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<document id="067D3D27B0BC75FD5BD18378F59355C5" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f27bf01d-bf27-4e86-b2ba-81b84931d348" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="268078" ID-ZooBank="35E0DECB-20CE-4295-AE8E-CB3CAB226C70" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470033666767" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sara A. Lourie, Riley A. Pollom &amp; Sarah J. Foster" docDate="2016" docId="03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4146.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4146 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFFD574F0C6C7312FFF1C92FBC3BD96D" masterDocTitle="A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698366633973" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="845F0C37A2735C865152357A21983488">A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDF86268CBD29DA2D873B98A5BE33F39">Sara A. Lourie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C28AF98209287ED56B403024947E9566">Riley A. Pollom</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFC25757593B3EFDC4BA2EEFB0BDF968">Sarah J. Foster</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125134176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C75730BFF66C8D5B86ADB37" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF66C8D5BDEDDB79" blockId="25.[151,470,506,532]" box="[151,470,506,532]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D09A294D0C75730BFF66C8D5BDEDDB79" bold="true" box="[151,470,506,532]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFF66C8D5BDEDDB79" ID-CoL="3LZLR" authority="Cuvier 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,470,506,532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66C8D5BDEDDB79" bold="true" box="[151,470,506,532]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66C8D5BD0DDB79" bold="true" box="[151,310,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. guttulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFECFC8D5BDEDDB79" author="Cuvier" box="[318,470,506,532]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Regne Animal, distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. 2 nd ed. Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49223" type="book" year="1829">Cuvier 1829</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF66CB6EB86ADB37" blockId="25.[151,1436,577,818]" box="[151,1105,577,602]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CB6EBEE5DB37" bold="true" box="[151,734,577,602]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">English common names. Long-snouted Seahorse,</emphasis>
spiny seahorse, maned seahorse.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C75730BFF36CB4ABE01DBAB" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF36CB4AB825DBCF" blockId="25.[151,1436,577,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF36CB4ABD72DB13" bold="true" box="[199,329,613,638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFEA3CB49BF70DB13" authority="Ginsburg 1937" authorityName="Ginsburg" authorityYear="1937" box="[338,843,613,638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guttulatus" subSpecies="multiannularis">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFEA3CB49BEADDB10" box="[338,662,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. guttulatus multiannularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFD6ECB4ABF70DB13" author="Ginsburg" box="[671,843,613,638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ginsburg, I. (1937) Review of the seahorses (Hippocampus) found on the coasts of the American continents and of Europe. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 83, 497 - 594. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.83 - 2997.497" type="journal article" year="1937">Ginsburg 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFCA8CB49B9A3DB13" authority="Slastenenko1938" authorityName="Slastenenko" authorityYear="1938" box="[857,1432,613,638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hippocampus" subSpecies="microcoronatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFCA8CB49B8F7DB10" box="[857,1228,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. hippocampus microcoronatus</emphasis>
Slastenenko1938
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFF66CBA5BEEDDBCF" authority="Slastenenko 1937" authorityName="Slastenenko" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,726,649,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hippocampus" subSpecies="microstephanus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CBA5BE3DDBCC" box="[151,518,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. hippocampus microstephanus</emphasis>
Slastenenko 1937
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFD10CBA5B821DBCF" authority="Schinz 1822" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1822" box="[737,1050,649,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFD10CBA5BFBEDBCC" box="[737,901,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. longirostris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFC7DCBA6B821DBCF" author="Schinz" box="[908,1050,649,674]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2 nd ed. Cotta, Germany." type="book" year="1822">Schinz 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF36CB82BE01DBAB" blockId="25.[151,1436,577,818]" box="[199,570,685,710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF36CB82BD12DBAB" bold="true" box="[199,297,685,710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neotype</emphasis>
: MNHN-IC 2016-0023.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C75730BFF36CBFEBE38DB84" box="[199,515,721,746]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF36CBFEBE38DB84" blockId="25.[151,1436,577,818]" box="[199,515,721,746]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<materialsCitation id="3B05947C0C75730BFF36CBFEBE38DB84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416636202" box="[199,515,721,746]" country="France" location="Nice" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF36CBFEBD5EDB87" bold="true" box="[199,357,721,746]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="54D620830C75730BFF36CBFEBD39DB87" box="[199,258,721,746]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C75730BFE9DCBFEBD9FDB87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808:8EB2C8FA0C75730BFE9DCBFEBD9FDB87" box="[364,420,721,746]" country="France" name="Nice" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nice</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFE5ECBFDBDC4DB84" box="[431,511,722,745]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">France</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C757308FF36CBDABD24D808" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF36CBDAB91EDA5F" blockId="25.[151,1436,577,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF36CBDABD5BDA63" bold="true" box="[199,352,757,782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C75730BFE9ACBD9BD81DA63" box="[363,442,758,782]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Azores</collectingRegion>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFDD7CBDABEB2DA63" box="[550,649,757,782]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
, Channel Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFC90CBDABF8CDA63" box="[865,951,757,782]" name="Croatia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFC34CBD9B822DA63" box="[965,1049,758,782]" name="Cyprus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFBD6CBD9B84DDA60" box="[1063,1142,758,781]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C75730BFB74CBDAB8D9DA63" box="[1157,1250,757,782]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFB74CBDAB8D9DA63" box="[1157,1250,757,782]" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFB00CBD9B978DA63" box="[1265,1347,758,782]" name="Greece" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFAA3CBDABCF6DA5C" name="Isle of Man" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Isle of Man</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFF29CA36BD37DA5F" box="[216,268,793,818]" name="Italy" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFEE9CA36BD67DA5F" box="[280,348,793,818]" name="Malta" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFE96CA35BDC8DA5F" box="[359,499,794,818]" name="Serbia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFE0FCA35BE5DDA5C" box="[510,614,794,817]" name="Morocco" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFD80CA36BEC0DA5F" box="[625,763,793,818]" name="Netherlands" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFCF7CA36BF53DA5F" box="[774,872,793,818]" name="Portugal" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFC82CA36BFE0DA5F" box="[883,987,793,818]" name="Romania" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFC17CA36B808DA5F" box="[998,1075,793,818]" name="Russia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFBCECA36B8B9DA5F" box="[1087,1154,793,818]" name="Spain" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFB7CCA35B883DA5C" box="[1165,1208,794,817]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">UK</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFB32CA36B91ADA5F" box="[1219,1313,793,818]" name="Ukraine" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12CEA90C75730BFF66CF52B86CDFFE" box="[151,1111,1661,1684]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268096/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[336,1242,873,1630]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C75730BFF66CF52B86CDFFE" blockId="25.[151,1111,1661,1684]" box="[151,1111,1661,1684]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CF52BD24DFFE" bold="true" box="[151,287,1661,1683]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
Range map for
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFE33CF50BEF9DFFE" box="[450,706,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFE33CF50BE86DFFE" box="[450,701,1661,1684]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">Hippocampus guttulatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
See Figure 2 caption for further details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C757308FF36CF94BD24D808" blockId="25.[151,1436,1723,2036]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF36CF94BD2ADFB9" bold="true" box="[199,273,1723,1748]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Notes.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFE66CF93BE0ADFBE" box="[407,561,1723,1747]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramulosus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFE66CF93BE0ADFBE" box="[407,561,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. ramulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has frequently been used for the European Long-snouted Seahorse, but see
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CFF0BD4ADF9A" box="[151,369,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Species Inquirenda</emphasis>
below.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFE23CFF0BE4FDF9A" author="Schinz" box="[466,628,1759,1784]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2 nd ed. Cotta, Germany." type="book" year="1822">Schinz (1822)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the name
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFC99CFCFB82ADF9A" box="[872,1041,1759,1783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFC99CFCFB82ADF9A" box="[872,1041,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~long-snouted seahorse) for this species in opposition to his
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFE29CE2BBE47DE76" box="[472,636,1795,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFE29CE2BBE47DE76" box="[472,636,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~short-snouted seahorse).
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFC4BCE2BB8DADE76" box="[954,1249,1795,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFC4BCE2BB8DADE76" box="[954,1249,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hippocampus longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is given here in synonymy despite its earlier date (as in
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFD73CE08BF59DE52" author="Lourie" box="[642,866,1831,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Lourie, S., Vincent, A. &amp; Hall, H. (1999) Seahorses: An Identification Guide to the World's Species and Their Conservation. Project Seahorse, London, UK." type="book" year="1999">
Lourie
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFD2BCE07BF22DE52" box="[730,793,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
), following
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C75730BFC06CE08B88CDE52" author="Ginsburg" box="[1015,1207,1831,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ginsburg, I. (1937) Review of the seahorses (Hippocampus) found on the coasts of the American continents and of Europe. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 83, 497 - 594. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.83 - 2997.497" type="journal article" year="1937">Ginsburg (1937)</bibRefCitation>
who called for its suppression and support of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFE10CE63BE43DE0E" box="[481,632,1867,1891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFE10CE63BE43DE0E" box="[481,632,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in accordance with universal usage. This has been challenged by VasilEva (2007), however, we continue to support Ginsburgs concept (see also notes under
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFB20CE5FB9B0DEEA" box="[1233,1419,1903,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFB20CE5FB9B0DEEA" box="[1233,1419,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. hippocampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFF66CEBBBDA3DEC6" box="[151,408,1939,1963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CEBBBDA3DEC6" box="[151,408,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hippocampus bicuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar meristically (Appendix E, and different from the other known species from the region,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C75730BFF1FCE97BD4CDEA2" box="[238,375,1975,1999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF1FCE97BD4CDEA2" box="[238,375,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but it was found far outside the species typical range (in
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C75730BFBD8CE98B8B8DEBD" box="[1065,1155,1975,2000]" name="Senegal" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Senegal</collectingCountry>
) and is here treated as a
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFF66CEF3BDB8DE9E" box="[151,387,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Species Inquirendum</emphasis>
. Based on genetic data (991bp cyt
<emphasis id="B91942330C75730BFCE5CEF4BF19DE9E" box="[788,802,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">b</emphasis>
and CR, and five microsatellites) there are four distinct subpopulations of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FE9DC9B6BE3AD9DD" box="[364,513,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FE9DC9B6BE3AD9DD" box="[364,513,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
throughout Europe (
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C767308FD03C9B7BF73D9DD" box="[754,840,152,176]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Eastern" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Atlantic, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FED1C993BE3ED9B8" author="Woodall" box="[288,517,188,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Woodall, L. C., Koldewey, H. J., Boehm, J. T. &amp; Shaw, P. W. (2015) Past and present drivers of population structure in a small coastal fish, the European long snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus. Conservation Genetics, 16, 1139 - 1153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 015 - 0728 - y" type="journal article" year="2015">
Woodall
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FE79C992BDFBD9B9" box="[392,448,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The most common mtDNA haplotypes were found in all sampled locations, and the average genetic distance among populations was only 0.65%, supporting the conclusion that this is still a single species even though there is likely no current gene flow between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. That said, even the Black Sea population is only 1.06% different from the furthest population in the
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C767308FB7CC807B881D82D" box="[1165,1210,296,320]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bay</collectingRegion>
of Biscay (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FACDC808BD28D808" author="Woodall" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Woodall, L. C., Koldewey, H. J., Boehm, J. T. &amp; Shaw, P. W. (2015) Past and present drivers of population structure in a small coastal fish, the European long snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus. Conservation Genetics, 16, 1139 - 1153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 015 - 0728 - y" type="journal article" year="2015">
Woodall
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF66C862BCF4D809" box="[151,207,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>