250 lines
29 KiB
XML
250 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="EB39CE4E36F6C4CD65E8EAAAA6791AF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria micropetala Walsingham 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9BF9EDA014D20752DF1EB50BEA1BD109">
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<mods:title id="FE9819B7DDFE99CF6665B527CBC1153F">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9B7E90FC99A346BE7996F8D42DEB3034" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A5FC095BC67F1EB95DB93732EA451B73">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD5CFF40A32617A83E522538100F75A0" type="email">crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E5EF0EC0D311E29A740EFACB0807FC3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3745C656814F3CCD336372EB67B12B3C">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C7ADBCC6EC334B771125109C7206E75">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDA407F33987D8621BB01E037F352E59" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C075C98C331C4D4D469BEDE1C36BA624">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B4DE1F447F6474F53BEEB83A8A921036">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BFDB48605B5135CEB8F53A5413ADCBB1">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="54C86EB11CAD1EC148580EAA275712C2">4944</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF759168FD15A44A" box="[151,668,1377,1404]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF759168FD15A44A" blockId="56.[151,668,1377,1440]" box="[151,668,1377,1404]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFD60737FF759168FD15A44A" bold="true" box="[151,668,1377,1404]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FF759168FD15A44A" ID-CoL="4G8NL" authority="Walsingham, 1907" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,668,1377,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropetala">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF759168FD15A44A" bold="true" box="[151,668,1377,1404]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF759168FE27A44A" bold="true" box="[151,430,1377,1404]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philodoria micropetala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FE57916BFD15A44A" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[437,668,1378,1404]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF75918FFF7FA496" box="[151,246,1414,1440]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF75918FFF7FA496" blockId="56.[151,668,1377,1440]" box="[151,246,1414,1440]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FF75918FFF7FA496" box="[151,246,1414,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF7591C3FB3BA4D4" box="[151,1202,1482,1506]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF7591C3FB3BA4D4" blockId="56.[151,1202,1482,1506]" box="[151,1202,1482,1506]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFD60737FF7591C3FB3BA4D4" box="[151,1202,1482,1506]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD60737FF7591C3FDF7A4D4" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[151,638,1482,1506]" page="719" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FF7591C3FDF7A4D4" ID-CoL="4G8NL" authority="Walsingham, 1907: 719" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityPageNumber="719" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,638,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropetala">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF7591C3FE0DA4D4" box="[151,388,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philodoria micropetala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FE6991C3FDF7A4D4" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[395,638,1482,1506]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907: 719</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 25, fig. 22;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD60737FCFC91C3FB9CA4D4" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[798,1045,1482,1506]" page="709" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FCFC91C3FB9CA4D4" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[798,1045,1482,1506]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 709</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 463, 476.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF759218FB84A78A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF759218FD9AA71A" blockId="56.[151,1437,1552,2015]" box="[151,531,1552,1580]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF759218FEBFA71C" bold="true" box="[151,310,1552,1579]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD60737FF759218FF5BA71D" box="[151,210,1553,1579]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Halemanu (Kauai).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF25923CFB84A78A" blockId="56.[151,1437,1552,2015]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25923CFEFDA779" bold="true" box="[199,372,1589,1615]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD60737FE98923CFB84A78A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273373" collectingDate="1895-05" collectionCode="NHMUK" county="Kauai" elevation="1219" location="Wlsm Fn" municipality="Perkins" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NHMUK010305336, ICZN 1999" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD60737FE98923CFE6BA779" box="[378,482,1589,1615]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FE0B923FFE77A766" box="[489,510,1590,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, Halemanu,
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<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FD69923CFD5EA779" box="[651,727,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
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<elevation id="0004D1EEFFD60737FD69923CFD5EA779" box="[651,727,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000ft</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FFD60737FD03923CFCAEA779" box="[737,807,1589,1615]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kauai</collectingCounty>
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,
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<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FCD3923CFC0BA766" box="[817,898,1589,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1895-05">
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<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FCD3923CFC0BA766" box="[817,898,1589,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1895-05">v.1895</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD60737FC73923CFC6CA779" box="[913,997,1589,1615]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Perkins</collectingMunicipality>
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27560, |
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FBA2923CFB64A779" box="[1088,1261,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PHILODORIA</taxonomicName>
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MICROPETALA,
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<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FF289250FEBBA742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5:8EF66006FFD60737FF289250FEBBA742" box="[202,306,1625,1652]" county="Kauai" municipality="Perkins" name="Wlsm Fn" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Wlsm Fn</location>
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FEDA9250FE00A745" box="[312,393,1625,1651]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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I descry.
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<superScript id="7C5C9B95FFD60737FE179250FD95A751" attach="left" box="[501,540,1625,1651]" fontSize="6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">figd</superScript>
|
||
| Walsingham Collection. 1910–427.|
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFD60737FC239250FB27A742" box="[961,1198,1625,1652]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">NHMUK010305336</specimenCode>
|
||
|TYPE|BM
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FACE9253FAC8A742" box="[1324,1345,1626,1652]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
Genitalia slide no. 3951| in
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD60737FE629277FE67A7AE" box="[384,494,1662,1688]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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.
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FE1A9274FDE3A7A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5:8EF66006FFD60737FE1A9274FDE3A7A1" box="[504,618,1661,1687]" county="Kauai" municipality="Perkins" name="Described" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Described</location>
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||
based on a single specimen from Kauai. The ‘type’ specimen, designated by
|
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<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FF5892ABFECCA78A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD60736FF759168FC25A3C5:8EF66006FFD60737FF5892ABFECCA78A" box="[186,325,1698,1724]" county="Kauai" municipality="Perkins" name="Walsingham" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Walsingham</location>
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is here thus the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD60737FE1E92ABFDD7A78A" box="[508,606,1698,1724]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
following article 73.1.2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FC9892ABFB89A78A" author="ICZN" box="[890,1024,1698,1724]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFD60737FC9892ABFB89A78A" box="[890,1024,1698,1724]" collectionCode="ICZN" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ICZN 1999</specimenCode>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF2592CFFDCCA61F" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF2592CFFDCCA61F" blockId="56.[151,1437,1552,2015]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF2592CFFECBA7D6" bold="true" box="[199,322,1734,1760]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FCF992CEFC19A7D6" box="[795,912,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCF992CEFC19A7D6" box="[795,912,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. floscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but distinguished by an erect dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FAD492CFFADCA7D6" bold="true" box="[1334,1365,1734,1760]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ws</emphasis>
|
||
in the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FEE992E3FEE6A632" box="[267,367,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female genitalia were incompletely described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FC3A92E3FB33A632" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[984,1210,1770,1796]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 476) who mentioned only the ostium and apophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60736FF25933AFE35A09B" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60736FF25933AFADAA02B" blockId="56.[151,1437,1552,2015]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25933AFE2EA67B" bold="true" box="[199,423,1843,1869]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FE5B933AFDA9A67B" box="[441,544,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The following is from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FCDE933AFBD2A67B" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[828,1115,1843,1869]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham (1907: 719)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “Antennae brownish. Palpi white, a dark spot at the end of the median joint, the terminal joint also shaded with fuscous. Head and Thorax bronze. Forewings bronze, with four white spots; the first on the outer half of the fold, not touching the dorsum; the second on the costa beyond the middle, pointing obliquely outward and dark-margined externally; the other two situated as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FED793CDFE1CA6E8" box="[309,405,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FED793CDFE18A6E8" box="[309,401,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">floscula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but dark-margined on their inner sides, the metallic spot between them being bright steelblue; beyond this an orange spot, with three white streaks in the costal cilia above it, alternate with brownish, a few fuscous scales scattered across the middle of this patch terminate in a blackish spot at its outer edge, followed by shining, steel-blue, which extends through the ternlinal and apical cilia. Exp. al.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD70736FBC994D6FBF8A1CF" box="[1067,1137,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hindwings tawny brown; cilia tawny. Abdomen fuscous above, whitish beneath. Legs brownish, spurs and a few tarsal spots whitish.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF25952EFE66A077" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" box="[199,495,295,321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF25952EFEFBA077" bold="true" box="[199,370,295,321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF259542FE35A09B" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF259542FE04A053" bold="true" box="[199,397,331,357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FE279542FD21A053" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[453,680,331,357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 476). Ostium bursae large; antrum wide with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae and corpus bursae not figured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF2595BEFD1FA0E4" box="[199,662,439,466]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF2595BEFD1FA0E4" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" box="[199,662,439,466]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF2595BEFEE8A0E7" bold="true" box="[199,353,439,465]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Kauai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FE5B95B1FD00A0E4" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[441,649,440,466]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF2595D5FE0EA354" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF2595D5FCEBA0C0" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" box="[199,866,476,502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF2595D5FEDFA0C0" bold="true" box="[199,342,476,502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FEBF95D5FE50A0C0" box="[349,473,476,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FE0695D4FDCDA0C0" box="[484,580,477,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FE0695D4FDCDA0C0" box="[484,580,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FD9B95D5FCDFA0C0" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[633,854,476,502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF259609FE2DA32C" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" box="[199,420,512,538]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF259609FEAEA32C" bold="true" box="[199,295,512,538]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF25962DFE0EA354" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF25962DFEC5A308" bold="true" box="[199,332,548,574]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parasitods.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FEB6962DFE51A308" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[340,472,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FE06962DFC03A308" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[484,906,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FE06962DFD34A308" box="[484,701,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FC7A962DFE0AA354" authority="(Westwood, 1833) (Zimmerman 1978 a)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FC7A962DFB4CA308" box="[920,1221,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Neochrysocharis formosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1833) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FF7C9641FEF2A354" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[158,379,584,610]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF259665FC25A3C5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF259665FC25A3C5" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF259665FEB2A3B0" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,646]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FEA09665FDA3A3B0" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[322,554,620,646]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the records from outside Kauai, i.e. from the islands of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD70736FAF19665FAEDA3B0" box="[1299,1380,620,646]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island), Maui, Molokai, and Oahu mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FD5E9698FC22A39D" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[700,939,656,683]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913b: 222)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were likely in error and attributable to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FF7596BCFF7EA3F8" box="[151,247,693,718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF7596BCFF7EA3F8" box="[151,247,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
miners;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FEB896BCFE72A3F9" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[346,507,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropetala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FEB896BCFE72A3F9" box="[346,507,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. micropetala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to Kauai. We accept Zimmerman’s suggestion in recognizing that only the specimens from Kauai are attributable to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |