260 lines
34 KiB
XML
260 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="3AF8C8C48B46C1B9B5EFAD5468E2E6B4" ID-CLB-Dataset="46747" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="220b1885-c8f8-46f6-9452-f1dd51baf651" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253310" ID-ZooBank="DE234954-1829-4277-9E17-78C4E5C18142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460364433523" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maintenon, Marta J." docDate="2014" docId="03C0B65EFFD1FF85FF0F5252FD05FAC1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03753p225.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3753 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parvanachis minibrunnea Maintenon, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="FFF9CE26FFDAFF89FF985116FFF0FF94" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the species of Parvanachis Radwin, 1968 (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1698295016751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FC4FA3C42F54BB44B8A1239D1106E361">Taxonomic revision of the species of Parvanachis Radwin, 1968 (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="403540528626E6605DFA91DFE56366D4">Maintenon, Marta J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D9E3F26EF36B637628858B66B8A11EE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C0B65EFFD1FF85FF0F5252FD05FAC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0B65EFFD1FF85FF0F5252FD05FAC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0B65EFFD1FF85FF0F5252FD05FAC1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFD1FF82FF0F5252FDA3FC7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF0F5252FDEDFCCA" blockId="11.[151,541,836,895]" box="[151,541,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<heading id="D09EB024FFD1FF82FF0F5252FDEDFCCA" bold="true" box="[151,541,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF0F5252FDEDFCCA" bold="true" box="[151,541,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FF0F5252FE23FCCA" ID-CoL="75SV8" box="[151,467,836,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minibrunnea" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF0F5252FE23FCCA" bold="true" box="[151,467,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Parvanachis minibrunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E6621FFD1FF82FE435252FDEDFCCA" box="[475,541,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF0F5270FE56FCEB" blockId="11.[151,541,836,895]" box="[151,422,870,895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD1FF82FF065270FEF5FCEB" box="[158,261,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parvanachis shells. B – D and F – G are preserved specimens, so dark areas on the body whorls of the shells are the coloring of the preserved animal visible through the shell. Scale bar = 1 mm. A. Parvanachis obesa, SBMNH 56943. B. Parvanachis diminuta, USNM 1231301, Isla Venado. C. Parvanachis dichroma, holotype, USNM 1231302, Chumical. D. Parvanachis dichroma, paratype, USNM 1231303, Chumical. E. Anachis albonodosa, paratype, USNM 716233, Mazatlan. F. Parvanachis minibrunnea, holotype, USNM 1231307, Isla Venado. G. Parvanachis minibrunnea, paratype, USNM 1231308, Isla Venado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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F, 1G, 5C, 5F)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF0F52B8FDA3FC7F" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF0F52B8FF13FC53" bold="true" box="[151,227,942,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FF0F52B8FF2FFC53" box="[151,223,942,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Types</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FF7552B8FEA8FC53" box="[237,344,942,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD1FF82FEFE52B8FE56FC53" box="[358,422,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parvanachis shells. B – D and F – G are preserved specimens, so dark areas on the body whorls of the shells are the coloring of the preserved animal visible through the shell. Scale bar = 1 mm. A. Parvanachis obesa, SBMNH 56943. B. Parvanachis diminuta, USNM 1231301, Isla Venado. C. Parvanachis dichroma, holotype, USNM 1231302, Chumical. D. Parvanachis dichroma, paratype, USNM 1231303, Chumical. E. Anachis albonodosa, paratype, USNM 716233, Mazatlan. F. Parvanachis minibrunnea, holotype, USNM 1231307, Isla Venado. G. Parvanachis minibrunnea, paratype, USNM 1231308, Isla Venado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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F, (USNM 1231307),
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<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFD1FF82FD3252B8FD22FC53" box="[682,722,942,967]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Venado,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFD1FF82FCD952B9FC6DFC52" box="[833,925,943,966]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFD72188FFD1FF82FC3352B9FBB2FC53" box="[939,1090,942,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" value="2006-01-30">30 Jan. 2006</date>
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,
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<quantity id="4C91AAADFFD1FF82FBC852B9FB47FC52" box="[1104,1207,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.23" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.23">3.23 mm</quantity>
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long. 32
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FAB152B9FA67FC53" box="[1321,1431,943,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, USNM 1231308–1231313, see
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<tableCitation id="C6EB32F3FFD1FF82FE6152C4FDBDFC7F" box="[505,589,978,1003]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1478,1501]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collecting localities and specimens from each." pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFD1FF82FF5F52E0FA62F94B" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF5F52E0FCE4FB9B" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" box="[199,788,1014,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF5F52E0FEBEFB9B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1014,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for being very small and brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF5F550CFD67FAC7" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF5F550CFE5EFBA7" bold="true" box="[199,430,1050,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
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This species has been identified in collections as
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FC61550DFF2BFBC3" authority="Carpenter, 1857" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FC61550DFAE4FBA7" box="[1017,1300,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Parvanachis albonodosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFD1FF82FABE550DFF23FBC3" author="Carpenter" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refString="Carpenter, P. P. (1857) Catalogue of the collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum: collected by Philip Reigen. Oberlin Press, London, 552 pp." type="book" year="1857">Carpenter, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Carpenter originally described
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FDA75528FCD3FBC2" box="[575,803,1086,1110]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FDA75528FCD3FBC2" box="[575,803,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Anachis albonodosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as greenish white, marked with spots and zigzag lines of brown. The species is based on two specimens (
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FD345575FCE1FBEF" box="[684,785,1123,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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) in the Reigen collection from Mazatlan, where they were found on sessile bivalves: an adult or subadult in the British Museum, and a broken juvenile at the
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<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFD1FF82FA975591FAC3FB0B" box="[1295,1331,1159,1183]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">US</collectingCountry>
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National Museum (USNM 716233,
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<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD1FF82FE5955BCFE0FFB57" box="[449,511,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parvanachis shells. B – D and F – G are preserved specimens, so dark areas on the body whorls of the shells are the coloring of the preserved animal visible through the shell. Scale bar = 1 mm. A. Parvanachis obesa, SBMNH 56943. B. Parvanachis diminuta, USNM 1231301, Isla Venado. C. Parvanachis dichroma, holotype, USNM 1231302, Chumical. D. Parvanachis dichroma, paratype, USNM 1231303, Chumical. E. Anachis albonodosa, paratype, USNM 716233, Mazatlan. F. Parvanachis minibrunnea, holotype, USNM 1231307, Isla Venado. G. Parvanachis minibrunnea, paratype, USNM 1231308, Isla Venado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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E). Both are greenish white with brown lines and lack spiral grooves.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFD1FF82FA9F55BDFA6CFB57" author="Tryon" box="[1287,1436,1195,1219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refString="Tryon, G. W. Jr. (1883) Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. Vol. 5. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, pp. 100 - 276." type="book" year="1883">Tryon (1883)</bibRefCitation>
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discusses these briefly.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFD1FF82FE3A55D9FDC9FB73" author="Brann" box="[418,569,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refString="Brann, D. C. (1966) Illustrations to " Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells " by Philip P. Carpenter. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY, 111 pp." type="book" year="1966">Brann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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has a drawing of the British Museum
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FC6955D9FBB8FB73" box="[1009,1096,1231,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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showing the shell pattern (pl. 56, fig. 654).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFD1FF82FEA355E5FE35FA9F" author="Keen" box="[315,453,1266,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refString="Keen, A. M. (1958) Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Stanford University Press, 624 pp." type="book" year="1958">Keen (1958</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFD1FF82FE4C55E4FDFDFA9F" author="Keen" box="[468,525,1266,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refString="Keen, A. M. (1968) West American mollusk types at the British Museum (Natural History) IV. Carpenter's Mazatlan Collection. The Veliger, 10, 389 - 439." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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) noted the shell characteristics, and stated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FBA555E5FB13FA9F" box="[1085,1251,1267,1291]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FBA555E5FB13FA9F" box="[1085,1251,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">A. albonodosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has never been figured or recognized since its original description. She figures the British Museum
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FBCE5401FB5DFABB" box="[1110,1197,1303,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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(1968, 1971; Keen’s two photos (1971) are of the same specimen).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF5F5449FA62F94B" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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In 1971 however, (perhaps after discussions with Radwin, who she credits for help with the columbellid section of the book), Keen amends her original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FCC75495FBF3FA0F" box="[863,1027,1411,1435]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FCC75495FBF3FA0F" box="[863,1027,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">A. albonodosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to describe the shell as light brown with a greenish tint, with white tips to the ribs, which brings the description more in line with
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FB2154B1FA93FA2A" box="[1209,1379,1446,1470]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minibrunnea">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FB2154B1FA93FA2A" box="[1209,1379,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">P. minibrunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. She kept her original illustration of the British Museum
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FD7354DDFCB5FA77" box="[747,837,1483,1507]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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, which is indeed greenish white with dark markings rather than brown with white markings; but detail in the small greyscale photo is difficult to see. Closer examination of the
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FEE75705FE4AF9BF" box="[383,442,1555,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">types</typeStatus>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FE725705FCBDF9BF" authority="Carpenter" authorityName="Carpenter" box="[490,845,1555,1579]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FE725705FD23F9BF" box="[490,723,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Anachis albonodosa</emphasis>
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Carpenter
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</taxonomicName>
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indicates that Keen was initially correct.
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FADA5705FEEAF9DA" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FADA5705FEEAF9DA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Anachis albonodosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a very different species, and no other name has been found for the small brown shells with a band of white spots. The two
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFD1FF82FE14574DFE1EF9E7" box="[396,494,1627,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FD8E574DFD4AF9E7" box="[534,698,1627,1651]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FD8E574DFD4AF9E7" box="[534,698,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">A. albonodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear no resemblance to any species I have seen from the eastern Pacific. They are however very similar to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FC8D5769FCA4F903" box="[789,852,1663,1687]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Zafra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FC8D5769FCA4F903" box="[789,852,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Zafra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Indo-west Pacific, none of which have otherwise been reported to occur in the Eastern Pacific.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FCBA57B5FC37F92F" box="[802,967,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albonodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FCBA57B5FC37F92F" box="[802,967,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">A. albonodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an adventitious species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF0F57D1FF2DF94B" box="[151,221,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FF0F57D1FF29F94B" box="[151,217,1735,1759]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Zafra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Zafra</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In light of this, I herein provide a new name for the previously misidentified small brown Panamic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFD1FF82FF5F57FCFC7BF8B3" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF5F57FCFC7BF8B3" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF5F57FCFEB1F897" bold="true" box="[199,321,1770,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Smallest of the Panamic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FDF257FDFD07F897" box="[618,759,1771,1795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FDF257FDFD07F897" box="[618,759,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Shell narrow, red-brown with a narrow, spiral white band slightly below the suture. Animal cream colored with white specks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFD1FF85FF5F5624FD05FAC1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF82FF5F5624FD3FF8FB" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF5F5624FEC6F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,310,1842,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
Over
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FCCC1FFD1FF82FEE45625FDE4F8DF" box="[380,532,1842,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected under near shore rocks in muddy sand at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFD1FF82FB0E5624FB4FF8DF" box="[1174,1215,1842,1867]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Venado, Bique and Chumical. Four were sectioned and four dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD1FF85FF5F566DFD74FE1C" blockId="11.[151,1436,942,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FF5F566DFF0FF807" box="[199,255,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD1FF82FE97566CFEA9F807" box="[271,345,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1654]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parvanachis shells. B – D and F – G are preserved specimens, so dark areas on the body whorls of the shells are the coloring of the preserved animal visible through the shell. Scale bar = 1 mm. A. Parvanachis obesa, SBMNH 56943. B. Parvanachis diminuta, USNM 1231301, Isla Venado. C. Parvanachis dichroma, holotype, USNM 1231302, Chumical. D. Parvanachis dichroma, paratype, USNM 1231303, Chumical. E. Anachis albonodosa, paratype, USNM 716233, Mazatlan. F. Parvanachis minibrunnea, holotype, USNM 1231307, Isla Venado. G. Parvanachis minibrunnea, paratype, USNM 1231308, Isla Venado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G): Smallest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD1FF82FD1F566DFCE4F807" box="[647,788,1915,1939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD1FF82FD1F566DFCE4F807" box="[647,788,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; shells of 12 individuals measured
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFD1FF82FB3F566CFA93F806" box="[1191,1379,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.05" metricValueMin="3.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="4.05" valueMin="3.05">3.05 to 4.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFD1FF82FF435689FEB6F823" box="[219,326,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFD1FF82FEC55688FDD2F822" box="[349,546,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.55" valueMin="1.35">1.35 to 1.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFD1FF82FD295689FCEDF823" box="[689,797,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="1.43">1.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Adults with 3.25 to 4 teleoconch whorls (avg. 3.58). Protoconch smooth, cream colored at the apex but darker brown toward the teleoconch, 3.25 to 4 whorls (avg. 3.6, n = 10). Axial sculpture dominant overall, with spiral grooves visible between rounded axial ridges. First teleoconch whorl with similarly strong axial and spiral sculpture so is effectively cancellate. Weak subsutural groove cuts across the axial ridges. Shell red-brown, with a narrow, spiral white band just below the subsutural groove. First teleoconch whorl with three darker spiral bands. Aperture edge thickened, with three vague pale bands on the outer edge, and a few denticles internally. Shallow posterior sinus present in the aperture edge. Parietal callus with axial ridge and sometimes weak denticles, anterior edge of the callus detached. Aperture shows color and markings seen on outside of shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF5F5082FC90FE39" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,864,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FF5F5082FE8BFE38" box="[199,379,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Body coloration</emphasis>
|
||
: Body cream colored, with white speckles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF5F50AEFF2AFE61" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FF5F50AEFEB4FE44" box="[199,324,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Operculum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD6FF85FECC50A1FE68FE44" box="[340,408,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,985,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parvanachis operculae and radulae. Scale bars: A – C, 200 µm; D – F, 10 µm. A – C. Operculae. A. P. diminuta, 60 X. B. P. dichroma, 60 X. C. P. minibrunnea, 60 X. D – F. radulae. D. P. diminuta, 400 X. E. P. dichroma, 400 X. F. P. minibrunnea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253315/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Operculum oval with a terminal nucleus, pale yellow overall. Muscle scar bilobed, keel weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF5F5316FDE6FD11" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FF5F5316FEE8FD8C" box="[199,280,512,536]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Porellales" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FF5F5316FEE8FD8C" box="[199,280,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD6FF85FEBE50E9FE99FD8C" box="[294,361,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,985,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parvanachis operculae and radulae. Scale bars: A – C, 200 µm; D – F, 10 µm. A – C. Operculae. A. P. diminuta, 60 X. B. P. dichroma, 60 X. C. P. minibrunnea, 60 X. D – F. radulae. D. P. diminuta, 400 X. E. P. dichroma, 400 X. F. P. minibrunnea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253315/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F): Lateral teeth of four adult (two male, two female) specimens dissected 18–20 µm long by 7.5 µm wide, with rectangular center plates. Adult female dissected had a radular ribbon with at least 125 tooth rows. Lateral teeth delicate, with three pointed secondary cusps, the bottom one pointed and curved down, and separated from the distal two by a wide gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF5F5386FB5AFC14" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FF5F5386FE37FD3C" box="[199,455,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Reproductive anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
: Female reproductive anatomy similar to that of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FBCD5386FB12FD3C" box="[1109,1250,656,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FBCD5386FB12FD3C" box="[1109,1250,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, with a gonopericardial duct but no bursa copulatrix. Gland mass comprises a single unit that stains red anteriorly, pale purple posteriorly. Capsule gland lumen flat but thick, ciliated. Gonopericardial duct coiled, relatively short and of small diameter close to gland mass, widens closer to pericardium, no obvious glandular portion to the duct. Pericardium in the specimens examined full of sperm, reddish droplets and other pale staining material, wall thick. Anterior end of the gland mass and vestibule with an egg capsule in the vestibule in both females sectioned so details of the form and epithelium could not be ascertained; vestibule short and not muscular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF5F529AFB29FBCC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Male reproductive system similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FD40529BFC93FC30" box="[728,867,908,932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dichroma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FD40529BFC93FC30" box="[728,867,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">P. dichroma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having a long spermiduct loop adjacent to the proboscis and a simple penis with a short filament tip (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFD6FF85FCD152B9FC7EFC5C" box="[841,910,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[326,1267,525,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[319,1267,517,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonoducts of Panamic Parvanachis species. A. Generalized oviduct of Parvanachis. B. Generalized spermiduct of Parvanachis. C. Pallial spermiduct of Parvanachis pygmaea. D. Pallial spermiduct of P. nigricans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253312/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Coiled seminal vesicle with primarily dark purple staining sperm, no secondary vesicle. Part of the body wall spermiduct adjacent to the pallial duct very thick, coiled, muscular. Spermiduct loop in body cavity with a tall, pale purple staining mucoidal epithelium and lots of mucoid secretions in the duct. Penial spermiduct straight, wide, nonsecretory, no obvious subepithelial secretory tissues. Penis in sectioned specimens curled back in the mantle cavity, without a pouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFD6FF85FF0F55BAFD05FAC1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1196,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
The following four species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FE4755BBFC88FB50" box="[479,888,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FE4755BBFD95FB50" box="[479,613,1197,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pygmaea">P. pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FDEB55BBFD0AFB50" box="[627,762,1196,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mullineri">P. mullineri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FC9155BBFC88FB50" box="[777,888,1196,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adamsi" status="sp. nov.">P. adamsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E6621FFD6FF85FC1955BBFC30FB50" box="[897,960,1197,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FC6455BBFB74FB50" box="[1020,1156,1197,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FC6455BBFB74FB50" box="[1020,1156,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">P. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E6621FFD6FF85FB1655BBFB02FB50" box="[1166,1266,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) are discussed together because they are difficult to tell apart, and all have a unique penis morphology not present in the previous species. They are also generally larger. These four species may comprise a monophyletic group, but not all regional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFD6FF85FE97540EFE6DFAA4" box="[271,413,1304,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFD6FF85FE97540EFE6DFAA4" box="[271,413,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been investigated, so I am reluctant to suggest a new genus level group until a more global and more inclusive analysis can be undertaken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |