563 lines
70 KiB
XML
563 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2CDFABDC50A04F430B3798ABBAF11095">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53306CA55974051D6329AA64AB00C979">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55726587FC00FDE09BCFD2AD93924392">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="941A3BCEAFE5CF8068D2A09E79E99EB4">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="348E44AFA4F2F4F8F4C7DF540DDCDA0B">2021</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF75900BFDEFA52A" blockId="65.[151,614,1026,1090]" box="[151,614,1026,1053]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFAF074EFF75900BFDEFA52A" bold="true" box="[151,614,1026,1053]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFF75900BFDEFA52A" ID-CoL="6V9QY" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,614,1026,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF75900BFDEFA52A" bold="true" box="[151,614,1026,1053]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF75900BFE21A52B" bold="true" box="[151,424,1026,1053]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Philodoria dubautiella</emphasis>
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(Swezey, 1913)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAF074EFF75902EFDE9A574" box="[151,608,1063,1090]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF75902EFDE9A574" blockId="65.[151,614,1026,1090]" box="[151,608,1063,1090]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFF75902EFEA1A577" box="[151,296,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs. 14B–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFED6902EFEEFA577" box="[308,358,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,186,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-23@50.[201,1387,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. A P. dubauticola, male (CJ402/SK812), B P. dubautiella, male CJ524a/SK686), C P. hibiscella, female (CJ399/SK723), D Same species, male (CJ089/SK724), lateral view, E Same species, dorsal view, F Philodoria sp., male, host: Dubautia plantaginea, Maui (CJ352c/SK770), G Philodoria sp., female (CJ500), host: Dubautia plantaginea, Oahu, H P. naenaeiella (CJ188), abdomen missing, I P. neraudicola, female (CJ336/SK838), host: Pipturus albidus, J Same species, female (CJ369), host: Pipturus sp., K P. obamaorum, female (CJ423/SK844), L Same species, left forewing, M Same species, female (CJ403a/SK735), N P. touchardiella, female (CJ401a/SK764), O Same species, male (CJ401b/SK765), P P. marginestrigata, male (CJ165/SK760), host: Lipochaeta rockii, Q Same species, male (CJ187/SK771), host: Abutilon menziesii, R Same species, male (CJ379c), host: Sida fallax. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681869/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">27B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFE93902EFE2DA577" box="[369,420,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">47D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFE4D902EFE6BA577" box="[431,482,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">48D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFE0F902EFDA9A577" box="[493,544,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">49D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFDCE902EFDD5A574" box="[556,604,1063,1090]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">58E</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAF074EFF759062FC7FA5E9" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF759062FE10A594" blockId="65.[151,1436,1131,1247]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFF759062FDFFA5B5" authority="Swezey, 1913: 278 - 279" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="278 - 279" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,630,1131,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF759062FEF4A5B5" box="[151,381,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gracilaria dubautiella</emphasis>
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Swezey, 1913: 278–279
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</taxonomicName>
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(first mentioned as "
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFCA99062FBD6A5B5" authority="Sw." authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[843,1119,1131,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFCA99062FBB8A5B5" box="[843,1073,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gracilaria dubautiella</emphasis>
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Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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" in
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFAF074EFB6A9062FAE9A5B5" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1160,1376,1131,1155]" page="223" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAF074EFB6A9062FAE9A5B5" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1160,1376,1131,1155]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913b: 223)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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without any description).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF7590A0FD64A5F7" blockId="65.[151,1436,1131,1247]" box="[151,749,1193,1217]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFAF074EFF7590A0FD64A5F7" box="[151,749,1193,1217]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFF7590A0FDA9A5F7" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,544,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF7590A0FEF0A5F7" box="[151,377,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parectopa dubautiella</emphasis>
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||
(Swezey, 1913)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFAF074EFDC990A0FD60A5F7" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[555,745,1193,1217]" page="191" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAF074EFDC990A0FD60A5F7" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[555,745,1193,1217]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928: 191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF7590CEFC7FA5E9" blockId="65.[151,1436,1131,1247]" box="[151,1014,1223,1247]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFAF074EFF7590CEFC7FA5E9" box="[151,1014,1223,1247]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFF7590CEFDAFA5E9" ID-CoL="6V9QY" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,550,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF7590CEFEF7A5E9" box="[151,382,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Philodoria dubautiella</emphasis>
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||
(Swezey, 1913)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFAF074EFDD290CEFCAEA5E9" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[560,807,1223,1247]" page="667" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1978">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAF074EFDD290CEFCAEA5E9" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[560,807,1223,1247]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 667</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs. 441, 447, 454.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAF074EFF759107FD7EA6E2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF759107FDA6A41E" blockId="65.[151,1437,1293,2004]" box="[151,559,1293,1320]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFAF074EFF759107FDA2A41E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273393" box="[151,555,1293,1320]" location="Mt. Olympus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF759107FEBFA411" bold="true" box="[151,310,1293,1320]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFF759107FF5BA41E" box="[151,210,1294,1320]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFAF074EFEDE9107FE5BA411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFAF074CFF75900BFC4AA71B:8EF66006FFAF074EFEDE9107FE5BA411" box="[316,466,1293,1320]" name="Mt. Olympus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mt. Olympus</location>
|
||
(Oahu)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF25913BFB93A7A6" blockId="65.[151,1437,1293,2004]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF25913BFEFEA47D" bold="true" box="[199,375,1329,1356]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFE62913BFE79A47A" box="[384,496,1330,1356]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂, Mt. Olympus, Oahu,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFCF09138FCD2A47D" box="[786,859,1329,1355]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1913-01">i.1913</date>
|
||
, Coll. O.H.S (=O.H. Swezey), [ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFB0C9138FF62A459" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFB0C9138FF62A459" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Dubautia plantaginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], |TYPE OF 210
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFE5A915CFC94A446" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[440,797,1365,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFE5A915CFD30A459" box="[440,697,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gracilaria dubautiella</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
| from top one of same mounted two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFB27915FFAAEA446" box="[1221,1319,1366,1392]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFAAC915FFA15A446" box="[1358,1436,1366,1392]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
(here designated).
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFE849170FE77A4A5" box="[358,510,1401,1427]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
12 (7♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFD839170FD0DA4A2" box="[609,644,1401,1428]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFD799173FD37A4A2" box="[667,702,1402,1428]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality and data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFC0A9170FBC4A4A5" box="[1000,1101,1401,1427]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, bottom one of same mounted two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFF2A9197FEA3A48E" box="[200,298,1438,1464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFEAC9197FE16A48E" box="[334,415,1438,1464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 4♂, same locality and data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFD199194FCE9A481" box="[763,864,1437,1463]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, SK726♂, 733♂,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFBC89194FBF3A48E" box="[1066,1146,1437,1464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34157, 2♂ in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFAF09197FAEEA48E" box="[1298,1383,1438,1464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFF7591CBFF35A4EA" box="[151,188,1474,1500]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Pacific Heights Kidge, Oahu, O.H. Swezey Collector, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFCBD91CBFB80A4ED" box="[863,1033,1473,1499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFCBD91CBFB80A4ED" box="[863,1033,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D. plantaginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFBF091C8FB28A4ED" box="[1042,1185,1473,1499]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1909-08" valueMax="1909-09-31" valueMin="1909-08-00">
|
||
viii.–ix.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAF074EFB8591C8FB28A4ED" box="[1127,1185,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84886" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="1909.0">1909</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFB2891CBFA96A4EA" box="[1226,1311,1474,1500]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Described from ‘numerous’ specimens collected from three localities on Oahu. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFC2E91ECFBA7A4C9" box="[972,1070,1509,1535]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not specified in the original description, therefore the so-labeled types are all
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFD2E9203FCA7A712" box="[716,814,1546,1572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 73.2 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAF074EFB479203FAA4A712" author="ICZN" box="[1189,1325,1546,1572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFB479203FB61A712" box="[1189,1256,1546,1572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and any specimen can be designated as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFDE59224FDE7A771" box="[519,622,1581,1607]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 74 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAF074EFC239227FBCEA77E" author="ICZN" box="[961,1095,1582,1608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFC239227FB8DA77E" box="[961,1028,1582,1608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFB6E9227FB6AA77E" box="[1164,1251,1582,1608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
labeled ‘type’ is here designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFE7B9258FD89A75D" box="[409,512,1617,1643]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFDF29258FDFEA75A" box="[528,631,1617,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFCDB925BFC12A75A" box="[825,923,1618,1644]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAF074EFC2F9258FBFBA75D" box="[973,1138,1617,1643]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, but we could not find the series of ‘syntypes’ collected from Hillebrand's Glen, Oahu,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFCDF927CFC14A7B9" box="[829,925,1653,1679]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1912-12">xii.1912</date>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFC26927FFB9CA7A6" box="[964,1045,1654,1680]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF259290FD49A65E" blockId="65.[151,1437,1293,2004]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF259290FE34A785" bold="true" box="[199,445,1689,1715]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
4 (2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFDFC9293FDCBA782" box="[542,578,1690,1716]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFDBE9290FD16A785" bold="true" box="[604,671,1689,1715]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Oahu</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFD539293FD5DA782" box="[689,724,1690,1716]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kaumuahona,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFC6E9290FC71A785" box="[908,1016,1689,1715]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1919-01-12">12.i.1919</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFAA59290FF62A7E1" authority=", SK" authorityName="SK" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFAA59290FF3CA7E1" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
, SK
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
692, 34160 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFE7692B7FE6CA7EE" box="[404,485,1726,1752]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFE1192B7FD9FA7EE" box="[499,534,1726,1752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Lanihuli,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFD7592B4FC98A7E1" box="[663,785,1725,1751]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1918-11-24">24.xi.1918</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFBBF92B4FB74A7E1" authority=", SK" authorityName="SK" box="[1117,1277,1725,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFBBF92B4FB4EA7E1" box="[1117,1223,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
, SK
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
693, 34161 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFF7592EBFF61A7CA" box="[151,232,1762,1788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 2♂, nr. Nanakuli Forest Reserve, Akupu, Oahu,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFCC492E8FC29A7CD" box="[806,928,1761,1787]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-28">28.iii.2016</date>
|
||
(stored), K. Bustamente leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFAA292EBFA1CA7CD" box="[1344,1429,1761,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFAA292EBFA1CA7CD" box="[1344,1429,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFF75930CFE9BA616" box="[151,274,1797,1824]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2015-11-10">10.xi.2015</date>
|
||
, 20151110 KMB01, CJ524ab, SK686♂, SK687♂ in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFC81930FFC3DA616" box="[867,948,1798,1824]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAF074EFC22930FFC6BA616" box="[960,994,1798,1824]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Oahu 2400’, Koolau Range, Poamoho Trail,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFF389320FEDDA675" box="[218,340,1833,1859]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-09-29">29.ix.1976</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFD229320FCB0A675" box="[704,825,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFD229320FCB0A675" box="[704,825,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 26
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFC659320FB79A675" authority="Sattler Coll., Color" authorityName="Sattler Coll., Color" box="[903,1264,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFC489320FB9EA675" box="[938,1047,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">hibiscella</emphasis>
|
||
Sattler Coll., Color
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
slide 140, D.C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFF319347FECFA651" box="[211,326,1869,1896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAF074EFE2A9344FDC1A651" box="[456,584,1869,1896]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11798008" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="1621252.0">1621252 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFDAD9347FD34A65E" box="[591,701,1870,1896]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAF074EFF259378FD7EA6E2" blockId="65.[151,1437,1293,2004]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF259378FDD6A6BA" bold="true" box="[199,607,1905,1932]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFF259378FECBA6BA" box="[199,322,1905,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFF259378FECBA6BA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFE5B937BFDD6A6BA" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[441,607,1905,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFE5B937BFE43A6BA" bold="true" box="[441,458,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFE3E9378FDD6A6BA" bold="true" box="[476,607,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">dubautiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♂, Kauai: Na Pali, Kona Forest Reserve, Pihea Trail, 4200’, 11&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFA989378FF66A699" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1973-09-26">26. ix.1973</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1973-498,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAF074EFD9F939CFD7FA699" box="[637,758,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAF074EFD9F939CFD7FA699" box="[637,758,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 29 & 23 (Kauai) Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAF074EFAC2939FFA11A699" box="[1312,1432,1941,1968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E) 1621238, 1621684 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAF074EFDEE93B3FDFFA6E2" box="[524,630,1978,2004]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAF074EFD6793B0FD63A6E2" box="[645,746,1977,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FFAC074DFF75927AFAB2A799" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681889/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" targetBox="[155,1428,185,1622]" targetPageId="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAC074DFF75927AFAB2A799" blockId="66.[151,1436,1651,1712]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFF75927AFE96A7BD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM scan of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFDFE927AFD4FA7BD" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" authorityYear="2018" box="[540,710,1651,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFDFE927AFD4FA7BD" box="[540,710,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Philodoria kolea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (SK869).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFC88927AFCF5A7BD" bold="true" box="[874,892,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFC6A927AFC10A7BD" bold="true" box="[904,921,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
Left lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFBAF927AFBF4A7BD" bold="true" box="[1101,1149,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
Right lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFADC927AFAC4A7BD" bold="true" box="[1342,1357,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view. an: antenna, ey: eye, fr: fron, lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Scale bar 100 µm (A–D, F), 50 µm (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAC074DFF2592D4FC8CA69A" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAC074DFF2592D4FC8CA69A" blockId="66.[151,1436,1757,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFF2592D4FECBA7C1" bold="true" box="[199,322,1757,1783]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Brownish forewing with five outwardly oblique white streaks: three dorsal ones (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFB1892D7FAA5A7C8" bold="true" box="[1274,1324,1758,1790]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAC074DFAF692F9FAA5A7C8" attach="left" box="[1300,1324,1776,1790]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and two slender costal ones (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFE9F930BFE24A614" bold="true" box="[381,429,1794,1826]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAC074DFE76931DFE24A614" attach="left" box="[404,429,1812,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">2, 3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAC074DFE249308FDD9A62A" box="[454,592,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 14B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFD059308FCE9A62D" box="[743,864,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFD059308FCE9A62D" box="[743,864,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that have similar two costal streaks,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFAB9930BFEE9A676" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubauticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFAB9930BFE88A609" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. dubauticola</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFE89932FFD8DA609" box="[363,516,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alakaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFE89932FFD8DA609" box="[363,516,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. alakaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFDE8932FFDC3A676" bold="true" box="[522,586,1830,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFAC074DFDE8932FFDC3A676" box="[522,586,1830,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFD9D932FFCA6A609" box="[639,815,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limahuliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFD9D932FFCA6A609" box="[639,815,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. limahuliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFCD4932FFCFCA676" bold="true" box="[822,885,1830,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFAC074DFCD4932FFCFCA676" box="[822,885,1830,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFC61932FFB97A609" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[899,1054,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFC61932FFB97A609" box="[899,1054,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. dubautiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFB0E932FFA15A609" box="[1260,1436,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limahuliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFB0E932FFA15A609" box="[1260,1436,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. limahuliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is distinguishable by its valva having a slender apical region and shorter saccus. A Kauai specimen has similar forewing pattern to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFE339367FDE6A6B1" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[465,623,1901,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubautiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFE339367FE6BA6B1" box="[465,482,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFE0D9364FDE6A6B1" box="[495,623,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">dubautiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFD469367FCC9A6B1" box="[676,832,1901,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alakaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFD469367FD3CA6B1" box="[676,693,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFD209364FCC9A6B1" box="[706,832,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">alakaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFCA49367FC0CA6BE" bold="true" box="[838,901,1902,1928]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFAC074DFCA49367FC0CA6BE" box="[838,901,1902,1928]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but has darker brown forewing and broad
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFA809367FA1CA6B8" bold="true" box="[1378,1429,1902,1934]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAC074DFA9F9389FA1CA6B8" attach="right" box="[1405,1429,1920,1934]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAC074DFEB6939BFE64A69D" box="[340,493,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alakaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFEB6939BFE64A69D" box="[340,493,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. alakaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFD86939BFD0EA684" bold="true" box="[612,647,1938,1970]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAC074DFD9D93ADFD0EA684" attach="left" box="[639,647,1956,1970]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAC074DFD719398FD70A69A" box="[659,761,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAC074CFF2593BCFE91A3C7" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAC074CFF2593BCFC7BA0BF" blockId="66.[151,1436,1757,2036]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAC074DFF2593BCFE48A6F9" bold="true" box="[199,449,1973,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAC074DFE3393BCFDD3A6E6" box="[465,602,1973,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 14B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAC074DFD0793BFFCCCA6E6" box="[741,837,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAC074DFBE893BCFBE9A6E6" box="[1034,1120,1973,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAC074DFB6693BCFB67A6F9" box="[1156,1262,1973,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAC074DFB1B93BFFA09A6E6" box="[1273,1408,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAC074DFF7593D0FEB5A6C5" box="[151,316,2009,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head dirty white; frons white; maxillary palpus white with few dark scales at apex; labial palpus white, a fuscous spot at apex of median segment and near middle of terminal segment. Antenna light fuscous, about 1.3–1.4x length of forewing. Thorax brownish ocherous. Forewing brown to ocherous with outwardly oblique white streaks: three dorsal ones (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFE2794D6FE7EA1C9" bold="true" box="[453,503,223,255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAD074CFE3D94F8FE7EA1C9" attach="left" box="[479,503,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and two slender costal ones (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFCB394D6FC08A1C9" bold="true" box="[849,897,223,255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAD074CFC8A94F8FC08A1C9" attach="left" box="[872,897,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">2, 3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) at the middle and 2/3 of costa respectively; all of these streaks margined with a few black or fuscous scales; three white costal spots (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFB85950AFB24A02B" bold="true" box="[1127,1197,259,285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
) near apex; a spot of bluish scales at apex and a few bluish scales in a more or less fuscous streak between apex and end of third dorsal white streak; cilia white with terminally fuscous line at apex, fuscous fringe at tornus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFBB39542FBF8A05D" bold="true" box="[1105,1137,331,363]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
bl
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAD074CFB8B9554FBF8A05D" attach="right" box="[1129,1137,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Hindwing and cilia grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish-fuscous. Legs fuscous with white tarsal spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF25959AFD23A30B" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF25959AFEFAA09A" bold="true" box="[199,371,402,429]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFE60959AFE7CA09B" box="[386,501,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 47D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDE3959AFDBDA09B" box="[513,564,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">48D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDA2959AFDFAA09B" box="[576,627,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">49D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=2). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFCD3959AFC05A09B" box="[817,908,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.8 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFAA6959BFA15A09B" box="[1348,1436,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="580.0">580 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, tapering along costal margin from 2/5–1/2 to apex; a series of small spines arranged along the inner side of valva; apical half of valva rather slender and slightly pointed at apex compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFBC795D2FB4FA0C3" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[1061,1222,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubauticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFBC795D2FB4FA0C3" box="[1061,1222,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. dubauticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFB3695D2FAB5A0C3" box="[1236,1340,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 47D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus short and triangular in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDD995F6FD2FA32F" box="[571,678,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFCF495F6FCE7A32F" box="[790,878,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="470.0">470 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, slender and nearly straight with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDD7962AFD17A30B" box="[565,670,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 49D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF25964EFE91A3C7" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF25964EFE06A356" bold="true" box="[199,399,582,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFE43964EFD8EA357" box="[417,519,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 58E</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=2).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFD8B964EFD59A357" box="[617,720,583,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1120.0">1120 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFD919662FD45A3B3" box="[627,716,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="280.0">280 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized and large, trapezoid in ventral view, slightly indented near the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFB4D9686FA85A39F" box="[1199,1292,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
|
||
; terminus of ductus bursae biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFDAB96BAFD28A3FB" box="[585,673,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 µm</quantity>
|
||
, pyriform with paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF2596F3FDE1A223" box="[199,616,762,789]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF2596F3FDE1A223" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,616,762,789]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF2596F3FEE8A222" bold="true" box="[199,353,762,788]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oahu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFE5196F2FDD2A223" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[435,603,763,789]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey 1913c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF259716FC97A73F" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF259716FE4CA26B" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF259716FEDCA20F" bold="true" box="[199,341,799,825]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFEB99716FE53A20F" box="[347,474,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFE019716FCCCA20F" authority="Gaudich." authorityName="Gaudich." box="[483,837,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFE019716FD50A20F" box="[483,729,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dubautia plantaginea</emphasis>
|
||
Gaudich.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFCB09716FBA2A20F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[850,1067,799,825]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey1913b: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFBD79716FA99A20F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1077,1296,799,825]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey 1913c: 279</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFAA99716FEBFA26B" authority="Hook. & Arn." authorityName="Hook. & Arn. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFAA99716FA15A20F" box="[1355,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
Hook. & Arn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: new record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF25976FFE75A4F7" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF25976FFEAEA2B6" bold="true" box="[199,295,870,896]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Immature stages were reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFD54976EFC21A2B7" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[694,936,871,897]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913c: 279)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFC56976EFC71A2B7" box="[948,1016,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">“Egg.</emphasis>
|
||
The eggs are deposited singly on the surface of the leaves; circular, about.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFDD79783FDF2A293" box="[565,635,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. in diameter, broadly convex and with the surface reticulated and somewhat iridescent. The young larva on hatching, immediately eats into the leaf, at first producing a very slender mine length wise in the leaf and back and forth a few times, but eventually broadening to a blotch. A purplish discoloration is produced in the leaf by the mining larva, forming streaks following the course of the mines. Often several mines are begun in the same leaf. The cocoon is made within the mine, its position being indicated by a little of its silk being visible through a slit that was made in the epidermis for emergence. I have found this very abundant generally in the mountains back of Honolulu. I have found as many as 11, but not all of the larvae reach maturity, however, often 3 or 4 cocoons are found in the same leaf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFCFE908EFC39A597" box="[796,944,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
. The full-grown larva is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFB2B908EFAAFA597" box="[1225,1318,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; pale greenish-yellow, head pale brownish, eyes black; head very deeply notched and retracted into segment 2 which is widened and has a fuscous longitudinal dorsal streak each side of median line, darkest at posterior margin; ventrally there is a large squarish patch of fuscous which is minutely roughened, cervical shield also slightly roughened. Abdominal prolegs on segments 7–10.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFDB7911EFD19A406" box="[597,656,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFD7D911EFD50A407" box="[671,729,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pale greenish, a little browned on thorax, and middle of dorsum of abdomen, leg and antenna-sheaths; wingsheaths extend about to apex of fifth abdominal segment; antenna-sheaths extend beyond apex, curved up over abdomen to near middle. The pupa is formed in a cocoon within the mine, its position being indicated by a bit of white silk showing where the larva ate a slit through the epidermis for the emergence of the moth.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF2591C3FC97A73F" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF2591C3FEDDA4D2" bold="true" box="[199,340,1482,1508]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFEB991C2FE50A4D3" box="[347,473,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFE0191C2FCD2A4D3" authority="Fullaway, 1920" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1920" box="[483,859,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sierola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFE0191C2FD2DA4D3" box="[483,676,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sierola planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
Fullaway, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFC8591C2FC62A4D3" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[871,1003,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFC1791C2FA1EA4D3" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1013,1431,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFC1791C2FB45A4D3" box="[1013,1228,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFF7591E6FEDAA73E" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[151,339,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="externa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF7591E6FEDAA73E" box="[151,339,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pnigalio externa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Timberlake, 1927;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFDDA91E6FC9BA73F" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[568,786,1519,1545]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF25921AFC4AA71B" box="[199,963,1555,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF25921AFC4AA71B" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,963,1555,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF25921AFEB2A71B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1555,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval leaf mines may be abundant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFD39921AFC3EA71B" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[731,951,1555,1581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |