,701,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD4EFD4531F3" box="[178,736,736,756]" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD4EFE7431F3" box="[370,465,736,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFD4EFE3A31F3" box="[405,415,736,756]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFD57FD45300A" box="[178,736,761,781]" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFD57FEAD300A" box="[178,264,761,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFD57FE74300A" box="[370,465,761,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FD57FD0C300A" box="[558,681,761,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFCBFFD453022" box="[178,736,785,805]" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFCBFFEAD3022" box="[178,264,785,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFCBFFE743022" box="[370,465,785,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FCBFFD0C3022" box="[558,681,785,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFC87FD45303A" box="[178,736,809,829]" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFC87FEAD303A" box="[178,264,809,829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.66</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFC87FE74303A" box="[370,465,809,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FC87FD0C303A" box="[558,681,809,829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFCE2FD453067" box="[178,736,844,864]" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFCE2FE743067" box="[370,465,844,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFCE2FE3A3067" box="[405,415,844,864]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=4
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFCCAFD45307F" box="[178,736,868,888]" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFCCAFEAD307F" box="[178,264,868,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFCCAFE74307F" box="[370,465,868,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FCCAFD0C307F" box="[558,681,868,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFCD2FD453097" box="[178,736,892,912]" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFCD2FEAD3097" box="[178,264,892,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFCD2FE743097" box="[370,465,892,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FCD2FD0C3097" box="[558,681,892,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFC3BFD4530AE" box="[178,736,917,937]" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFC3BFEAD30AE" box="[178,264,917,937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.75</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFC3BFE7430AE" box="[370,465,917,937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FC3BFD0C30AE" box="[558,681,917,937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFC16FD4530CB" box="[178,736,952,972]" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFC16FE7430CB" box="[370,465,952,972]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFC16FE3A30CB" box="[405,415,952,972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFC7EFD4530E3" box="[178,736,976,996]" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFC7EFEAD30E3" box="[178,264,976,996]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFC7EFE7430E3" box="[370,465,976,996]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FC7EFD0C30E3" box="[558,681,976,996]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFC46FD4530FB" box="[178,736,1000,1020]" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFC46FEAD30FB" box="[178,264,1000,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFC46FE7430FB" box="[370,465,1000,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FC46FD0C30FB" box="[558,681,1000,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFBAEFD453713" box="[178,736,1024,1044]" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFBAEFEAD3713" box="[178,264,1024,1044]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.60</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFBAEFE743713" box="[370,465,1024,1044]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FBAEFD0C3713" box="[558,681,1024,1044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB8AFD45373F" box="[178,736,1060,1080]" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB8AFE74373F" box="[370,465,1060,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFB8AFE3A373F" box="[405,415,1060,1080]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB92FD453757" box="[178,736,1084,1104]" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFB92FEAD3757" box="[178,264,1084,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB92FE743757" box="[370,465,1084,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FB92FD0C3757" box="[558,681,1084,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFBFAFD45376F" box="[178,736,1108,1128]" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFBFAFEAD376F" box="[178,264,1108,1128]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFBFAFE74376F" box="[370,465,1108,1128]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FBFAFD0C376F" box="[558,681,1108,1128]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFBC2FD453787" box="[178,736,1132,1152]" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFBC2FEAD3787" box="[178,264,1132,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFBC2FE743787" box="[370,465,1132,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FBC2FD0C3787" box="[558,681,1132,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB3EFD4537A3" box="[178,736,1168,1188]" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB3EFE7437A3" box="[370,465,1168,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFB3EFE3A37A3" box="[405,415,1168,1188]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB06FD4537BB" box="[178,736,1192,1212]" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFB06FEAD37BB" box="[178,264,1192,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB06FE7437BB" box="[370,465,1192,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FB06FD0C37BB" box="[558,681,1192,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB6EFD4537D3" box="[178,736,1216,1236]" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFB6EFEAD37D3" box="[178,264,1216,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB6EFE7437D3" box="[370,465,1216,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FB6EFD0C37D3" box="[558,681,1216,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB76FD4537EB" box="[178,736,1240,1260]" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFB76FEAD37EB" box="[178,264,1240,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.42</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB76FE7437EB" box="[370,465,1240,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FB76FD0C37EB" box="[558,681,1240,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFB55FD453608" box="[178,736,1275,1295]" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFB55FE743608" box="[370,465,1275,1295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFB55FE3A3608" box="[405,415,1275,1295]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFABAFD45362F" box="[178,736,1300,1320]" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFABAFEAD362F" box="[178,264,1300,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFABAFE74362F" box="[370,465,1300,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FABAFD0C362F" box="[558,681,1300,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFA82FD453647" box="[178,736,1324,1344]" gridrow="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFA82FEAD3647" box="[178,264,1324,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFA82FE743647" box="[370,465,1324,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FA82FD0C3647" box="[558,681,1324,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFAEAFD45365F" box="[178,736,1348,1368]" gridrow="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFAEAFEAD365F" box="[178,264,1348,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.37</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFAEAFE74365F" box="[370,465,1348,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FAEAFD0C365F" box="[558,681,1348,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFAC9FD45367C" box="[178,736,1383,1403]" gridrow="32" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFAC9FE74367C" box="[370,465,1383,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE7BFAC9FE3A367C" box="[405,415,1383,1403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=9
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFAD1FD453694" box="[178,736,1407,1427]" gridrow="33" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFAD1FEAD3694" box="[178,264,1407,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFAD1FE743694" box="[370,465,1407,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FAD1FD0C3694" box="[558,681,1407,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFA39FD4536AC" box="[178,736,1431,1451]" gridrow="34" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFA39FEAD36AC" box="[178,264,1431,1451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFA39FE7436AC" box="[370,465,1431,1451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FA39FD0C36AC" box="[558,681,1431,1451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFA1EFD4536C3" box="[178,736,1456,1476]" gridrow="35" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFA1EFEAD36C3" box="[178,264,1456,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.33</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFA1EFE7436C3" box="[370,465,1456,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FA1EFD0C36C3" box="[558,681,1456,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFA7DFD4536E0" box="[178,736,1491,1511]" gridrow="36" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFA7DFE7436E0" box="[370,465,1491,1511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE61FA7DFE3C36E0" box="[399,409,1491,1511]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=10
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CFA45FD4536F8" box="[178,736,1515,1535]" gridrow="37" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CFA45FEAD36F8" box="[178,264,1515,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CFA45FE7436F8" box="[370,465,1515,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0FA45FD0C36F8" box="[558,681,1515,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF9ADFD453510" box="[178,736,1539,1559]" gridrow="38" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF9ADFEAD3510" box="[178,264,1539,1559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF9ADFE743510" box="[370,465,1539,1559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F9ADFD0C3510" box="[558,681,1539,1559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF9B5FD453528" box="[178,736,1563,1583]" gridrow="39" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF9B5FEAD3528" box="[178,264,1563,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.40</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF9B5FE743528" box="[370,465,1563,1583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F9B5FD0C3528" box="[558,681,1563,1583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF991FD453554" box="[178,736,1599,1619]" gridrow="40" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF991FE743554" box="[370,465,1599,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE61F991FE3C3554" box="[399,409,1599,1619]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=11
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF9F9FD45356C" box="[178,736,1623,1643]" gridrow="41" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF9F9FEAD356C" box="[178,264,1623,1643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF9F9FE74356C" box="[370,465,1623,1643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F9F9FD0C356C" box="[558,681,1623,1643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF9C1FD453584" box="[178,736,1647,1667]" gridrow="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF9C1FEAD3584" box="[178,264,1647,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF9C1FE743584" box="[370,465,1647,1667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F9C1FD0C3584" box="[558,681,1647,1667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF929FD45359C" box="[178,736,1671,1691]" gridrow="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF929FEAD359C" box="[178,264,1671,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.36</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF929FE74359C" box="[370,465,1671,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F929FD0C359C" box="[558,681,1671,1691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF905FD4535B8" box="[178,736,1707,1727]" gridrow="44" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF905FE7435B8" box="[370,465,1707,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE61F905FE3C35B8" box="[399,409,1707,1727]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=12
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF96DFD4535D0" box="[178,736,1731,1751]" gridrow="45" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF96DFEAD35D0" box="[178,264,1731,1751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF96DFE7435D0" box="[370,465,1731,1751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F96DFD0C35D0" box="[558,681,1731,1751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF975FD4535E8" box="[178,736,1755,1775]" gridrow="46" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF975FEAD35E8" box="[178,264,1755,1775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF975FE7435E8" box="[370,465,1755,1775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F975FD0C35E8" box="[558,681,1755,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF95DFD453400" box="[178,736,1779,1799]" gridrow="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF95DFEAD3400" box="[178,264,1779,1799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.33</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF95DFE743400" box="[370,465,1779,1799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F95DFD0C3400" box="[558,681,1779,1799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF8B8FD45342D" box="[178,736,1814,1834]" gridrow="48" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF8B8FE74342D" box="[370,465,1814,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE61F8B8FE3C342D" box="[399,409,1814,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=13
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF881FD453444" box="[178,736,1839,1859]" gridrow="49" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF881FEAD3444" box="[178,264,1839,1859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF881FE743444" box="[370,465,1839,1859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F881FD0C3444" box="[558,681,1839,1859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="49" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF8E9FD45345C" box="[178,736,1863,1883]" gridrow="50" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF8E9FEAD345C" box="[178,264,1863,1883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF8E9FE74345C" box="[370,465,1863,1883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F8E9FD0C345C" box="[558,681,1863,1883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF8F1FD453474" box="[178,736,1887,1907]" gridrow="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF8F1FEAD3474" box="[178,264,1887,1907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.30</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF8F1FE743474" box="[370,465,1887,1907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.46</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F8F1FD0C3474" box="[558,681,1887,1907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF82CFD453491" box="[178,736,1922,1942]" gridrow="52" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF82CFE743491" box="[370,465,1922,1942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFDFF83FE61F82CFE3C3491" box="[399,409,1922,1942]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">k</emphasis>
|
||
=14
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF834FD4534A9" box="[178,736,1946,1966]" gridrow="53" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF834FEAD34A9" box="[178,264,1946,1966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="53" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">P-pl/P-ol</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF834FE7434A9" box="[370,465,1946,1966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">M-pl/M-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F834FD0C34A9" box="[558,681,1946,1966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="53" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">PM-pl/PM-ol</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF81CFD4534C1" box="[178,736,1970,1990]" gridrow="54" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF81CFEAD34C1" box="[178,264,1970,1990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="54" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF81CFE7434C1" box="[370,465,1970,1990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="54" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F81CFD0C34C1" box="[558,681,1970,1990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="54" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35193483FFFD0069FF5CF860FD4534E5" box="[178,736,1998,2018]" gridrow="55" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FF5CF860FEAD34E5" box="[178,264,1998,2018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="55" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.26</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FE9CF860FE7434E5" box="[370,465,1998,2018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="55" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.42</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85DFFFFFD0069FDC0F860FD0C34E5" box="[558,681,1998,2018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="55" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">0.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFDFF83FCADF93CFBC434EC" blockId="21.[811,1457,215,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">
|
||
Several teeth from Fouvent show environmental enamel hypoplasia, which expresses a severe physiological stress during odontogenesis (but does not imply any genetic origin). On decidual teeth, this pathology is due to a starving episode for the mother during pregnancy or nursing, whereas enamel hypoplasia on permanent teeth expresses denutrition coinciding with either weaning or abandonment of the calf by a newly pregnant mother (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFDFF83FAF1F8DFFA07348C" author="MEAD A. J." box="[1311,1442,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="258" pagination="391 - 397" refId="ref26783" refString="MEAD A. J. 1999. - Enamel hypoplasia in Miocene rhinoceroses (Teleoceras) from Nebraska: evidence of severe physiological stress. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (2): 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1999">Mead 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Fouvent, the specimens showing the most spectacular pathologies are the M1 G9D 607, the M2 E11B 218, and the d4 F11 C243 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A44FFFDFF83FBEEF87FFBF634EC" box="[1024,1107,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1281,1299]" captionTargetBox="[135,1451,237,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-302@24.[132,1455,233,1243]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 11. — Enamel hypoplasia on the tooth sample of Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799) (woolly rhino) from Fouvent: A, B, left d4 F11 C342, with a severe hypoplasia, characterized by the total lack of enamel on a part of the ectolophid (grey area). C, D, left M1 G9 D607; E, F, left M2 E11 B218. The last two teeth show less severe hypoplasia, visible through enamel constrictions on the lingual side (G9D607) and the ectoloph (F1 C243). These constrictions, parallel and remote, indicate the occurrence of two distinct episodes of physiological stress on each tooth. A, C, E, photographs. B, D, F, interpretative drawings (POA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535149/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="258">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFEFF80FF7FFD08FA0C31BD" blockId="22.[145,746,678,698]" box="[145,1449,678,698]" lastBlockId="22.[792,1449,678,698]" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">Individual ages 1.5 month 4 months 1.5 year 3 years 4 years 7 years 10-11 years 20 years 30-32 years 40 years</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF566649FFFEFF80FF68FD4EFC4F300F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4535147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535147/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" startId="22.[134,145,736,754]" targetBox="[145,1411,214,672]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFEFF80FF68FD4EFC4F300F" blockId="22.[134,1457,735,776]" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">
|
||
FIG. 10. — Mortality curve of the woolly rhino (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FDE6FD71FCDE31F5" authority="(Blumenbach, 1799))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Blumenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[520,891,735,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Coelodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquitatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFEFF80FDE6FD71FD6C31F5" box="[520,713,735,754]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">Coelodonta antiquitatis</emphasis>
|
||
(Blumenbach, 1799))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the late Pleistocene of Fouvent, based on dental eruption and wear stages. Modified from the protocol of Hillman-Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFEFF80FD87FD58FD37300F" box="[617,658,758,776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986), as detailed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B30FFFEFF80FCA9FD58FC42300F" author="BACON A. - M. & DEMETER F. & DURINGER P. & HELM C. & BANO M. & LONG V. T. & THUY N. K. & ANTOINE P. - O. & MAI B. T. & NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y. & CHABAUX F. & RIHS S." box="[839,999,758,776]" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" pagination="1627 - 1654" refId="ref22585" refString="BACON A. - M., DEMETER F., DURINGER P., HELM C., BANO M., LONG V. T., THUY N. K., ANTOINE P. - O., MAI B. T., NGUYEN THI MAI HUONG DODO Y., CHABAUX F. & RIHS S. 2008. - The Duoi U'Oi Cave (Late Pleistocene, Vietnam): paleontological and sedimentological data. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 1627 - 1654." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Bacon
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFEFF80FC6DFD58FC09300F" box="[899,940,758,776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636C1FFFEFF80FF01FCFBFDF530E8" blockId="22.[231,676,853,1007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FED6FCFBFD393068" authority="Owen, 1848" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[312,668,853,879]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">ARTIODACTYLA Owen, 1848</taxonomicName>
|
||
Suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FEBCFCDBFD013088" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[338,676,885,911]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ruminantia">RUMINANTIA Scopoli, 1777</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FE93FC3BFDC530A8" authority="Gray, 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[381,608,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">BOVIDAE Gray, 1821</taxonomicName>
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FE60FC1BFDD430C8" authority="Gray, 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[398,625,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bovinae">BOVINAE Gray, 1821</taxonomicName>
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D42FFFEFF80FE66FC7BFDF530E8" authority="Smith, 1827" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1827" box="[392,592,980,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bison" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="22" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAD3FFFEFF80FE66FC7BFE6430E9" box="[392,449,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="259">Bison</emphasis>
|
||
Smith, 1827
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |