297 lines
44 KiB
XML
297 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="DADF758509FA2F116CA9971F654D3555" ID-CLB-Dataset="46747" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="220b1885-c8f8-46f6-9452-f1dd51baf651" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253310" ID-ZooBank="DE234954-1829-4277-9E17-78C4E5C18142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460364433523" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maintenon, Marta J." docDate="2014" docId="03C0B65EFFC9FF9DFF0F529AFCF0FA09" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03753p225.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3753 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parvanachis nigricans" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="FFF9CE26FFDAFF89FF985116FFF0FF94" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the species of Parvanachis Radwin, 1968 (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="220" updateTime="1698295016751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D3DD80DFF28B30E062B8F27E76B88C98">Taxonomic revision of the species of Parvanachis Radwin, 1968 (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4D8A04CBD12CEF852E00860B9B1637D">Maintenon, Marta J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4C03BC7E5C5BB79056DE75DCCFC062E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CCC16093B8B59C09902EA8282261B89F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69CA81088C961AE82DE113CBBB789E3F">3753</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C0B65EFFC9FF9DFF0F529AFCF0FA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141042" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141042" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0B65EFFC9FF9DFF0F529AFCF0FA09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0B65EFFC9FF9DFF0F529AFCF0FA09" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFC9FF9AFF0F529AFE64FC53" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F529AFCE2FC32" blockId="19.[151,786,908,967]" box="[151,786,908,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<heading id="D09EB024FFC9FF9AFF0F529AFCE2FC32" bold="true" box="[151,786,908,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F529AFCE2FC32" bold="true" box="[151,786,908,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F529AFD75FC32" ID-CoL="6TT6W" authority="(Sowerby, 1844a)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[151,645,908,934]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F529AFE57FC32" bold="true" box="[151,423,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Parvanachis nigricans</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFE2F529AFD8EFC32" author="Sowerby" box="[439,638,908,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Sowerby, G. B. I. (1844 a) Monograph of the Genus Columbella. In: Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 1. London, pp. 109 - 146, pls. 36 - 40" type="book chapter" year="1844" yearSuffix="a">Sowerby, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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new comb.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F52B8FE64FC53" blockId="19.[151,786,908,967]" box="[151,404,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFC9FF9AFF0F52B8FEF0FC52" box="[151,256,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1572]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parvanachis operculae and radulae. Scale bars: A – D, 200 µm; E – H, 20 µm. A – D. Operculae. A. P. pygmaea. B. P. mullineri. C. P. adamsi. D. P. nigricans. E – H. Radulae. E. P. pygmaea, 40 X. F. P. mullineri, 40 X. G. P. adamsi, 20 X. H. P. nigricans, 20 X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253317/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Figures 7</figureCitation>
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D, 7H, 8E–H
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFC9FF9AFF0F52E0FCFDF91F" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F52E0FD7CFBBF" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F52E0FDDEFB98" ID-CoL="XBX9" authority="Sowerby I, 1844" authorityName="Sowerby I" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,558,1014,1037]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Columbella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F52E0FE83FB99" box="[151,371,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Columbella nigricans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFEE052E0FDDEFB98" author="Sowerby" box="[376,558,1014,1036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Sowerby, G. B. I. (1844 a) Monograph of the Genus Columbella. In: Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 1. London, pp. 109 - 146, pls. 36 - 40" type="book chapter" year="1844" yearSuffix="a">Sowerby I, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 143, pl. 40 fig. 172. Duclos in Chenu, 1848: pl. 21 figs. 7-8.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFB3652E0FA82FB98" author="Adams" box="[1198,1394,1014,1036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Adams, C. B. (1852) Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on their synonymy, station, and geographical distribution. Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 5, 229 - 567." type="journal article" year="1852">Adams, C.B., 1852</bibRefCitation>
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: pp. 95-96.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFE965500FE61FBBF" author="Reeve" box="[270,401,1045,1067]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1858 - 1859) Monograph of the genus Columbella. Conchologica Iconica Vol. XI. London, 37 pls." type="journal volume" year="1858">Reeve, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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: sp. 137, pl. 23, fig. 137.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F5522FC57FBDE" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" box="[151,935,1076,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F5522FDBEFBDE" authority="Sowerby, 1844" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,590,1076,1098]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Mitrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans" subGenus="Astyris">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F5522FE5CFBDE" box="[151,428,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Mitrella (Astyris) nigricans</emphasis>
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Sowerby, 1844
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFDCF5522FD2DFBDE" author="Morch" box="[599,733,1076,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Morch, O. A. L. (1860) Beitrage zur molluskenfauna Central-Amerika's. Malakozoologische Blatter, 7 (2), 66 - 106." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 94 (not figured).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F5544FBD0FB13" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F5544FE0DFBFC" ID-CoL="DBG5" authority="Sowerby, 1844" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,509,1106,1128]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F5544FEBFFBFC" box="[151,335,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Anachis nigricans</emphasis>
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(Sowerby, 1844)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFD935544FD40FBFC" author="Carpenter" box="[523,688,1106,1128]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Carpenter, P. P. (1863) Review of Prof. C. B. Adams's Catalogue of the Shells of Panama, from the type specimens. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1863, 339 - 369." type="proceedings paper" year="1863">Carpenter, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 345.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFC9F5544FBF0FBFC" author="Strong" box="[775,1024,1106,1128]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Strong, A. M. & Hertlein, L. G. (1939) Marine mollusks from Panama collected by the Allan Hancock Expedition to the Galapagos Islands, 1931 - 1932. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications of the University of Southern California, Ser. 1. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2 (12), 177 - 245." type="journal article" year="1939">Strong & Hertlein, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 184, not figured.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFB4B5545FABCFBFC" author="Keen" box="[1235,1356,1106,1128]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Keen, A. M. (1958) Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Stanford University Press, 624 pp." type="book" year="1958">Keen, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 383, sp. 444 (illustration from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFE525564FDBCFB13" author="Reeve" box="[458,588,1137,1159]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1858 - 1859) Monograph of the genus Columbella. Conchologica Iconica Vol. XI. London, 37 pls." type="journal volume" year="1858">Reeve, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFDC65567FD17FB13" author="Abbott" box="[606,743,1137,1159]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Abbott, R. T. (1974) American Seashells, 2 nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 663 pp." type="book" year="1974">Abbott, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 197, sp. 2067 (not figured).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F5586FC4CFB32" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" box="[151,956,1168,1190]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F5586FD92FB32" ID-CoL="XBX9" authority="Sowerby" authorityName="Sowerby" box="[151,610,1168,1190]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Columbella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans" subGenus="Seminella">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F5586FE1DFB32" box="[151,493,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Columbella (Seminella) nigricans</emphasis>
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(Sowerby)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFDF45587FD1BFB32" author="Tryon" box="[620,747,1168,1190]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Tryon, G. W. Jr. (1883) Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. Vol. 5. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, pp. 100 - 276." type="book" year="1883">Tryon, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 168, pl. 57, fig. 2
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F55B8FC13FB50" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" box="[151,995,1198,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F55B8FD11FB50" ID-CoL="XBX9" authority="Sowerby. Kobelt, 1897" authorityName="Sowerby. Kobelt" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,737,1198,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Columbella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans" subGenus="Seminella">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F55B8FE1DFB51" box="[151,493,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Columbella (Seminella) nigricans</emphasis>
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Sowerby.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFDC155B8FD11FB50" author="Kobelt" box="[601,737,1198,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Kobelt, W. (1897) Die Familie der Columbelliden. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini & Chemnitz. Nurnberg, Verlag von Bauer & Raspe. Bd. 3, Abt. 1 d, 344 pp., 44 pls." type="book" year="1897">Kobelt, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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: p. 137, taf. 20, figs. 5, 6.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F55DBFC24FB77" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" box="[151,980,1229,1251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F55DBFD51FB77" ID-CoL="DBG5" authority="Sowerby, 1844" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,673,1229,1251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans" subGenus="Costoanachis">
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<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F55DBFE00FB77" box="[151,496,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Anachis (Costoanachis) nigricans</emphasis>
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(Sowerby, 1844)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFD3255D8FCD2FB77" author="Keen" box="[682,802,1229,1251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Keen, A. M. (1971) Sea Shells of Tropical West America, 2 nd ed. Stanford University Press, 1064 pp." type="book" year="1971">Keen, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 581, sp. 1186.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F55FAFCD9FA96" blockId="19.[151,1436,1014,1282]" box="[151,809,1260,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFF0F55FAFDC8FA96" authority="Sowerby, 1844" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,568,1260,1282]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Costoanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F55FAFE76FA96" box="[151,390,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Costoanachis nigricans</emphasis>
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||
(Sowerby, 1844)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFDDA55FAFD16FA96" author="Skoglund" box="[578,742,1260,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Skoglund, C. (1992) Additions to the Panamic Province gastropod (Mollusca) literature 1971 to 1992. The Festivus, supplement 24, 1 - 169." type="journal article" year="1992">Skoglund, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 88.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF0F5438FD0EFA27" blockId="19.[151,1437,1326,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF0F5438FF13FAD3" bold="true" box="[151,227,1326,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFC9FF9AFF0F5438FF2FFAD3" box="[151,223,1326,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Types</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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Five
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFC9FF9AFEB15439FE7EFAD3" box="[297,398,1327,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
, NHMUK 1966396, collected by Cuming in the Galapagos. Sowerby’s figure is not good enough to match to a specimen.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFD8B5445FD53FAFF" author="Keen" box="[531,675,1363,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Keen, A. M. (1971) Sea Shells of Tropical West America, 2 nd ed. Stanford University Press, 1064 pp." type="book" year="1971">Keen (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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||
figures the
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||
<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFC9FF9AFCAA5445FC64FAFF" box="[818,916,1363,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
along with Reeve’s illustration, however the photo quality is not good enough for specimen identification. Photos of the
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<typeStatus id="54D2B9EAFFC9FF9AFC6E5461FBA8FA1B" box="[1014,1112,1399,1423]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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from K. Monsecour and the British Museum were used to help identify the species.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF5F54A8FCFDF91F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1326,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF5F54A8FE5BFA43" bold="true" box="[199,427,1470,1495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
|
||
Sowerby described this species from the Galapagos, as blackish with a whitish suture and pale aperture edge;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFEE954F5FDF8FA6F" author="Reeve" box="[369,520,1506,1531]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1858 - 1859) Monograph of the genus Columbella. Conchologica Iconica Vol. XI. London, 37 pls." type="journal volume" year="1858">Reeve (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
echoes this.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFD0054F4FCC8FA6F" author="Adams" box="[664,824,1506,1531]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Adams, C. B. (1852) Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on their synonymy, station, and geographical distribution. Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 5, 229 - 567." type="journal article" year="1852">Adams (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized the extensive variation in color and pattern found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFC9FF9AFE9A5711FEABF98A" box="[258,347,1543,1566]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
shells, but insomuch as he reported having 120 mostly dark colored large specimens and 500 small ones with more variable coloration, he undoubtedly had both this and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFC9FF9AFB8C573DFB74F9D7" ID-CoL="75T77" box="[1044,1156,1579,1603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFB8C573DFB74F9D7" box="[1044,1156,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">P. adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described above.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFAC0573DFF11F9F3" author="Tryon" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Tryon, G. W. Jr. (1883) Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. Vol. 5. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, pp. 100 - 276." type="book" year="1883">Tryon (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it as dark, but allowed for a lighter band on the body whorl.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF87AB9FFC9FF9AFB9A5759FB7EF9F3" author="Keen" box="[1026,1166,1615,1639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Keen, A. M. (1971) Sea Shells of Tropical West America, 2 nd ed. Stanford University Press, 1064 pp." type="book" year="1971">Keen (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also follows Sowerby’s lead in describing the species as dark brown to blackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFC9FF9AFF5F5780FC86F963" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF5F5780FC86F963" blockId="19.[151,1437,1326,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF5F5780FEB1F93B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1686,1711]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium sized biconic axially ridged species
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFCD95781FC43F93A" box="[833,947,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with variable coloration consisting of a tan to dark purple-brown base color, with oblique lighter markings and occasionally a white subsutural band. Sculpture denser and more strongly developed than other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFC9FF9DFF5F5614FEABFBE9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9AFF5F5614FD59F8F7" blockId="19.[151,1437,1326,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF5F5614FEC6F88F" bold="true" box="[199,310,1794,1819]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was found intertidally on the sides of rocks, more commonly on offshore islands.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED789F8DFFC9FF9AFF0F5631FF18F8AB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1831,1855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
has material from Baja California to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFC9FF9AFD135631FD17F8AA" box="[651,743,1831,1854]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. About
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FCCC1FFC9FF9AFCA75631FC27F8AB" box="[831,983,1830,1855]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="generic">70 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected from five localities. Two adults were sectioned and three were dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFC9FF9DFF5F5678FBECFE89" blockId="19.[151,1437,1326,2035]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFC9FF9AFF5F5678FF0FF812" box="[199,255,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFC9FF9AFE975678FEACF813" box="[271,348,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[218,1368,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[218,1368,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parvanachis shells. All are preserved specimens, so some dark areas on the body whorls of the shells are the coloring of the preserved animal visible through the shell. Scale bar = 1 mm. A – D. Parvanachis adamsi, n. sp. A. Holotype, USNM 1231317, Chumical. B – C. Paratypes, USNM 1231319, Chumical. D. Paratype, USNM 1231318, Punta Calafate. E – H. Parvanachis nigricans. E – F. USNM 1231328, Isla Taboga. G – H. USNM 1231329, Isla San Pedro Gonzales, Islas Perlas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253318/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H): Shell medium-sized, biconic,
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFD635678FC47F812" box="[763,951,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="7.8" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="6.8">6.80 to 8.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFBA15678FB50F813" box="[1081,1184,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.63" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="7.63">7.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFB785678FA6CF812" box="[1248,1436,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2249999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="3.2249999999999996" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="2.65">2.65 to 3.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFE8E5685FE8CF83F" box="[278,380,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="3.09">3.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FCCC1FFC9FF9AFE325685FDB2F83F" box="[426,578,1938,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured. Some adults from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFC9FF9AFC0D5684FC4EF83F" box="[917,958,1938,1963]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E47D8FFC9FF9AFC5E5685FBC9F83F" box="[966,1081,1938,1963]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
Gonzalez were smaller. Adults have 5.5 to 6.5 (avg. 5.8) teleoconch whorls. Protoconch similar in color to teleoconch but generally paler, with 3 to 3.5 (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91AAADFFC9FF9AFE9956CDFEB2F867" box="[257,322,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="in" value="3.2">3.2 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FCCC1FFC9FF9AFED156CCFE13F867" box="[329,483,2010,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) whorls. Primary sculpture of dense axial ridges (16 to 19 on the penultimate whorl) with spiral grooves between axial ridges and a well-developed subsutural groove. Shell coloration variable, tan or grayish to dark purple-brown, with oblique paler markings. Some with a spiral subsutural white band and/ or a spiral band of whitish blotches below periphery. Aperture reflects outer color, with labial denticles anterior to the posterior notch. Parietal ridge with denticles located over the spirals underneath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F503EFD4EFE1C" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFF5F503EFE8BFED4" box="[199,379,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Body coloration</emphasis>
|
||
: Body and foot cream colored, with black mottling and white dots overall. Head dark, cephalic tentacles pale, with black bands at middle. Siphon with a black ring near tip and black specks closer to body. Body under shell mostly pale, with a dark mantle edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F5082FEB1FE44" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFF5F5082FEB4FE38" box="[199,324,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Operculum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFECF5082FE6EFE38" box="[343,414,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1572]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parvanachis operculae and radulae. Scale bars: A – D, 200 µm; E – H, 20 µm. A – D. Operculae. A. P. pygmaea. B. P. mullineri. C. P. adamsi. D. P. nigricans. E – H. Radulae. E. P. pygmaea, 40 X. F. P. mullineri, 40 X. G. P. adamsi, 20 X. H. P. nigricans, 20 X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253317/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D): Operculum oblong oval, with terminal nucleus, keel and bilobed scar. Pigmentation similar overall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F50CAFC3FFDA8" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFF5F50CAFE87FE61" authority="Radula" authorityName="Radula" box="[199,375,476,501]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Porellales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFF5F50CAFEE8FE60" box="[199,280,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
: Radula
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFE1050CAFE3CFE60" box="[392,460,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1572]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parvanachis operculae and radulae. Scale bars: A – D, 200 µm; E – H, 20 µm. A – D. Operculae. A. P. pygmaea. B. P. mullineri. C. P. adamsi. D. P. nigricans. E – H. Radulae. E. P. pygmaea, 40 X. F. P. mullineri, 40 X. G. P. adamsi, 20 X. H. P. nigricans, 20 X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253317/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
H) narrow, with lateral teeth about 50 µm long. Center plates only slightly wider than deep. Each lateral tooth with three evenly spaced secondary cusps. Basal cusp pointed but embedded in membranes. Radulae in two male specimens had 148 and 153 tooth rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F535EFACEFC31" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFF5F535EFE35FDF4" box="[199,453,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Reproductive anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
: Male anatomy similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFCCE535FFC36FDF4" box="[854,966,584,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFCCE535FFC36FDF4" box="[854,966,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">P. adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Seminal vesicle with a low epithelium, contains both pink and purple staining sperm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFD02537AFD2EFD10" box="[666,734,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Wide, densely ciliated mantle cavity duct present at back of body cavity. Spermiduct narrows on entering the body wall; body wall spermiduct with a thick muscle coat and low, non-secretory epithelium. Anterior spermiduct with a single long loop in the body cavity adjacent to the proboscis. Anterior spermiduct loop with secretory reddish and pale purple-staining complex columnar epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFF0753EAFF14FC80" box="[159,228,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Penis long and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFD8453EAFD90FC80" box="[540,608,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[326,1267,525,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[319,1267,517,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonoducts of Panamic Parvanachis species. A. Generalized oviduct of Parvanachis. B. Generalized spermiduct of Parvanachis. C. Pallial spermiduct of Parvanachis pygmaea. D. Pallial spermiduct of P. nigricans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253312/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), with a tissue flap at the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFC4353EAFBEEFC80" box="[987,1054,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G) consisting of connective tissue and mucus cells, similar to the rest of the penis wall. Spermiduct in penis base sinuous, with a low, nonsecretory epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFEBB5252FE9CFCC8" box="[291,364,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Spermiduct in middle region of penis wide and thickly muscular, with mixed complex columnar and mucoidal secretory cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFDC45271FD50FC14" box="[604,672,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Distal third of penis narrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13521BCDFFCEFF9DFB845271FBAFFC14" box="[1052,1119,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological sections from the male reproductive tract of Parvanachis. Scale bar = 200 µm. A. Cross section of upper body of P. adamsi showing gonad and seminal vesicle. B. Cross section of upper body of P. nigricans showing the seminal vesicle. C. Cross section through pallial spermiduct loop of P. pygmaea. D. Cross section of mid body of P. nigricans showing the spermiduct loop. E. Semi-longitudinal section of mid-penis of P. pygmaea. F. Semi-longitudinal section through penis of P. pygmaea showing transition from the wide central portion with glandular duct to the filament tip. G. Cross section of body of P. nigricans with a portion of the body wall spermiduct and a partial longitudinal section through the penis showing the basal flap at the upper middle. H. Cross section through the body of P. nigricans with a partial longitudinal section of the penis, showing the transition from the wider glandular portion to the non-secretory filament tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253314/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F) to very long filament tip, duct with non-secretory epithelium. Penis at rest curled into back of mantle cavity, lacking a penial pouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F52B9FEABFBE9" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Females with a gonopericardial duct but no bursa copulatrix. Gland mass stains red overall, with a purple staining band through middle toward the posterior end. Anterior end around lumen stains more purplish-red. Gland lumen pouched. Vestibule short, not muscular, with a smooth wall. Gonopericardial duct long and coiled, with a low epithelium close to the gland mass. Pericardial end of duct increases in diameter and becomes thicker walled and slightly folded; this portion may act in sperm digestion, however no sperm was present in the system of the female sectioned.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37354C3FFCEFF9DFF5F5591FCF0FA09" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF5F5591FB04FA99" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFF5F5591FECBFB34" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1184]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is similar to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFD0D559FFCF2FB34" box="[661,770,1160,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFD0D559FFCF2FB34" box="[661,770,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">P. adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFCA0559FFC32FB34" box="[824,962,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFCA0559FFC4CFB34" box="[824,956,1161,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pygmaea">P. pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
¸
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but is larger and more strongly sculptured than both. It has traditionally been counted as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFCAB55BAFC3CFB50" box="[819,972,1196,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Costoanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFCAB55BAFC3CFB50" box="[819,972,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Costoanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
perhaps because it is slightly larger than other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFED555C6FE2AFB7C" box="[333,474,1232,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFED555C6FE2AFB7C" box="[333,474,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included here, but its shell characteristics, anatomy and radular morphology are more similar to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFEAA55E2FE4FFA98" box="[306,447,1268,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFEAA55E2FE4FFA98" box="[306,447,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species herein than to any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFD7655E2FCB8FA98" box="[750,840,1268,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFD7655E2FCB8FA98" box="[750,840,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Anachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFCF655E2FBF7FA98" box="[878,1031,1268,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Costoanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFCF655E2FBF7FA98" box="[878,1031,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Costoanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD60748FFCEFF9DFF0F5449FCF0FA09" blockId="20.[151,1436,1375,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The following species has traditionally been considered a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFC875476FC5CFAEC" box="[799,940,1376,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Parvanachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFC875476FC5CFAEC" box="[799,940,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Parvanachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its anatomy is quite different, and more consistent with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C697CCBFFCEFF9DFE255492FDE7FA08" box="[445,535,1412,1436]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbellidae" genus="Anachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DDB5AFFCEFF9DFE255492FDE7FA08" box="[445,535,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Anachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |