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<emphasis id="B9192C57FF99FF98FF77F9EDFEDCF97C" box="[151,338,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
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Booth 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF99FF98FB78F9EDFADAF97C" author="Poorani, J." box="[1176,1364,1658,1682]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref38985" refString="Poorani, J. (2002) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian Subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002: 312</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF99FF98FEDBF90FFE51F95F" author="Li, W. J. &amp; Huo, L. Z. &amp; Wang, D. &amp; Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M." box="[315,479,1688,1713]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref37468" refString="Li, W. J., Huo, L. Z., Wang, D., Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M. (2018) Contribution to the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini), with descriptions of two new species from China. European Journal of Taxonomy, 469, 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.469" type="journal article" year="2018">
Li 
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<emphasis id="B9192C57FF99FF98FF77F949FE9CF916" bold="true" box="[151,274,1758,1784]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length: 3.20–4.00 mm; width: 
<quantity id="4C955DA0FF99FF98FD61F948FCA7F917" box="[641,809,1759,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.9">2.90–3.90 mm</quantity>
. Form (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF99FF98FC64F948FC71F917" box="[900,1023,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[291,1297,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@55.[291,1297,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 40. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d. head; e. maxilla; f. antenna; g. spermatheca; h–k. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis; k. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209008/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 40a–c</figureCitation>
) subrounded, dorsum hemispherical and strongly convex, shiny and glabrous. Head dull orange yellow. Pronotum dark pitchy brown to black in middle, paler on sides, anterolateral flanks orange yellow to yellowish-testaceous. Elytra black, shiny, finely punctate. Ventral side including legs and inner half of elytral epipleura orange yellow to yellowish brown, outer margins of epipleura pitchy brown to black. 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FE07F8F8FDAFF867" box="[487,545,1903,1929]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Male</collectingRegion>
genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF99FF98FD77F8F8FC97F867" box="[663,793,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[291,1297,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@55.[291,1297,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 40. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d. head; e. maxilla; f. antenna; g. spermatheca; h–k. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis; k. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209008/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 40h–k</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF99FF98FCC4F8F8FCE7F867" box="[804,873,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[183,1399,164,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-44@56.[177,1406,151,1890]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 41. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius), male genitalia, variations: a, e. tegmen, lateral view; b, f. tegmen, ventral view; c, g. penis; d. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209010/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">41a–d</figureCitation>
) and spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF99FF98FBA3F8F8FB2DF867" box="[1091,1187,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[291,1297,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@55.[291,1297,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 40. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d. head; e. maxilla; f. antenna; g. spermatheca; h–k. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis; k. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209008/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C955DA0FF99FF98FB97F8F8FB2DF867" box="[1143,1187,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="g" value="40.0">40g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF99FF98FF27F804FC93F843" blockId="53.[151,1436,1758,2037]" box="[199,797,1939,1965]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF99FF98FF27F804FE18F843" bold="true" box="[199,406,1939,1965]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Life stages (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF99FF98FDC6F804FDF9F843" box="[550,631,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-15@59.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 43. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius), life stages: a. egg, magnified; b, c. eggs; d–h. larva; i–l. pupae; m. eclosing adult; n. adult; o. Homalotylus hemipterinus (Encyrtidae), its larval parasitoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209014/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377A3CEFF99FF9BFF27F821FC7DFF3B" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF99FF9BFF27F821FC7DFF3B" blockId="53.[151,1436,1758,2037]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF99FF98FF27F821FEEFF83E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1974,2000]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF99FF98FE87F820FE2BF83F" box="[359,421,1975,2001]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">India</collectingCountry>
: Widely distributed (Andamans; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FCF1F820FC49F83F" box="[785,967,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FC30F820FBAEF83F" box="[976,1056,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Assam</collectingRegion>
; Goa; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FB87F820FB31F83F" box="[1127,1215,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FB29F820FACEF83F" box="[1225,1344,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FAAAF820FA16F83F" box="[1354,1432,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kerala</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FF77F84CFEA9F81B" box="[151,295,2011,2037]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FED3F84CFEF0F81B" box="[307,382,2011,2037]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Orissa</collectingRegion>
; Punjab; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FE08F84CFDFCF81B" box="[488,626,2011,2037]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FD9EF84CFC92F81B" box="[638,796,2011,2037]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF99FF98FCC8F84CFC32F81B" box="[808,956,2011,2037]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF99FF98FC31F84CFBCAF81B" box="[977,1092,2011,2037]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF99FF98FBB0F84CFB58F81B" box="[1104,1238,2011,2037]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF99FF98FB03F84CFAC8F81B" box="[1251,1350,2011,2037]" name="Pakistan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF99FF98FAB2F84CFA16F81B" box="[1362,1432,2011,2037]" name="Nepal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Nepal</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFF77FF00FE86FF5F" box="[151,264,151,177]" name="Myanmar" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFEF4FF00FEF0FF5F" box="[276,382,151,177]" name="Malaysia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
; Chagos Archipelago; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFD60FF00FD7FFF5F" box="[640,753,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFD1DFF00FCCBFF5F" box="[765,837,151,177]" name="Oman" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oman</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFCB1FF00FC52FF5F" box="[849,988,151,177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFC08FF00FBC5FF5F" box="[1000,1099,151,177]" name="Réunion" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Reunion</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFBB7FF00FB46FF5F" box="[1111,1224,151,177]" name="Mauritius" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFB34FF00FAC1FF5F" box="[1236,1359,151,177]" name="Seychelles" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFABBFF00FA16FF5F" box="[1371,1432,151,177]" name="Togo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Togo</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFF77FF2CFF6AFF3B" box="[151,228,187,213]" name="Ghana" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ghana</collectingCountry>
; East Africa; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFE9BFF2CFE46FF3B" box="[379,456,187,213]" name="Kenya" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kenya</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFE32FF2CFDB4FF3B" box="[466,570,187,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFDA6FF2CFD56FF3B" box="[582,728,187,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">South Africa</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFD03FF2CFCA5FF3B" box="[739,811,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFCD6FF2CFC26FF3B" box="[822,936,187,213]" name="Dominica" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Dominica</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFC53FF2CFC61FF3B" box="[947,1007,187,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377A3CEFF9AFF94FF27FF48FCC3FB07" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF9AFF9BFF27FF48FCA9FE8B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
It is a native of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF9AFF9BFE43FF48FD0FFF17" authority="subcontinent" authorityName="Subcontinent" box="[419,641,223,249]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian subcontinent</taxonomicName>
and the most widely distributed species of this genus. It has been successfully introduced for the biological control of scale insects into, and naturally invaded, many different climatically appropriate regions of the world, including South America and Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF9AFF9BFC18FEB0FB67FEAF" author="Samways, M. J. &amp; Osborn, R. &amp; Hastings, H. &amp; Hattingh, V." box="[1016,1257,295,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="795 - 812" refId="ref39943" refString="Samways, M. J., Osborn, R., Hastings, H. &amp; Hattingh, V. (1999) Global climate change and accuracy of prediction of species' geographical ranges: establishment success of introduced ladybirds (Coccinellidae, Chilocorus spp.) worldwide. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 795 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.1999.00318. x" type="journal article" year="1999">
Samways 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF9AFF9BFB8DFEB0FB11FEAF" box="[1133,1183,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). Established in the 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF9AFF9BFF20FEDCFF6AFE8B" box="[192,228,331,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">US</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF9AFF9BFF13FEDCFEC8FE8B" box="[243,326,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF9AFF9BFE9CFEDCFE41FE8B" box="[380,463,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Florida</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF9AFF9BFE05FEDCFC95FE8B" author="Thomas, M. C. &amp; Blanchard, O. J." box="[485,795,331,357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref41019" refString="Thomas, M. C. &amp; Blanchard, O. J. (2013) Ladybird beetles - recent immigrants to Florida (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). UF / IFAS Extension, EENY 575. Available from: http: // edis. ifas. ufl. edu (accessed 24 October 2023) https: // doi. org / 10.32473 / edis-in 1012 - 2013" type="journal volume" year="2013">Thomas &amp; Blanchard 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12A0CDFF9AFF9BFF77F837FD89F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209006/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,250,1952,1976]" targetBox="[169,1419,394,1917]" targetPageId="54" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF9AFF9BFF77F837FD89F833" blockId="54.[151,1436,1952,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF9AFF9BFF77F837FEAFF856" bold="true" box="[151,289,1952,1976]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF9AFF9BFEC8F836FD3EF857" authority="Li &amp; Wang" authorityName="Li &amp; Wang" box="[296,688,1953,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricaeruleus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF9AFF9BFEC8F836FDBAF857" box="[296,564,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Chilocorus nigricaeruleus</emphasis>
Li &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, female: a. dorsal view; b. lateral view; c. frontal view; d. prosternum; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. coxites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF12A0CDFF9BFF9AFF77F800FAF6F83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209008/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[291,1297,181,1913]" targetPageId="55" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF9BFF9AFF77F800FAF6F83D" blockId="55.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF9BFF9AFF77F800FEAEF841" bold="true" box="[151,288,1943,1967]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF9BFF9AFEC6F800FDD5F841" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[294,603,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF9BFF9AFEC6F800FE6CF841" box="[294,482,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
: a. adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d. head; e. maxilla; f. antenna; g. spermatheca; h–k. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis; k. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF12A0CDFF94FF95FF77F809FE0EF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209010/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1950,1974]" targetBox="[183,1399,164,1882]" targetPageId="56" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF94FF95FF77F809FE0EF834" blockId="56.[151,1437,1950,2011]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF94FF95FF77F809FEAEF858" bold="true" box="[151,288,1950,1974]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF94FF95FEC6F809FDD7F858" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[294,601,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF94FF95FEC6F809FE6CF858" box="[294,482,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, variations: a, e. tegmen, lateral view; b, f. tegmen, ventral view; c, g. penis; d. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FF01FBAEFF17" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF27FF01FE6AFF5E" bold="true" box="[199,484,150,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
Recorded on numerous hosts, mostly diaspine scales, infesting coffee, arecanut, coconut, citrus, neem, bamboo, mango, castor, brinjal, sugarcane, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC80FF2CFBA7FF3A" box="[864,1065,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Morinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinctoria">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC80FF2CFBA7FF3A" box="[864,1065,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Morinda tinctoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBD7FF2CFB62FF3B" box="[1079,1260,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBD7FF2CFB62FF3B" box="[1079,1260,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Nerium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB1AFF2CFF42FF17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB1AFF2CFF42FF17" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cassia corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF3AFF48FEB4FF17" box="[218,314,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Thevetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF3AFF48FEB4FF17" box="[218,314,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Thevetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, etc. Most commonly and almost invariably collected on coconut.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FE94FA9BFBFF" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Specific host records are as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD84FE95FD6BFEF2" box="[612,741,258,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD84FE95FD6BFEF2" bold="true" box="[612,741,258,284]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hemiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD14FE95FCE1FEF2" bold="true" box="[756,879,258,284]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coccoidea</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC9EFE94FB45FEF3" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[894,1227,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC9EFE94FBDDFEF2" box="[894,1107,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aonidiella aurantii</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB36FE94FE93FEAF" authority="(Coquillett)" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrina">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB36FE94FA13FEF2" box="[1238,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aonidiella citrina</emphasis>
(Coquillett)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEC9FEB0FD10FEAF" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[297,670,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEC9FEB0FD9FFEAF" box="[297,529,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aonidiella orientalis</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD4AFEB0FB1EFEAF" authority="(Grandpre &amp; Charmoy)" baseAuthorityName="Grandpre &amp; Charmoy" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[682,1168,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD4AFEB0FCF3FEAF" box="[682,893,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aonidiella simplex</emphasis>
(Grandpré &amp; Charmoy)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB52FEB0FA1EFEAF" authority="Laing" authorityName="Laing" box="[1202,1424,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB52FEB0FACCFEAF" box="[1202,1346,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. andersoni</emphasis>
Laing
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FEDCFE78FE8B" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,502,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FEDCFE04FE8B" box="[151,394,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aspidiotus destructor</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDE3FEDCFD32FE8B" authority="Bouche" authorityName="Bouche" authorityYear="1833" box="[515,700,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nerii">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDE3FEDCFDD4FE8A" box="[515,602,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. nerii</emphasis>
Bouché
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD2AFEDCFCF4FE8B" box="[714,890,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD2AFEDCFCCEFE8B" box="[714,832,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aspidiotus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC69FEDCFAA7FE8B" authority="(Boisduval)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[905,1321,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Asterolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC69FEDCFB16FE8B" box="[905,1176,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Asterolecanium miliaris</emphasis>
(Boisduval)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FAD7FEDCFE9AFE67" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Asterolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FAD7FEDCFF67FE66" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Asterolecanium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEC1FEF8FD19FE67" authority="(Zehntner)" baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[289,663,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegalensis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEC1FEF8FD9AFE67" box="[289,532,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aulacaspis tegalensis</emphasis>
(Zehntner)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD43FEF8FBA6FE67" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1906" box="[675,1064,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubercularis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD43FEF8FC20FE67" box="[675,942,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aulacaspis tubercularis</emphasis>
Newstead
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBD4FEF8FA16FE67" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[1076,1432,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actiniformis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBD4FEF8FAC6FE67" box="[1076,1352,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ceroplastes actiniformis</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FE04FE73FE43" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" box="[151,509,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cajani">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FE04FE0BFE42" box="[151,389,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ceroplastodes cajani</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDE8FE04FD21FE43" box="[520,687,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDE8FE04FD08FE43" box="[520,646,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chionaspis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5CFE04FC42FE43" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[700,972,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5CFE04FCE3FE42" box="[700,877,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aulacaspis vitis</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC0CFE04FB7FFE43" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[1004,1265,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC0CFE04FB2EFE42" box="[1004,1184,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chionaspis vitis</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FAE4FE04FE2BFE3F" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chrysomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aonidum">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FAE4FE04FEADFE3F" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chrysomphalus aonidum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE27FE20FD1DFE3F" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1880" box="[455,659,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chrysomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE27FE20FD90FE3F" box="[455,542,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. ficus</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD48FE20FBE6FE3F" authority="(Morgan)" baseAuthorityName="Morgan" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[680,1128,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chrysomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dictyospermi">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD48FE20FC7CFE3F" box="[680,1010,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chrysomphalus dictyospermi</emphasis>
(Morgan)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB95FE20FEE3FE1B" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chrysomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnulifer" subSpecies="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB95FE20FE90FE1B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chrysomphalus pinnulifer diversicolor</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE99FE4CFD12FE1B" authority="Kannan" authorityName="Kannan" authorityYear="1918" box="[377,668,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colemani">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE99FE4CFDB4FE1B" box="[377,570,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coccus colemani</emphasis>
Kannan
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD47FE4CFC78FE1B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[679,1014,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD47FE4CFC0AFE1B" box="[679,900,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBE1FE4CFA8AFE1B" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1025,1284,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBE1FE4CFB2DFE1B" box="[1025,1187,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FAF0FE4CFEC1FDF7" authority="(Kerner)" baseAuthorityName="Kerner" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Diaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliae">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FAF0FE4CFF6CFDF7" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diaspis bromeliae</emphasis>
(Kerner)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEBCFE68FD3FFDF7" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[348,689,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Diaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinocacti">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEBCFE68FDB3FDF7" box="[348,573,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diaspis echinocacti</emphasis>
(Bouché)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5FFE68FBA6FDF7" authority="(Laing)" baseAuthorityName="Laing" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[703,1064,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Diaspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunorum">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5FFE68FC46FDF6" box="[703,968,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diaspidiotus prunorum</emphasis>
(Laing)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBD6FE68FA16FDF7" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1078,1432,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Drepanococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiton">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBD6FE68FABBFDF7" box="[1078,1333,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Drepanococcus chiton</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FDB4FDA4FDD3" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,554,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eucalymnatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FDB4FE3EFDD3" box="[151,432,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Eucalymnatus tessellatus</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDD4FDB4FC28FDD3" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[564,934,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Hemiberlesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lataniae">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDD4FDB4FCA2FDD3" box="[564,812,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hemiberlesia lataniae</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC50FDB4FB94FDD3" box="[944,1050,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Hsuia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC50FDB4FC7DFDD2" box="[944,1011,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hsuia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBC5FDB4FA17FDD3" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1061,1433,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellarum">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBC5FDB4FA89FDD3" box="[1061,1287,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Icerya seychellarum</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FDD0FD9EFD8F" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,528,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Ischnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FDD0FE18FD8F" box="[151,406,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ischnaspis longirostris</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDFBFDD0FCF1FD8F" authority="(Newman)" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[539,895,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beckii">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDFBFDD0FD70FD8F" box="[539,766,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lepidosaphes beckii</emphasis>
(Newman)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC6AFDD0FB76FD8F" authority="(Packard)" baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[906,1272,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gloverii">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC6AFDD0FB0FFD8F" box="[906,1153,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lepidosaphes gloverii</emphasis>
(Packard)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FAE2FDD0FF37FD6B" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FAE2FDD0FA12FD8F" box="[1282,1436,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lepidosaphes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF28FDFCFEF2FD6B" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" box="[200,380,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF28FDFCFEF2FD6B" box="[200,380,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Megapulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE52FDFCFDA4FD6B" box="[434,554,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE52FDFCFDA4FD6B" box="[434,554,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDDDFDFCFD18FD6A" box="[573,662,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">maxima</emphasis>
(Green), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FCE8FDFCFBEFFD6B" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[776,1121,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Gannaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FCE8FDFCFC73FD6B" box="[776,1021,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Gannaspis glomerata</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB90FDFCFF49FD47" authority="(Nietner)" baseAuthorityName="Nietner" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB90FDFCFAC1FD6A" box="[1136,1359,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
(Nietner)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF35FD18FD21FD47" authority="(Targioni Tozzetti)" baseAuthorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[213,687,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanchardi">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF35FD18FE41FD47" box="[213,463,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parlatoria blanchardi</emphasis>
(Targioni Tozzetti)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5DFD18FB88FD47" authority="McKenzie" authorityName="McKenzie" authorityYear="1943" box="[701,1030,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypta">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5DFD18FC0BFD46" box="[701,901,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parlatoria crypta</emphasis>
McKenzie
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBF3FD18FF52FD23" authority="Ramakrishna Ayyar" authorityName="Ramakrishna Ayyar" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBF3FD18FB70FD47" box="[1043,1278,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parlatoria orientalis</emphasis>
Ramakrishna Ayyar
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF08FD24FD80FD23" authority="(Lucas)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[232,526,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ziziphi">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF08FD24FE20FD23" box="[232,430,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parlatoria ziziphi</emphasis>
(Lucas)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDFAFD24FC27FD23" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[538,937,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDFAFD24FCBFFD23" box="[538,817,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC54FD24FAACFD23" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[948,1314,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pinnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspidistrae">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC54FD24FB28FD23" box="[948,1190,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pinnaspis aspidistrae</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FACEFD24FEB2FD1F" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pinnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buxi">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FACEFD24FF49FD1F" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pinnaspis buxi</emphasis>
(Bouché)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEA9FD40FD18FD1F" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[329,662,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Serenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEA9FD40FD91FD1E" box="[329,543,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Serenaspis minima</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD29FD40FBBCFD1F" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[713,1074,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Hemichionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD29FD40FC47FD1E" box="[713,969,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hemichionaspis minor</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBA7FD40FA16FD1F" authority="(Cooley)" baseAuthorityName="Cooley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1095,1432,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pinnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strachani">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBA7FD40FAA7FD1F" box="[1095,1321,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pinnaspis strachani</emphasis>
(Cooley)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FD6CFEC6FCFB" box="[151,328,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Palmicultor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FD6CFE93FCFB" box="[151,285,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Palmicultor</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEB6FD6CFDF6FCFB" authority="(Risso)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[342,632,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Planococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEB6FD6CFD93FCFA" box="[342,541,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Planococcus citri</emphasis>
(Risso)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD66FD6CFC67FCFB" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[646,1001,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Prococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutissimus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD66FD6CFC09FCFA" box="[646,903,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Prococcus acutissimus</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC16FD6CFA16FCFB" authority="(Cooley)" baseAuthorityName="Cooley" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1014,1432,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC16FD6CFAA6FCFB" box="[1014,1320,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli</emphasis>
(Cooley)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FC88FD27FCD7" authority="(Targioni Tozzetti)" baseAuthorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[151,681,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagona">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FC88FE5EFCD6" box="[151,464,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</emphasis>
(Targioni Tozzetti)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD53FC88FC19FCD7" box="[691,919,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaulacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD53FC88FCE1FCD7" box="[691,879,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudaulacaspis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC43FC88FB77FCD7" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1918" box="[931,1273,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC43FC88FB17FCD6" box="[931,1177,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudococcus cryptus</emphasis>
Hempel
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FAF8FC88FF6EFCB3" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriculus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FAF8FC88FA12FCD7" box="[1304,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. citriculus</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF13FCD4FD1AFCB3" authority="Beardsley" authorityName="Beardsley" authorityYear="1966" box="[243,660,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF13FCD4FD92FCB3" box="[243,540,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudococcus gilbertensis</emphasis>
Beardsley
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD7FFCD4FCE8FCB3" box="[671,870,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD7FFCD4FCB0FCB3" box="[671,830,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC93FCD4FB1AFCB3" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1893" box="[883,1172,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC93FCD4FBBEFCB3" box="[883,1072,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pulvinaria psidii</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB7FFCD4FE89FC6F" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polygonata">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB7FFCD4FA12FCB3" box="[1183,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pulvinaria polygonata</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEF7FCF0FE44FC6F" box="[279,458,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEF7FCF0FE01FC6F" box="[279,399,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE3BFCF0FC16FC6F" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[475,920,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Comstockaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE3BFCF0FC8AFC6E" box="[475,772,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Comstockaspis perniciosa</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC47FCF0FA93FC6F" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1986" box="[935,1309,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rastrococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invadens">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC47FCF0FB22FC6F" box="[935,1196,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rastrococcus invadens</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FACFFCF0FE52FC4B" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Saccharicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FACFFCF0FEC0FC4B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Saccharicoccus sacchari</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE0BFC1CFCF7FC4B" authority="(Morgan)" baseAuthorityName="Morgan" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[491,889,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Selenaspidus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="articulatus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE0BFC1CFC8FFC4B" box="[491,769,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Selenaspidus articulatus</emphasis>
(Morgan)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC68FC1CFB9AFC4B" box="[904,1044,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Tecaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC68FC1CFC69FC4A" box="[904,999,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tecaspis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBC4FC1CFA12FC4B" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" box="[1060,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBC4FC1CFA84FC4B" box="[1060,1290,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ceroplastes stellifer</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF50FC38FD98FC27" authority="(Westwood))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[176,534,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Vinsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifera">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF50FC38FEF2FC27" box="[176,380,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Vinsonia stellifera</emphasis>
(Westwood))
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDC0FC39FD3CFC26" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[544,690,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDC0FC39FD3CFC26" bold="true" box="[544,690,942,968]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aleyrodidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5FFC38FBB3FC27" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[703,1085,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barodensis">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5FFC38FC49FC27" box="[703,967,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aleurolobus barodensis</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBA7FC38FA16FC27" authority="Russell" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1095,1432,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispersus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FBA7FC38FAB3FC27" box="[1095,1341,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aleurodicus dispersus</emphasis>
Russell
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF77FC44FD9BFC03" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,533,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurothrixus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccosus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF77FC44FE10FC03" box="[151,414,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aleurothrixus floccosus</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDFEFC45FD14FC02" box="[542,666,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FDFEFC45FD14FC02" bold="true" box="[542,666,978,1004]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aphididae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD48FC44FC9EFC03" box="[680,784,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD48FC44FD66FC03" box="[680,744,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aphis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FCFBFC44FB05FC03" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[795,1163,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Brachycaudus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardui">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FCFBFC44FB87FC03" box="[795,1033,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Brachycaudus cardui</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB75FC44FEDDFBFF" authority="(Kirkaldy)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricidus" subGenus="Toxoptera">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB75FC44FF5CFBFF" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus</emphasis>
(Kirkaldy)
</taxonomicName>
, indigo aphid. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE18FC61FDEDFBFE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[504,611,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE18FC61FDEDFBFE" bold="true" box="[504,611,1014,1040]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Psyllidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD92FC60FC3AFBFF" authority="Kuwayama" authorityName="Kuwayama" box="[626,948,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diaphorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD92FC60FCA5FBFE" box="[626,811,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diaphorina citri</emphasis>
Kuwayama
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC5FFC60FA9FFBFF" authority="(Del Guercio)" baseAuthorityName="Del Guercio" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[959,1297,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Trioza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erytreae">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC5FFC60FBE4FBFE" box="[959,1130,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Trioza erytreae</emphasis>
(Del Guercio)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FB8DFE93FB4F" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF27FB8DFE4CFBDB" bold="true" box="[199,450,1050,1077]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Collected almost throughout the year in south 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF95FF94FC3AFB8CFB99FBDB" box="[986,1047,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
. Mass assemblages of overwintering or aestivating populations common on banyan trees (
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FCF5FBA8FC62FBB7" box="[789,1004,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FCF5FBA8FCDDFBB6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1880" box="[789,851,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chrysomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
benghalensis
</emphasis>
L., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FBFAFBA8FB03FBB7" box="[1050,1165,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
), particularly during hot months (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF17FBF4FD9EFB93" author="Tirumala Rao, V. &amp; David, A. L. &amp; Rao, K. R. M." box="[247,528,1122,1149]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref41120" refString="Tirumala Rao, V., David, A. L. &amp; Rao, K. R. M. (1954) Attempts at the utilisation of Chilocorus nigritus Fab. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Madras State. Indian Journal of Entomology, 16, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">
Tirumala Rao 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE78FBF4FE46FB93" box="[408,456,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 1954
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FDFAFBF4FD27FB93" author="Ketkar, S. M." box="[538,681,1122,1149]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="273" refId="ref36695" refString="Ketkar, S. M. (1959) Mass assemblage of the coccinellid beetle, Chilocorus nigritus Fabr. on banyan trees in Poona. Science &amp; Culture, 25, 273." type="journal article" year="1959">Ketkar 1959</bibRefCitation>
). Small to large congregations are seen on bamboo in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF95FF94FA83FBF4FA13FB93" box="[1379,1437,1123,1149]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
(label data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FB3CFCC3FB07" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF27FB3CFE1DFB2A" bold="true" box="[199,403,1194,1221]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
Larvae are parasitized by 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD22FB3CFB0CFB2B" authority="(De Stefani)" baseAuthorityName="De Stefani" box="[706,1154,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemipterinus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD22FB3CFC65FB2B" box="[706,1003,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Homalotylus hemipterinus</emphasis>
(De Stefani)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB6FFB3CFE94FB07" authority="Timberlake" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB6FFB3CFA12FB2A" box="[1167,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Homalotylus mexicanus</emphasis>
Timberlake
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEB5FB58FD85FB07" box="[341,523,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEB5FB58FE6AFB07" box="[341,484,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Homalotylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FDF9FB58FD36FB07" box="[537,696,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD22FB58FCCFFB07" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[706,833,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377A3CEFF95FF94FF27FB64FC52F857" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FB64FD0AFA97" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF27FB64FE9FFAE3" bold="true" box="[199,273,1267,1293]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Notes.</emphasis>
This species is more commonly known in the literature as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FC54FB64FB01FAE2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[948,1167,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FC54FB64FB01FAE2" box="[948,1167,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, which is incorrect. As per the rules of Zoological Nomenclature, the species name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FCDBFA80FC09FADE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[827,903,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FCDBFA80FC09FADE" box="[827,903,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a noun, does not change its ending when combined with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEA7FAACFE4DFABB" box="[327,451,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEA7FAACFE4DFABB" box="[327,451,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chilocorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a generic name of different gender from the original genus, namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FB31FAACFAC4FABB" box="[1233,1354,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB31FAACFAC4FABB" box="[1233,1354,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Coccinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FAB9FAACFE9DFA97" author="Grenstead, L. W." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 252" refId="ref35130" refString="Grenstead, L. W. (1951) A note on the trivial names nigrita and nigritus. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 87, 251 - 252." type="journal article" year="1951">Grenstead 1951</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FEFFFAC8FE6AFA97" author="Booth, R. G. &amp; Cox, M. L. &amp; Madge, R. B." box="[287,484,1375,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref33020" refString="Booth, R. G., Cox, M. L. &amp; Madge, R. B. (1990) IIE Guides to Insects of Importance to Man. 3. Coleoptera. CAB International, Wallingford, 384 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Booth 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE8AFAC8FE15FA97" box="[362,411,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FE10FAC8FDF9FA97" author="Booth, R. G." box="[496,631,1375,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="361 - 367" refId="ref32895" refString="Booth, R. G. (1998) A review of the species resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): potential agents for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88 (4), 361 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300042115" type="journal article" year="1998">Booth 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27FA14FED3F953" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
The male genitalia show some intraspecific variations, particularly the penis differs in terms of overall length and curvature but the shape of the penis capsule appears to be constant. The male genitalia illustrations of ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FADCFA30FF23FA0A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FADCFA30FF23FA0A" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF35FA5CFEF5FA0B" author="Li, W. J. &amp; Huo, L. Z. &amp; Wang, D. &amp; Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M." box="[213,379,1483,1509]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref37468" refString="Li, W. J., Huo, L. Z., Wang, D., Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M. (2018) Contribution to the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini), with descriptions of two new species from China. European Journal of Taxonomy, 469, 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.469" type="journal article" year="2018">
Li 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF14FA5CFEAAFA0B" box="[244,292,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
appear to differ from typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5EFA5CFCA7FA0A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[702,809,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5EFA5CFCA7FA0A" box="[702,809,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material from 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF95FF94FC2DFA5CFB89FA0B" box="[973,1031,1483,1509]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
in having slightly differently shaped parameres and penis capsule without a triangular expansion. In some examples studied from 
<collectingRegion id="49A93EA7FF95FF94FB4EFA78FB73F9E7" box="[1198,1277,1519,1545]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Assam</collectingRegion>
, north-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F37AB0D5FF95FF94FF77F984FF5FF9C3" box="[151,209,1555,1581]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF95FF94FF01F984FED7F9C3" box="[225,345,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[203,1384,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 42. Chilocorus nigrita-group (from Assam, NE India): a. adult female, frontal view; b. adult male, frontal view; c. abdomen, male; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex; i. coxites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209012/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 42a–i</figureCitation>
), the male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF95FF94FDA9F984FD4BF9C3" box="[585,709,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[203,1384,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 42. Chilocorus nigrita-group (from Assam, NE India): a. adult female, frontal view; b. adult male, frontal view; c. abdomen, male; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex; i. coxites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209012/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 42e–h</figureCitation>
) are somewhat similar to those illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FB2FF984FAF3F9C3" author="Li, W. J. &amp; Huo, L. Z. &amp; Wang, D. &amp; Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M." box="[1231,1405,1555,1581]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref37468" refString="Li, W. J., Huo, L. Z., Wang, D., Ahrens, D. &amp; Wang, X. M. (2018) Contribution to the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini), with descriptions of two new species from China. European Journal of Taxonomy, 469, 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.469" type="journal article" year="2018">
Li 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FB10F984FAA4F9C3" box="[1264,1322,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FF41F9A0FE80F9BE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[161,270,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FF41F9A0FE80F9BE" box="[161,270,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, but differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE38F9A0FDC8F9BE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[472,582,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE38F9A0FDC8F9BE" box="[472,582,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a darker head in female with narrowly yellowish pronotal flanks (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF95FF94FF7FF9CCFF73F99B" box="[159,253,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[203,1384,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 42. Chilocorus nigrita-group (from Assam, NE India): a. adult female, frontal view; b. adult male, frontal view; c. abdomen, male; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex; i. coxites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209012/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 42a</figureCitation>
) and yellowish-testaceous head and slightly more broadly yellowish pronotal anterolateral corners in male (
<figureCitation id="1356ECC0FF95FF94FF7FF9E8FF71F977" box="[159,255,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[203,1384,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 42. Chilocorus nigrita-group (from Assam, NE India): a. adult female, frontal view; b. adult male, frontal view; c. abdomen, male; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex; i. coxites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209012/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 42b</figureCitation>
) as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FEA7F9E8FE26F977" box="[327,424,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melas">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEA7F9E8FE26F977" box="[327,424,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. melas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FE56F9E8FD0BF976" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[438,645,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FE56F9E8FD0BF976" box="[438,645,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8BC6FF95FF94FD5BF9E8FC92F977" box="[699,796,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melas">
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FD5BF9E8FC92F977" box="[699,796,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C. melas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not easily separated even by male genitalia due to the overall similarity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2F045FF95FF94FF27F950FC52F857" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Numerous works have been published on its bioecology, hosts, distribution, etc. and some notable works are as follows: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF1CF97CFE2EF8EB" author="Stebbing, E. P." box="[252,416,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="47 - 62" refId="ref40889" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1903) Coleoptera 2. Notes upon the known predaceous Coccinellidae of the Indian region, Part I. Indian Museum Notes, VI (1), 47 - 62." type="journal article" year="1903">Stebbing 1903</bibRefCitation>
(description of adult, brief notes on life history); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FC39F97CFA16F8EB" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[985,1432,1770,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref39291" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore-I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna 1953</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF77F899FF5CF8C7" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[151,210,1806,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref39321" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1955) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore-II. Indian Journal of Entomology, 17, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF01F898FE76F8C7" author="Greathead, D. J. &amp; Pope, R. D." box="[225,504,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="259 - 270" refId="ref35053" refString="Greathead, D. J. &amp; Pope, R. D. (1977) Studies on the biology and taxonomy of some Chilocorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) preying on Aulacaspis spp. (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in East Africa, with the description of a new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 67, 259 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530001107 X" type="journal article" year="1977">Greathead &amp; Pope 1977</bibRefCitation>
(notes on biology, hosts); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FCD1F898FBE3F8C7" author="Nagaraja, H. &amp; Hussainy, S. U." box="[817,1133,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref38602" refString="Nagaraja, H. &amp; Hussainy, S. U. (1967) A study of six species of Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predaceous on San Jose and other scale insects. Oriental Insects, 1, 249 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1967.10433865" type="journal article" year="1967">Nagaraja &amp; Hussainy 1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FB9CF898FA8CF8C7" author="Booth, R. G." box="[1148,1282,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="361 - 367" refId="ref32895" refString="Booth, R. G. (1998) A review of the species resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): potential agents for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88 (4), 361 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300042115" type="journal article" year="1998">Booth 1998</bibRefCitation>
(detailed descriptions, key, and illustrations of habitus &amp; genitalia); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FCFFF8A4FC3DF8A3" author="Ahmad, R." box="[799,947,1843,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="5 - 16" refId="ref32353" refString="Ahmad, R. (1970) Studies in West Pakistan on the biology of one nitidulid species and two coccinellid species (Coleoptera) that attack scale insects (Hom., Coccoidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 60, 5 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530003409 X" type="journal article" year="1970">Ahmad 1970</bibRefCitation>
(description of immature stages, biology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF77F8C0FE11F89F" author="Raghunath, T. A. V. S. &amp; Rao, B. H. K." box="[151,415,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref39456" refString="Raghunath, T. A. V. S. &amp; Rao, B. H. K. (1982) Seasonal variation in the life cycle of two indigenous predators on scale insect of sugarcane. Indian Sugar, 30 (4), 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1982">Raghunath &amp; Rao 1982</bibRefCitation>
(biology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FDFCF8C0FD48F89F" author="Samways, M. J." box="[540,710,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="91 - 105" refId="ref39773" refString="Samways, M. J. (1984) Biology and economic value of the scale predator Chilocorus nigritus (F.). (Coccinellidae). Biocontrol News and Information, 5, 91 - 105." type="journal article" year="1984">Samways 1984</bibRefCitation>
(review of biology, host range, economic importance); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FAD1F8C0FECDF87B" author="Samways, M. J. &amp; Wilson, S. J." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="177 - 182" refId="ref39870" refString="Samways, M. J. &amp; Wilson, S. J. (1988) Aspects of the feeding behaviour of Chilocorus nigritus (F.) (Col., Coccinellidae) relative to its effectiveness as a biocontrol agent. Journal of Applied Entomology, 106, 177 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1988. tb 00580. x" type="journal article" year="1988">Samways &amp; Wilson 1988</bibRefCitation>
(feeding behaviour); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FDD9F8ECFD6DF87B" author="Samways, M. J." box="[569,739,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="345 - 351" refId="ref39812" refString="Samways, M. J. (1989) Climate diagram and biological control: an example from the areography of the ladybird Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius, 1798) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Journal of Biogeography, 16, 345 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845226" type="journal article" year="1989">Samways 1989</bibRefCitation>
(areography and distribution in relation to climate diagrams); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8DB4FF95FF94FF77F808FE0EF857" author="Samways, M. J. &amp; Osborn, R. &amp; Hastings, H. &amp; Hattingh, V." box="[151,384,1951,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="795 - 812" refId="ref39943" refString="Samways, M. J., Osborn, R., Hastings, H. &amp; Hattingh, V. (1999) Global climate change and accuracy of prediction of species' geographical ranges: establishment success of introduced ladybirds (Coccinellidae, Chilocorus spp.) worldwide. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 795 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.1999.00318. x" type="journal article" year="1999">
Samways 
<emphasis id="B9192C57FF95FF94FEEAF808FEB5F857" box="[266,315,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
(geographical range prediction by climate matching).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>