treatments-xml/data/03/F4/35/03F43558FFC0DB0A69E8F938FA472D95.xml

<document id="31897B509102F88978F124F02CC5C8E6" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.358.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13705823" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725585987179" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paloi, Soumitra, Das, Kanad &amp; Acharya, Krishnendu" docDate="2018" docId="03F43558FFC0DB0A69E8F938FA472D95" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.358.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 358 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Russula darjeelingensis S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFCD4D20FFC1DB0F6960FFACFFE52F18" masterDocTitle="Russula darjeelingensis, a new species from Eastern Himalaya, India" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1725598057237" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="EB481F11A6D7883916B5880723003D08">Russula darjeelingensis, a new species from Eastern Himalaya, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="912004FF566DBFD5A7093E076754DAC8">Paloi, Soumitra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3E1C1BAF7F35A326B209E5430906BBAF">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="27D47DA5B7EA37D5B00D4F42AE8D5AFB">Das, Kanad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="936BD337C17296845ECF3E63B3CDD7A4">Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711103, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0CAEE5C7958EBBD55510F3F607AA818">Acharya, Krishnendu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="803A72D5EA9BA8584A6EAFB334DDD39B">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC0DB0E69E8F938FD1D29B7" ID-CoL="6WXGR" authority="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,760,1684,1711]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E69E8F938FE7F29B7" bold="true" box="[136,410,1684,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Russula darjeelingensis</emphasis>
S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das
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<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E6B9FF93AFCB129B7" box="[767,852,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE527FFC0DB0E6B9FF93AFCB129B7" box="[767,852,1686,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<figureCitation id="136698CBFFC0DB0E6A01F93AFC2F29B7" box="[865,970,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2017,2038]" captionTargetBox="[311,1274,574,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-178@3.[300,1287,566,1988]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Russula darjeelingensis (CAL 1609, holotype). A–B. Fresh basidiomata in the field; C. Scanning Electron Micrograph of basidiospore; D. Elements of pileipellis. Scale Bars: A–B = 10 mm, C = 2 μm and D = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705829/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Figures 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="136698CBFFC0DB0E6A8EF93AFC1929B7" box="[1006,1020,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1990,2011]" captionTargetBox="[195,1399,247,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[166,1421,187,1962]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macro-microscopic features of Russula darjeelingensis (CAL 1609, holotype). A. Basidiocarp; B. Basidium; C. Hymenial cystidia; D. Pileipellis hyphae and encrusted pileocystidia; E. Caulocystidia; F. Basidiospores. Scale Bars: A = 10 mm, B–E = 10 μm and F = 5 μm (Drawing by S. Paloi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705831/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">3</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC0DB0E69E8F910FE7329C9" blockId="1.[136,406,1724,1745]" box="[136,406,1724,1745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">MycoBank No: MB 823431</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347D7C5FFC0DB0A69E8F8AEFA472D95" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC0DB0E69E8F8AEFB852803" blockId="1.[136,1452,1794,1999]" box="[136,1120,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E69E8F8AEFEE52803" box="[136,256,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Etymology</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E6868F8AEFEC12803" bold="true" box="[264,292,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">—</emphasis>
To recognise Darjeeling in the state 
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(
<collectingCountry id="F34AC4DEFFC0DB0E6A34F8AEFC762803" box="[852,915,1794,1819]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry>
), the 
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locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC0DB0E69DDF88AFAC6289F" blockId="1.[136,1452,1794,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E69DDF88AFECA2827" box="[189,303,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E6857F88AFEB62827" bold="true" box="[311,339,1830,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">—</emphasis>
Distinct from all the sequenced species of 
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<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E6A5BF88AFC712827" box="[827,916,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Russula</emphasis>
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by the nrITS sequence data and all the known species by the combination of morphological features e.g. small sized, white colour pileus with tall and narrow stipe (35–90 × 
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), absence of lamellulae, white spore print and occurrence under 
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<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E6D5BF8C2FB7C289F" box="[1083,1177,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Quercus</emphasis>
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(
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC0DB0E69DDF83EFD1128D7" blockId="1.[136,1452,1794,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC0DB0E69DDF83EFF1428B3" box="[189,241,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Type</emphasis>
: 
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<collectingCountry id="F34AC4DEFFC0DB0E6876F83EFE8C28B3" box="[278,361,1938,1963]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. 
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: Darjeeling district, near Love Road, 
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, 
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, elev. 
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above sea level, 
<date id="FFE3A28EFFC0DB0E6997F81AFE6E28D7" box="[247,395,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2016-07-26">26 July 2016</date>
, S. Paloi, CAL 1609 (
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).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22D4C6FFC3DB0D69E8FB79FD2B2A62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13705825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" startId="2.[136,229,1237,1258]" targetBox="[333,1193,175,1177]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC3DB0D69E8FB79FD2B2A62" blockId="2.[136,1452,1237,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D69E8FB79FF182BF2" bold="true" box="[136,253,1237,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree generated using a HYK+G model of nucleotide evolution. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values&gt; 50% (left of /) and Bayesian posterior probabilities&gt; 0.50 (to the right). The scale bar represents the number of expected changes per site. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC3DB0D69E8FAB1FEB12A2A" box="[136,340,1309,1330]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="torminosus">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D69E8FAB1FEB12A2A" box="[136,340,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Lactarius torminosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D683EFAB1FDD32A2A" box="[350,566,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC3DB0D683EFAB1FE522A2A" box="[350,439,1309,1330]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="indigo">L. indigo</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC3DB0D68DFFAB1FDD32A2A" box="[447,566,1309,1330]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subindigo">L. subindigo</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
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<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6B02FAB1FD3F2A2A" box="[610,730,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">L. deliciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were selected as outgroup taxa for rooting purpose. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC3DB0D6DA8FAB1FA492A2A" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[1224,1452,1309,1330]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6DA8FAB1FA492A2A" box="[1224,1452,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Russula darjeelingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree. Categorizations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC3DB0D6D65FAEDFB7B2A4E" box="[1029,1182,1345,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6D65FAEDFBB42A4E" box="[1029,1105,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Russula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
within the tree follows the classification of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCF9BFFFC3DB0D6847FAC9FDEB2A62" author="Hongsanan, S. &amp; Hyde, K. D. &amp; Bahkali, A. H. &amp; Camporesi, E. &amp; Chomnunti, P. &amp; Ekanayaka, H. &amp; Gomes, A. A. M. &amp; Hofstetter, V. &amp; Jones, E. B. G. &amp; Pinho, D. B. &amp; Pereira, O. L. &amp; Tian, Q. &amp; Wanasinghe, D. N. &amp; Xu, J. - C. &amp; Buyck, B." box="[295,526,1381,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" pagination="355 - 380" refId="ref5560" refString="Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K. D., Bahkali, A. H., Camporesi, E., Chomnunti, P., Ekanayaka, H., Gomes, A. A. M., Hofstetter, V., Jones, E. B. G., Pinho, D. B., Pereira, O. L., Tian, Q., Wanasinghe, D. N., Xu, J. - C. &amp; Buyck, B. (2015) Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 11 - 20. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (3): 355 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 36. iss 3.2015.355" type="journal article" year="2015">Hongsanan et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCF9BFFFC3DB0D6B5CFAC9FD2F2A62" author="Sarnari, M." box="[572,714,1381,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refId="ref7025" refString="Sarnari, M. (1998) Monografia Illustrata Del Genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo, Italy, 799 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sarnari (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC3DB0D69DDFA07FAA029FC" blockId="2.[136,1452,1451,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D69DDFA07FEA42ADC" box="[189,321,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Description</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6829FA07FE482ADC" bold="true" box="[329,429,1451,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">—Pileus</emphasis>
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in diam., convex to broadly convex when young, becoming planoconvex to applanate at maturity; surface smooth, moist to semi-moist white (1A1), unchanging when bruised, turning light yellow with KOH, light orange to reddish orange with SV but negative with guaiacol and phenol; margin somewhat translucent; context &lt;
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thick, white (1A1), unchanged after exposed in air. L 
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adnate, 
<quantity id="4CA529ABFFC3DB0D6DDFF9BBFAFE2928" box="[1215,1307,1559,1584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
broad, white (1A1), unchanging when bruised, turning light orange with SV and brownish red with guaiacol, negative with phenol, regular; edge even, concolorous; lamellulae absent. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6BB7F9F3FCF12960" bold="true" box="[727,788,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Stipe</emphasis>
35–90 × 
<quantity id="4CA529ABFFC3DB0D6AE3F9F3FC1C2960" box="[899,1017,1631,1656]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="3.0">3–6.5 mm</quantity>
, central, smooth, moist to semi moist, more or less equal, white (1A1) in colour, unchanging when bruised, turning light yellow to yellow with KOH, orange to light orange with SV, negative with guaiacol and phenol; context with large cavity, white (1A1), unchanging when bruised; white (1A1), with mycelial pad at the base. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6BB3F967FCF729FC" bold="true" box="[723,786,1739,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Taste</emphasis>
mild. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6A3AF967FC4C29FC" bold="true" box="[858,937,1739,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Odour</emphasis>
indistinct. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6D46F967FB5529FC" bold="true" box="[1062,1200,1739,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Spore print</emphasis>
white (1A1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC3DB0C69DDF943FA7A2E89" blockId="2.[136,1452,1451,2088]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,160,545]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D69DDF943FE842810" bold="true" box="[189,353,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(5.7–)6.5– 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D68BAF943FE182810" bold="true" box="[474,509,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">7.3</emphasis>
–7.9(–9.0) × (5.3–)6.0– 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6B9EF943FCC42810" bold="true" box="[766,801,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">6.7</emphasis>
–7.2(–8.0) μm, Q=1.05– 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6D4EF943FBBA2810" bold="true" box="[1070,1119,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">1.09</emphasis>
–1.16, globose to sub-globose, ornamentation amyloid, composed of short (0.3–0.6 μm) to high (0.9–1.4 μm) conical warts, free, very rarely few connected, apex obtuse, never reticulate; suprahilar spot amyloid. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6A36F89BFC2D2848" bold="true" box="[854,968,1847,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Basidium</emphasis>
(21.5–)27.0–33.6–37.5(–45.0) × (8.0–)9.0– 10.1–11.5(–12.5) μm, clavate to sub-clavate, thin-walled. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6A76F8F7FC30286C" bold="true" box="[790,981,1883,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Lamellae trama</emphasis>
11–20 μm thick, pseudoparanchymatous. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D69E8F8D3FED12880" bold="true" box="[136,308,1919,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Lamellae edge</emphasis>
sterile. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D68F0F8D3FD8D2880" bold="true" box="[400,616,1919,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Hymenial cystidia</emphasis>
39.5–50.0 × 7.2–14.0 μm, clavate to sub-clavate with lageniform to short appendiculate apex, thin-walled, hyaline; content dense, granular, oil granule present with KOH near gill edge; near gill side ca. 48.5–68.0 × 10.5–17.0 μm, same as gill edge. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC3DB0D6A24F86BFC5228F8" bold="true" box="[836,951,1991,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Pileipellis</emphasis>
orthocromatic in cresyl blue, distinctly 2– layered, underlying cortex composed of sphearocytes; subpellis ca. 35.0–68.0 μm deep, non-gelatinized, composed of loosely arranged, erect to sub-erect hyphae, ca. 3.5–5.3 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, branched, septate hyphal end obtuse; suprapellis 64.5–89.5 μm deep, composed of hyphal elements and cystidia; hyphal elements composed of chains of 4–8 cells of different dimensions, sub-terminal cells 8–14 × 4–11 μm, mostly somewhat inflated, rarely sub-cylindrical, terminal cells 9–18 × 3.5–6 μm, cylindrical to sub-fusoid or sub-obtuse, non-gelatinized, thin-walled, hyaline, branched, septate; 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C68D9FEA0FDAB2E3D" bold="true" box="[441,590,268,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">pileocystidia</emphasis>
4.5–7.2 μm broad, cylindrical, septate, encrusted, present toward cap centre, thin-walled, hyaline, dense with cytoplasmic contains. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6B85FE9CFC892E51" bold="true" box="[741,876,304,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
composed of erect to sub-erect hyphae and cystidia; hyphae 2.7–3.6 μm broad, non-gelatinized, thin-walled, hyaline, branched, septate, oil granule present with KOH, hyphal end obtuse; 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6803FED4FE1A2E89" bold="true" box="[355,511,376,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">caulocystidia</emphasis>
5.0–7.5 μm broad, cylindrical with short appendiculate apex, thin-walled, hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC2DB0C69DDFE30FEA52EC1" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C69DDFE30FE742EAD" box="[189,401,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Habit and Habitat</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C68F8FE30FE512EAD" bold="true" box="[408,436,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
Solitary, scattered, under the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC2DB0C6A67FE30FC6B2EAD" box="[775,910,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6A67FE30FC802EAD" box="[775,869,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Quercus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC2DB0C6AD8FE30FBF32EAD" box="[952,1046,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6AD8FE30FBF32EAD" box="[952,1046,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC2DB0C6D32FE30FB3E2EAD" box="[1106,1243,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6D32FE30FB3E2EAD" box="[1106,1243,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dominated mixed broadleaf forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC2DB0C69DDFE48FCA52D39" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C69DDFE48FE0F2EE5" box="[189,490,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Others specimen examined</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6893FE48FDEA2EE5" bold="true" box="[499,527,484,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34AC4DEFFC2DB0C6B6FFE48FD872EE5" box="[527,610,484,509]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49994AACFFC2DB0C6B0BFE48FD182EE5" box="[619,765,484,509]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
: Darjeeling district, near VVI, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE69E289FFC2DB0C6D36FE48FB3B2EE5" box="[1110,1246,484,509]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="20" value="27.08889">27°05′20″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE69E289FFC2DB0C6D89FE48FA8E2EE5" box="[1257,1387,484,509]" degrees="88" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-88.43472">88°26′05″S</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CA529ABFFC2DB0C69E8FDA4FF382D39" box="[136,221,520,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.086" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="2086.0">2086 m</quantity>
above sea level, 
<date id="FFE3A28EFFC2DB0C68FDFDA4FDD42D39" box="[413,561,520,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" value="2017-07-12">12 July 2017</date>
, S. Paloi, CUH AM535.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22D4C6FFC2DB0C69E8F84DFBF72702" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13705829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705829/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" startId="3.[136,229,2017,2038]" targetBox="[311,1274,574,1970]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC2DB0C69E8F84DFBF72702" blockId="3.[136,1451,2017,2074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C69E8F84DFF1A28EE" bold="true" box="[136,255,2017,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC2DB0C6867F84DFE0828EE" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[263,493,2017,2038]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC2DB0C6867F84DFE0828EE" box="[263,493,2017,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Russula darjeelingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1609, holotype). A–B. Fresh basidiomata in the field; C. Scanning Electron Micrograph of basidiospore; D. Elements of pileipellis. Scale Bars: A–B = 10 mm, C = 2 μm and D = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF22D4C6FFC5DB0B69E8F86AFE24273B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13705831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705831/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" startId="4.[136,229,1990,2011]" targetBox="[195,1399,247,1961]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC5DB0B69E8F86AFE24273B" blockId="4.[136,1452,1990,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC5DB0B69E8F86AFF1A28C3" bold="true" box="[136,255,1990,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Macro-microscopic features of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC5DB0B6B58F86AFCFB28C3" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[568,798,1990,2011]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC5DB0B6B58F86AFCFB28C3" box="[568,798,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Russula darjeelingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1609, holotype). A. Basidiocarp; B. Basidium; C. Hymenial cystidia; D. Pileipellis hyphae and encrusted pileocystidia; E. Caulocystidia; F. Basidiospores. Scale Bars: A = 10 mm, B–E = 10 μm and F = 5 μm (Drawing by S. Paloi).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC4DB0A69DDFF0CFB802E89" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A69DDFF0CFE002FA1" bold="true" box="[189,485,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Molecular phylogeny:—</emphasis>
The newly generated sequence products were 618 and 646 nucleotides long. All sequences were aligned and the ends trimmed to create a dataset of 765 nucleotides. The phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A69E8FF44FE762E19" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,403,232,257]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A69E8FF44FE762E19" box="[136,403,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Russula darjeelingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was inferred from ML analyses (
<figureCitation id="136698CBFFC4DB0A6A69FF44FCAE2E19" box="[777,843,232,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1237,1258]" captionTargetBox="[333,1193,175,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[314,1273,171,1208]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree generated using a HYK+G model of nucleotide evolution. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values&gt; 50% (left of /) and Bayesian posterior probabilities&gt; 0.50 (to the right). The scale bar represents the number of expected changes per site. Lactarius torminosus, L. indigo, L. subindigo and L. deliciosus were selected as outgroup taxa for rooting purpose. Russula darjeelingensis is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree. Categorizations of Russula species within the tree follows the classification of Hongsanan et al. (2015) and Sarnari (1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The tree generated using ML and Bayesian analyses (BA) were identical in topology. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis recovered a single tree with likelihood values of - 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A69F1FE9CFF5D2E51" box="[145,184,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">InL</emphasis>
= 8290.564723. Bayesian analyses reached a standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.004 after 
<superScript id="7C282906FFC4DB0A6C60FE9CFAC12E24" attach="left" box="[1280,1316,302,329]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">106</superScript>
generations and the initial 25% trees recovered were excluded as the burn-in. 
<figureCitation id="136698CBFFC4DB0A6A08FEF8FC4F2E75" box="[872,938,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1237,1258]" captionTargetBox="[333,1193,175,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[314,1273,171,1208]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree generated using a HYK+G model of nucleotide evolution. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values&gt; 50% (left of /) and Bayesian posterior probabilities&gt; 0.50 (to the right). The scale bar represents the number of expected changes per site. Lactarius torminosus, L. indigo, L. subindigo and L. deliciosus were selected as outgroup taxa for rooting purpose. Russula darjeelingensis is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree. Categorizations of Russula species within the tree follows the classification of Hongsanan et al. (2015) and Sarnari (1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
highlights branch support value recovered by ML and posterior probabilities (PP) majority conscious tree (MLBS: ≥ 50%, PP: ≥ 0.50)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2844EFFC4DB0A69DDFE30FA472D95" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
The phylogenetic tree (
<figureCitation id="136698CBFFC4DB0A68A5FE30FDE22EAD" box="[453,519,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1237,1258]" captionTargetBox="[333,1193,175,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[314,1273,171,1208]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree generated using a HYK+G model of nucleotide evolution. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values&gt; 50% (left of /) and Bayesian posterior probabilities&gt; 0.50 (to the right). The scale bar represents the number of expected changes per site. Lactarius torminosus, L. indigo, L. subindigo and L. deliciosus were selected as outgroup taxa for rooting purpose. Russula darjeelingensis is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree. Categorizations of Russula species within the tree follows the classification of Hongsanan et al. (2015) and Sarnari (1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13705825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13705825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) revealed that the clade 1 (PP=1.00 and MLBS=100%) represent the members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A69D1FE6CFE492EC1" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[177,428,448,473]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Russula">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A69D1FE6CFEEF2EC1" box="[177,266,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Russula</emphasis>
subg. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6833FE6CFE492EC1" box="[339,428,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Russula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and subg. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A6B44FE6CFD482EC1" box="[548,685,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Incrustatula">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6B44FE6CFD482EC1" box="[548,685,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Incrustatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are always showed paraphyletic in nature (very recently they are proposed to be merged in a single subgenus with multigene phylogeny as given in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCF9BFFFC4DB0A6D08FE48FADF2EE5" author="Buyck, B. &amp; Zoller, S. &amp; Hofstetter, V." box="[1128,1338,484,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" pagination="267 - 292" refId="ref3723" refString="Buyck, B., Zoller, S. &amp; Hofstetter, V. (2018) Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Buyck 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6DDAFE48FB082EE5" box="[1210,1261,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The two collections of the newly described 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A6B6EFDA4FD3D2D39" authorityName="S. Paloi, K. Acharya &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[526,728,520,545]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6B6EFDA4FD3D2D39" box="[526,728,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">R. darjeelingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are monophyletic (marked with bold) and sister to the European 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A69E8FD80FE0D2D5D" authority="Melzer &amp; Zvara" authorityName="Melzer &amp; Zvara" box="[136,488,556,581]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="velenovskyi">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A69E8FD80FECC2D5D" box="[136,297,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">R. velenovskyi</emphasis>
Melzer &amp; Zvára
</taxonomicName>
with moderate support (MLBS = 72% and PP = 0.82). These two species are further sister with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A6862FDFCFDEF2D71" authority="Sarnari" authorityName="Sarnari" box="[258,522,592,617]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="integriformis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6862FDFCFE572D71" box="[258,434,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">R. integriformis</emphasis>
Sarnari
</taxonomicName>
(the 
<typeStatus id="54E63AECFFC4DB0A6B22FDFCFD972D71" box="[578,626,592,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6B8EFDFCFD1A2D71" box="[750,767,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">R</emphasis>
. subsect. 
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6A0CFDFCFBF22D71" box="[876,1047,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Paraintegrinae</emphasis>
) with strong support (MLBS = 96% and PP = 1.00). To maintain the morphology of this subsection should be included 
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFFCDFFC4DB0A6D47FDD8FA7B2D95" authority="(Sarnari 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Sarnari" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1063,1438,628,653]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="darjeelingensis">
<emphasis id="B929585CFFC4DB0A6D47FDD8FB142D95" box="[1063,1265,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">R. darjeelingensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCF9BFFFC4DB0A6C60FDD8FA702D95" author="Sarnari, M." box="[1280,1429,628,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refId="ref7025" refString="Sarnari, M. (1998) Monografia Illustrata Del Genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo, Italy, 799 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sarnari 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>