583 lines
80 KiB
XML
583 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c606f4ca-fdd4-4179-ab62-881c546b6e35" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7813977" ID-ZooBank="010109AB-79F5-4E6D-909B-08BB1803E589" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="7" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="6" checkinTime="1680597801025" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Almeida, Ana Laura, Álvarez-Presas, Marta & Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2023" docId="03C49B736971FFB6FC307540B5227414" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac072.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Animalia Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="859" masterDocId="FFFDE30B6960FFA0FFA67018B47C7735" masterDocTitle="The discovery of new Chilean taxa revolutionizes the systematics of Geoplaninae Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)" masterLastPageNumber="898" masterPageNumber="837" pageNumber="854" updateTime="1681146492474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>The discovery of new Chilean taxa revolutionizes the systematics of Geoplaninae Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Álvarez-Presas, Marta</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-11-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>197</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>837</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>898</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c606f4ca-fdd4-4179-ab62-881c546b6e35</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7813977</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">010109AB-79F5-4E6D-909B-08BB1803E589</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C49B736971FFB6FC307540B5227414" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C49B736971FFB6FC307540B5227414" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="854" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[918,1352,1367,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="854" rank="species" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[918,1214,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">TRANSANDIPLANA GRAUI</emphasis>
|
||
ALMEIDA &
|
||
<heading box="[1029,1240,1398,1423]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="854" reason="3">
|
||
CARBAYO
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1141,1240,1398,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1141,1240,1398,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="854" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[1061,1208,1437,1462]" box="[1061,1208,1437,1462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1069,1201,1437,1462]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStart-3="Figure 16" captionStartId-0="18.[145,224,789,811]" captionStartId-1="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionStartId-2="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionStartId-3="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1425,195,750]" captionTargetBox-1="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1443,1024,1399]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@18.[771,1155,448,735]" captionTargetId-1="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetId-2="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetId-3="figure-386@19.[648,1151,1007,1402]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="Figure 13. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions." captionText-1="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." captionText-2="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." captionText-3="Figure 16. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">FIGS 13–16</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1443,1477,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1160,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
|
||
urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act:
|
||
<uuid box="[902,1418,1508,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">9247667A-A4EE-4722-B935-7332CAA3F792</uuid>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="854" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1443,1570,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-12-02" collectionCode="MNHNCL" collectorName="F. Carbayo" country="Chile" latitude="-28.4658" location="Huasco" longitude="-71.1858" municipality="Huasco" pageId="17" pageNumber="854" specimenCode="MNHNCL PLAT-15049" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region de Atacama" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1213,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[827,928,1570,1591]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[946,1213,1571,1592]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">MNHNCL PLAT-15049</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Field code, F4696).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[827,918,1602,1623]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Huasco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[932,1173,1601,1623]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Región de Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1187,1252,1601,1623]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(28°27′′57.4′′S, 071°11′′09.5′′W), coll.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1091,1219,1632,1654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1227,1287,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="17" pageNumber="854" value="2010-12-02">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="17" pageNumber="854" value="2010-12-02">2 December 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Cephalic region: transverse sections on 13 slides; ovarian region: horizontal sections on 4 slides; prepharyngeal region: transverse sections on seven slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 13 slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1443,1848,1900]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,979,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[827,881,1848,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Huasco,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1089,1313,1848,1870]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Región de Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1325,1389,1848,1870]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="854">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species is only known from this locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" startId="18.[145,224,789,811]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,750]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[145,1425,789,870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,263,789,811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,508,790,812]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,508,790,812]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[514,591,790,812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" startId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" targetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[145,1425,1788,1898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,262,1788,1810]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[273,506,1788,1810]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[273,506,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="855">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[511,587,1788,1810]" pageId="18" pageNumber="855" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords. The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" startId="19.[163,242,859,881]" targetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,1443,859,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,281,859,881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[292,527,859,881]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,527,859,881]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[533,610,859,881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" startId="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" targetBox="[163,1443,1024,1399]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,1443,1441,1522]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,280,1441,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[291,524,1441,1463]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,524,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[530,606,1441,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="856" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,778,1560,1643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,294,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet pays homage to Dr José Horácio Grau, for his friendship and contribution to the knowledge of the Chilean planarians.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="858" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,303,1700,1723]" box="[163,303,1700,1723]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,303,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,779,1740,1885]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1443,1560,1889]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,347,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">External aspect:</emphasis>
|
||
The live
|
||
<typeStatus box="[460,558,1740,1762]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[574,671,1740,1762]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[145,224,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,750]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[771,1155,448,735]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is about
|
||
<quantity box="[163,240,1771,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity box="[402,465,1771,1792]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. The body margins are parallel. The anterior extremity of the body is rounded, while the posterior is pointed. The dorsal side is convex; the ventral one is flat. The dorsal colour is graphite-grey (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[994,1047,1560,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">RAL</collectionCode>
|
||
7024) – slightly clearer on the body margins– and adorned with a median grey-white (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1389,1442,1591,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">RAL</collectionCode>
|
||
9002) stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1089,1621,1643]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[145,224,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,750]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[771,1155,448,735]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral surface is pure white (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[909,964,1652,1673]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">RAL</collectionCode>
|
||
9010) – darker in the cephalic region – and exhibits a median, thin, whitish stripe throughout the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1034,1135,1713,1735]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[145,224,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,750]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[771,1155,448,735]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preserved
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1341,1442,1713,1735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measured
|
||
<quantity box="[945,1024,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[1091,1176,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity box="[1293,1358,1744,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1443,1560,1889]" lastBlockId="20.[145,762,197,618]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="857" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">
|
||
The eyes are of a single-cup
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1240,1294,1775,1796]" pageId="19" pageNumber="856">type</typeStatus>
|
||
measuring 35–38 µm in diameter. The anterior
|
||
<quantity box="[1244,1309,1805,1827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="856" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
of the body are encircled with a uniserial row of eyes. Behind this region, the eyes spread on to the dorsal surface to the extent of a band 40% of the body width on either side. This band is gradually thinner toward the posterior tip of the body, where the eyes are only marginally located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,197,618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
Scarce sensory depressions are located ventromarginally in the anterior region of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[220,355,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[145,224,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,750]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[771,1155,448,735]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the living holotype. C–E, photomicrographs of two transverse sections of the cephalic region. The region within the rectangle in (C) is enlarged in (D). The arrowheads point to the sensory depressions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814005/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 13C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The depth of these depressions is equivalent to two-thirds of the height of the surrounding epidermal cells. The suboptimal quality of the sections of the cephalic region, which lacks part of the ventral portion, hindered a detailed description of their distribution. There are no sensory pits. The mouth is positioned at a distance from the anterior extremity equal to 67.6% of the body length; the gonopore is at 78.8%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,658,1907]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,410,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Internal morphology:</emphasis>
|
||
The creeping sole occupies 85% of the ventral surface of the body. Rhabditogen cells, gland cells producing erythrophil granules and gland cells producing xanthophil amorphous secretion discharge their secretion through the dorsal epidermis of the pre-pharyngeal region. Gland cells producing cyanophil granules and gland cells producing amorphous erythrophil secretion discharge their secretion through the ventral epidermis. A glandular margin is absent. The gland cells exhibit the same distribution in the cephalic region, although they are scarcer. The main nervous system is organized in approximately 24 longitudinal nerve cords.The shape of each cord resembles a necklace of beads (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[597,746,1057,1079]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 14A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerebral ganglia could not be discerned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,658,1907]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The cutaneous musculature comprises three layers, namely, a subepidermal layer of circular muscle (2–3 µm thick), followed by a double layer with diagonal fibres (4 µm) and a third layer of longitudinal muscle (20–25 µm dorsally, 17–20 µm ventrally). Muscle fibres of the longitudinal muscle layer are arranged into bundles with six to 15 fibres each (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 14E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cutaneous musculature thickness relative to body height at the pre-pharyngeal region is 6.7%. The musculature in the cephalic region maintains the organization observed in the pre-pharyngeal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,658,1907]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The parenchymal musculature comprises three layers of scattered fibres, namely, a dorsal double layer (12–15 µm thick) of decussate fibres, a supraintestinal layer of transverse muscle (40–50 µm) and a subintestinal layer of transverse muscle (35–50 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[153,278,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 14C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,658,1907]" lastBlockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The mouth is situated at the end of the pharyngeal pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[234,334,1670,1692]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A distinct oesophagus is present. The oesophagus to pharynx length ratio is 24%. The pharynx is cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[440,545,1731,1754]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oesophagic musculature consists of a subepithelial layer of circular muscle (40 µm thick), followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle (25 µm thick). Two
|
||
<typeStatus box="[438,499,1824,1845]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of gland cells discharge their erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively, through the covering epithelium of the distal portion of the pharynx. The outer pharyngeal musculature consists of a subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscle (2.5 µm thick), followed by a layer of circular muscle (7.5 µm thick). The inner pharyngeal musculature consists of a single muscle of circular and longitudinal fibres interwoven.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The testes range between club- and pear-shaped and are 180–230 µm in diameter. The testes are surrounded by a pigmented covering (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1252,1410,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 14C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and are distributed into one to two rows at each side of the body. They are located dorsally, beneath the supraintestinal parenchymal muscle, and between the intestinal branches. The anteriormost testes lie at a distance from the anterior tip of the body equivalent approximately to 10% of the body length; the posteriormost testes are located
|
||
<quantity box="[1268,1338,657,678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(8% of body length) anterior to the pharynx, i.e. at a distance from the anterior body tip equivalent to 52.4% of the body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The sperm ducts are located dorsally to the ovovitelline ducts. The distal portion of the sperm ducts is bent dorsally and medially to open into the mid-dorsal region of the prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1311,1410,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal portion of one of the ducts is dilated to form a spermiducal vesicle filled with sperm. The anteriorhalf of the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar, dilated and with a folded wall. The posterior-half is narrow and located within the penis bulb, whose dorso-anterior region is traversed by the prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15B– D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ejaculatory duct runs within the penis papilla to open at its tip (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1011,1136,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The prostatic vesicle is lined with a columnar epithelium in its proximal region; otherwise, the lining epithelium is cuboidal. Abundant gland cells discharge cyanophil granules into the prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dilated portion of the prostatic vesicle is surrounded by a single muscle (10–65 µm thick) of intermingled fibres, while the canalicular portion is surrounded by a single circular muscle (15 µm thick).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The ejaculatory duct is lined with a cuboidal, ciliated epithelium, through which
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1215,1325,1424,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of gland cells discharge cyanophil and erythrophil granules, respectively. Muscle fibres surrounding this duct are not apparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The penis papilla is conical, with the dorsal insertion shifted backward and its basis somewhat bulged. This papilla occupies the entire length of the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,950,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epithelium of the penis papilla is cuboidal-to-columnar and is pierced by the openings of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[843,966,1700,1721]" pageId="20" pageNumber="857" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of numerous gland cells producing erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively. The epithelium is underlain by a single circular muscle (10 µm thick). Multiple radial and longitudinal muscle fibres are located in the stroma of the penis papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="21.[163,780,197,1323]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="858" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The male atrium is smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1154,1278,1852,1875]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="857">Fig. 15C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is lined with a low epithelium (10 µm high) proximally and tall (30 µm thick) in the other regions. Two
|
||
<typeStatus box="[686,749,198,219]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of gland cells discharge their cyanophil and erythrophil granules, respectively, through the atrial epithelium. Cyanophil granules are particularly abundant in the proximal region of the male atrium. The atrial epithelium is underlain by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle (7.5 µm thick), followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle (5 µm thick).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,197,1323]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
The ovaries are ovoid, with 190 µm in maximum diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,395,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,1024,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-386@19.[648,1151,1007,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 16. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are located at a distance from the anterior body tip equivalent to about 11% of the body length. The ovovitelline ducts emerge from the dorsoposterior portion of the ovaries (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[664,764,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,1024,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-386@19.[648,1151,1007,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 16. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laterally to the gonopore and the female atrium, the ovovitelline ducts ascend dorsoposteriorly, to subsequently bending anteriorly to communicate with the common ovovitelline duct. This unpaired duct runs dorso-anteriorly to join the posterodorsal region of the female atrium. In this joining point, a short diverticulum of projects anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[568,663,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[163,242,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,206,819]" captionTargetId="figure-210@19.[163,1443,195,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the prostatic vesicle. C, diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct. D, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. Arrowhead points to the entrance of a sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814009/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,197,1323]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
The female atrium is spherical-to-ovoid. A dorsal fold located above the gonopore narrows the communication of the male and female atria. The female atrium is approximately as long as the male atrium and is lined with a columnar (150 µm high) epithelium provided with an irregular surface and stratified appearance. This epithelium has scattered and unevenly distributed cilia, presenting some spaces with a vacuolar aspect filled with cyanophil secretion (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,299,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,1024,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-386@19.[648,1151,1007,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 16. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 16B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This atrial epithelium is pierced by the necks of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[260,369,1117,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of gland cells producing erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively. The lining epithelium of the female atrium is underlain by a subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscle (2.5 µm thick), followed by a layer of circular muscle (7.5 µm thick); ectally to this muscle is a longitudinal loose muscle (20 µm) coating the atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,665,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="19.[163,241,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,1024,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-386@19.[648,1151,1007,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 16. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section showing an ovary. Arrowheads point to the limit of the ovary. B, C, sagittal sections showing the female atrium. Arrow points to the diverticulum of the common glandular ovovitelline duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814011/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,1364,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,775,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Remarks on Geoplanini and the neae genus</emphasis>
|
||
Transandiplana:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ALMEIDA & CARBAYO" authorityYear="2023" box="[403,611,1394,1415]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[403,611,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Transandiplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested in Geoplanini in all molecular trees. This tribe also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[272,690,1456,1478]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Amaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,356,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Amaga</emphasis>
|
||
Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grau & Sluys, 2012" authorityName="Grau & Sluys" authorityYear="2012" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Bogga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,779,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Bogga</emphasis>
|
||
Grau & Sluys, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Barreirana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,529,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Barreirana</emphasis>
|
||
Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003" authorityName="Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2003" box="[236,774,1517,1539]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cephaloflexa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,391,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Cephaloflexa</emphasis>
|
||
Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Graff, 1896" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1896" box="[163,488,1548,1570]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,345,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Choeradoplana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[354,488,1548,1570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="75 - 93" refId="ref37926" refString="Graff LV. 1896. Uber das System und die geographische Verbreitung der Landplanarien. Verhandlungen der Deutsche Zoologischen Gesellschaft 6: 75 - 93." type="journal article" year="1896">Graff, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2013" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,595,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Cratera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,765,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leal-Zanchet & Marques, 2018" authorityName="Leal-Zanchet & Marques" authorityYear="2018" box="[235,773,1578,1600]" genus="Difroehlichia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,392,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Difroehlichia</emphasis>
|
||
Leal-Zanchet & Marques, 2018
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Diesing, 1862" authorityName="Diesing" authorityYear="1862" box="[163,437,1609,1631]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,249,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Geobia</emphasis>
|
||
Diesing, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schultze, 1856" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1856" box="[454,771,1609,1631]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,572,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Geoplana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schultze M" box="[585,771,1609,1631]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="19 - 38" refId="ref39129" refString="Schultze M. 1856. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Landplanarien nach Mittheilungen des Dr. Fritz Muller in Brasilien und nach eigenen Untersuchungen. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle 4: 19 - 38." type="journal article" year="1856">Schultze, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2013" box="[163,491,1640,1662]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,245,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Imbira</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" box="[253,491,1640,1662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis box="[361,413,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Froehlich, 1954" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1954" box="[507,774,1639,1662]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Issoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,579,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Issoca</emphasis>
|
||
Froehlich, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo, 2010" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2010" box="[163,487,1670,1692]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Luteostriata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,307,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Luteostriata</emphasis>
|
||
Carbayo, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2013" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Matuxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,599,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Matuxia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,765,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[237,774,1701,1723]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Notogynaphallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,439,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Notogynaphallia</emphasis>
|
||
Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2013" box="[163,496,1732,1754]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,248,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Obama</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" box="[257,496,1732,1754]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis box="[364,417,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo et al., 2013" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2013" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[511,596,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Paraba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,765,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[240,689,1762,1784]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pasipha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,339,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Pasipha</emphasis>
|
||
Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Piima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,779,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Piima</emphasis>
|
||
Carbayo, 2020
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[357,554,1793,1814]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,554,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(collective genus) Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003" authorityName="Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2003" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Supramontana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[477,649,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Supramontana</emphasis>
|
||
Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Negrete et al., 2020" authorityName="Negrete" authorityYear="2020" box="[395,728,1854,1876]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Winsoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[395,498,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Winsoria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Negrete L & Alvarez-Presas M & Riutort M & Brusa F" box="[505,728,1854,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="588 - 612" refId="ref38712" refString="Negrete L, Alvarez-Presas M, Riutort M, Brusa F. 2020. Integrative taxonomy of land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) from the Andean-Patagonian Forests from Argentina and Chile, with the erection of two new genera. Journal of Zoological Systematics and EVolutionary Research 59: 588 - 612." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Negrete
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,660,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Froehlich, 1955" authorityName="C. G. Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" box="[163,443,1885,1907]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Xerapoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,257,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Xerapoa</emphasis>
|
||
Froehlich, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,197,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
Geoplanini differ from the remaining tribes by a unique combination of characters, namely, dorsum convex (vs. carinate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1117,1281,258,280]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Adinoplanini">Adinoplanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dorsal eyes (vs. only marginal in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1128,1248,289,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Haranini">Haranini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1271,1435,289,311]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Inakayaliini">Inakayaliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[827,970,319,341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Polycladini">Polycladini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[986,1147,319,341]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Sarcoplanini">Sarcoplanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Timymini), dorsal longitudinal cutaneous muscle not sunken into the parenchyma (vs. sunken in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1149,1258,381,403]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Gusanini">Gusanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the Geoplanini
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012" authorityName="Carbayo & Froehlich" authorityYear="2012" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gladismariae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1176,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Choeradoplana gladismariae</emphasis>
|
||
Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an exception), pharyngeal pouch anterior to the copulatory apparatus (vs. extending posteriorly over the copulatory apparatus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1269,1384,503,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Haranini">Haranini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Timymini), female atrium without musculoglandular organs (vs. with it in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1075,1227,565,587]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Adinoplanini">Adinoplanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1286,1435,565,587]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Sarcoplanini">Sarcoplanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and female genital duct not dilated (vs. dilated in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[827,974,626,648]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Inakayaliini">Inakayaliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,197,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
Thus, Geoplanini lack exclusive morphological characteristics. However, the eye distribution pattern might help to recognize most members of the tribe. Although some subcylindrical species of Geoplanini exhibit dorsal eyes, Geoplanini with a flattened body also present dorsal eyes. Exceptions to this pattern are some Geoplanini taxa such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grau & Sluys" authorityYear="2012" box="[1224,1296,841,862]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Bogga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1224,1296,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Bogga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[1354,1436,841,862]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Amaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1354,1436,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Amaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, while being flattened, have only marginal eyes. Nonetheless, the phylogenetic position of these two genera has not yet been assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,197,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
The new Geoplanini genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ALMEIDA & CARBAYO" authorityYear="2023" box="[1207,1411,963,984]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1207,1411,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Transandiplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by one single individual. It is retrieved as an ingroup of Geoplanini in all analyses, having an unstable position, either sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1324,1443,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Geoplana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stimpson W" box="[827,1008,1086,1108]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref39368" refString="Stimpson W. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quae in expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, Johanne Rodgers Duce a Republica Federate missa, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1858">Stimpson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1024,1090,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[145,1389,984,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-483@4.[145,1426,989,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the concatenated dataset under maximum likelihood as the optimality criterion. Numbers at the nodes correspond to ultrafast bootstrap values. Subfamilies and internal groups of Geoplaninae were collapsed. The same, non-collapsed tree is available in the Supporting Information, Figure S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813981/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[168,1443,195,1417]" captionTargetId="graphics-229@7.[177,1314,768,1417]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Adinoplana alerna sp. nov. Photomicrographs of the holotype.A, transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. B, horizontal section through the dorsal epidermis. C, transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal, ventral region; the inset shows a detail of the hollow longitudinal muscle fibres. D, horizontal section of near ventral epidermis. E, sagittal section of a region close to the penis bulb." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813985/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
|
||
), to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[913,1291,1117,1139]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[913,1129,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[1148,1283,1117,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[983,1066,1147,1169]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,939,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-315@6.[145,1425,939,1807]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Adinoplana alerna sp. nov. Living holotype in dorsal (A–C) and ventral views (D). Scale not available. The body is approximately 50 mm long." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813983/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
) or it is a branch of a polytomy (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1119,1205,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[145,1389,984,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-483@4.[145,1426,989,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the concatenated dataset under maximum likelihood as the optimality criterion. Numbers at the nodes correspond to ultrafast bootstrap values. Subfamilies and internal groups of Geoplaninae were collapsed. The same, non-collapsed tree is available in the Supporting Information, Figure S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813981/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Figs S2</figureCitation>
|
||
, S
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1232,1246,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[146,224,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,988]" captionTargetId="figure-468@8.[151,1008,218,635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Adinoplana alerna sp. nov. Holotype.A, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. B, photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the ventral insertion of the pharynx. C, diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813987/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">5</figureCitation>
|
||
, S
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1274,1288,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[162,243,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1227]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Adinoplana alerna sp. nov. Holotype. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of the male components of the copulatory apparatus showing musculoglandular organs.A, prostatic vesicle, penis papilla and male atrium. B, penis papilla. C, dorsal insertion of the penis papilla. D, musculoglandular organs embedded in the dorsoanterior wall of the male atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7813989/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,197,1905]" lastBlockId="22.[145,762,196,802]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[851,1133,1209,1230]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,1133,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
largely resembles some Geoplanini genera in the general shape of the copulatory apparatus, including the lack of structures such as musculoglandular organs. However, while it is similar to other Geoplanini, it also exhibits some features uncommon in Geoplanini, namely, sensory depressions, the main nervous system consisting of multiple longitudinal cords, testes provided with a pigmented covering, and the relatively large distance between the testes and the pharynx. With this combination of features,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1120,1212,1516,1537]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1212,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">T. graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not fit well in any of the Geoplaninae tribes. Sensory depressions are known from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[976,1128,1577,1599]" family="Geoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="893" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Sarcoplanini">Sarcoplanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main nervous system in Geoplanini consists of either two longitudinal cords (usually in small and thin species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. G. Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" box="[1290,1384,1639,1660]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Xerapoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1290,1384,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Xerapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or it exhibits the aspect of an even plate (especially in large and flat organisms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1147,1231,1699,1720]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1147,1231,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Obama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an exception, as it presents both a slender body and a main nervous system consisting of multiple cords. These two latter features (dark spots covering testes and relative position of posteriormost testes) are underreported in most old species descriptions. Testes covered with dark spots were only reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="859" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="858" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ladislavii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="859" pageId="21" pageNumber="858">Obama ladislaƲii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[283,422,197,219]" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez-Presas M & Amaral SV & Carbayo F & LealZanchet AM & Riutort M" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" pagination="379 - 403" refId="ref36802" refString="Alvarez-Presas M, Amaral SV, Carbayo F, LealZanchet AM, Riutort M. 2015. Focus on the details: morphological evidence supports new cryptic land flatworm (Platyhelminthes) species revealed with molecules. Organism DiVersity and EVolution 15: 379 - 403." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Álvarez-Presas
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,754,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given the general morphological resemblance of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[179,282,259,280]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,282,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">T. graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other Geoplanini taxa and the phylogenetic position as an ingroup of Geoplanini, we tentatively place the species and the genus within Geoplanini.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,762,196,802]" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[169,430,381,403]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Transandiplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graui">
|
||
<emphasis box="[169,430,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">Transandiplana graui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[568,679,381,402]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,679,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">Geoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="E. M. Froehlich, 1978" authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1978" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caleta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,761,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">caleta</emphasis>
|
||
E. M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Froehlich EM" box="[210,387,412,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" pagination="7 - 80" refId="ref37615" refString="Froehlich EM. 1978. On a collection of Chilean land planarians. Boletins de Zoologia da UniVersidade de Sao Paulo 3: 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Froehlich,
|
||
<quantity box="[332,387,412,433]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02412" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" unit="in" value="1978.0">1978</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the general aspect of the body and internal organs. However, important diagnostic traits (ventrolateral sensory depressions; main nervous system comprising multiple longitudinal cords; testes surrounded by a pigmented covering) and molecular data of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1978" box="[427,534,565,586]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caleta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,534,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">G. caleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unknown. Thus, a systematic replacement would be speculative. Interestingly, both species occur in an adverse climatic region, namely, the Huasco river valley, in the arid Norte Chico zone (
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[372,481,688,709]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
||
) of the Chilean Andes. Annual rainfall in the region is
|
||
<quantity box="[553,640,719,740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
/year, and the relative humidity ranges between 66–74% (see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Julia C & Montecinos S & Maldonado A" box="[145,334,780,802]" pageId="22" pageNumber="859" pagination="25 - 42" refId="ref38253" refString="Julia C, Montecinos S, Maldonado A. 2008. Caracteristicas climaticas de la region de Atacama. In: Squeo FA, Arancio G, Gutierrez JR, eds. Libro Rojo de la Flora NatiVa y de los Sitios Prioritarios para su ConserVacion: Region de Atacama, Vol. 3. La Serena: Ediciones Universidad de La Serena, 25 - 42." type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
||
Juliá
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,266,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="859">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |