183 lines
32 KiB
XML
183 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="D43D618241CE90674F8E8145BC06F0DB" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2019-0013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630303095841" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2019" docId="0396DC10BF36C23ACDF9B7C8E3F91F35" docLanguage="en" docName="2_Friis.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 75 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eckhartia brevicolumella E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="210" masterDocId="FFAFA468BF0FC203CD58B635E7781C51" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="210" updateTime="1699221227565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="288C2F44A789F9644BB1900CDB9D72D1">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D65D8F5BF2BA93D5302BB9B60AFC5B45">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38BDFBB9505DA9F58701F1CA90A0E409">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="878A4E770355694432D2860BC0D4F762">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4A5CC52FF2DC6121730B37959CCFD3AB">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C7E0EE3F697415BF28CE911B9DE8B498">2019</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0C8DA6ABF36C23ACDF9B7C8E54C1E67" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACDF9B7C8E54C1E67" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACDF9B7C8E6A01E65" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACDF9B7C8E6C01E44" bold="true" box="[161,440,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2780C6FBF36C23ACC87B42BE54C1E67" box="[479,564,542,566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACC00B40AE6831E06" blockId="57.[344,507,575,599]" box="[344,507,575,599]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACC00B40AE6831E06" box="[344,507,575,599]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37a–g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3253E8DBF36C23ACDC8B45AE3F91F35" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B45AE6911EF6" blockId="57.[106,745,622,679]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here. S136760 (Torres Vedras sample 44; figured
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACC6FB4BAE6A41EF6" box="[311,476,655,679]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37c, g</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B48AE59E1E87" blockId="57.[106,742,703,759]" box="[144,742,703,727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACD32B4EAE6C81EA6" blockId="57.[106,742,703,759]" box="[106,432,735,759]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">PFN000472 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B53AE5221F39" blockId="57.[106,744,783,872]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">P a r a t y p e s. Designated here. S136661, S136662, S136751, S136752, S136673, S136765, S137920, S137921, S148021, S149204 (Torres Vedras sample 44).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B5B5E63F1F88" blockId="57.[106,745,896,985]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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<materialsCitation id="3B57675BBF36C23ACDC8B5B5E63B1F88" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EF5C3BF36C23ACDC8B5B5E7DA1FC6" box="[144,162,896,919]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4F77CBF36C23ACF36B5B5E65A1FE9" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="62E1158ABF36C23ACC0EB595E59D1FE9" box="[342,741,928,952]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FBA3E4BF36C23ACD32B5F4E7981F88" box="[106,224,961,985]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF36C23ACDB3B5F4E63B1F88" box="[235,323,961,985]" name="Sweden" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B5C4E5911878" blockId="57.[106,745,1008,1065]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: brevis for short and columella referring to short columellae supporting the muri.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B274E5901808" blockId="57.[106,744,1089,1145]" box="[144,744,1089,1113]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Torres Vedras (NE of Forte de</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACD32B257E6AD1828" blockId="57.[106,744,1089,1145]" box="[106,469,1120,1145]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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Forca;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF36C23ACDEDB255E6451828" box="[181,317,1120,1145]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" precision="15" seconds="13" value="39.10361">39°06′13″ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF36C23ACC10B255E6B11828" box="[328,457,1120,1145]" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-9.246389">9°14′47″ W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B2A4E78518BB" blockId="57.[106,745,1169,1258]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Lower member of the Almargem Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Barremianearly Aptian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B337E5E7190A" blockId="57.[106,745,1282,1371]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus with the following additions: Anthers elongate. Reticulum coarse. Columellae short, densely spaced or sometimes laterally merged.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B346E6F61A3F" blockId="57.[106,745,1395,1646]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACF74B346E7AB19FA" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACF74B346E7AB19FA" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACCEFB3A1E5FA19FA" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen" authorityYear="2019" box="[439,642,1427,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicolumella">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACCEFB3A1E5FA19FA" box="[439,642,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">E. longicolumella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(below) mainly in having much longer stamens, pollen grains with larger and fewer lumina and shorter, more densely spaced columellae. The coarse reticulum of the pollen grains also distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACDA6B020E5771A7C" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[254,527,1557,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACDA6B020E5771A7C" box="[254,527,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACF0DB023E5911A7C" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen" authorityYear="2019" box="[597,745,1557,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACF0DB023E5911A7C" box="[597,745,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">E. intermedia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(below) although these two taxa both have similar short and densely spaced columellae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B0B2E7A61AB1" blockId="57.[106,745,1670,1760]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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D i m e n s i o n s. Length of anthers: about
|
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23ACFDFB0B3E59D1ACF" box="[647,741,1670,1694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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; width of anthers:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23ACC77B092E6A91AEF" box="[303,465,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.16 mm</quantity>
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. Length of pollen grains: 16–17 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACDC8B0C2E4D61EC5" blockId="57.[106,745,1783,2100]" lastBlockId="57.[820,1459,152,660]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACF6BB0C2E7AB1B7E" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACF6BB0C2E7AB1B7E" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is based on many isolated stamens with pollen grains in situ. It was first illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE10F7BF36C23ACF40B10DE59D1B01" author="Friis, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R." box="[536,741,1848,1872]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" pagination="341 - 361" refId="ref77134" refString="Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R., Crane, P. R. (2010 a): Creta- ceous diversification of angiosperms in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 162: 341 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2009.11.009" type="journal article" year="2010">Friis et al. (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, but not formally described and named. The anthers are very long and narrow, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23ACC06B14CE6D51BC0" box="[350,429,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23ACF49B14CE5D11BC0" box="[529,681,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, dithecate and tetrasporangiate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACCE0B1AFE5191BE3" box="[440,609,1946,1970]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anther wall is usually well preserved and pollen grains are only visible in cracks or fragmented specimens. Pollen grains are about 16–17 µm in equatorial diameter and monocolpate. The exine is semitectate-reticulate, heterobrochate and columellate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACEE7B6ADE3E01CE1" box="[959,1176,152,176]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37c, d, f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
). The reticulum over most of the pollen grain is coarse with lumina of two sizes, with the larger lumina up to about 1.8 µm in diameter (Textfig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23ACE06B6CCE4F11D40" box="[862,905,249,273]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="g" value="37.0">37g</quantity>
|
||
). Towards the colpus margin, and especially around the end of the colpus, the lumina become very small and the colpus margin is psilate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23AC914B70CE38F1D00" box="[1100,1271,313,337]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muri are about 0.2 µm wide with rounded or flattened profiles. Columellae are short, about 0.2 µm long, usually densely spaced, and sometimes fused into a short plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23AC9F5B7AFE2421DE3" box="[1197,1338,410,434]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Text-fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23AC857B7AFE2421DE3" box="[1295,1338,410,434]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="g" value="37.0">37g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Orbicules are densely spaced on the inner surface of the anther wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACE2CB7EFE37C1DA2" box="[884,1028,474,499]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 37e</figureCitation>
|
||
) and scattered over the surface of the pollen grains (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23ACE89B7CEE31A1E42" box="[977,1122,507,531]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="58.[147,228,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-1@58.[154,1457,151,1823]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragmentshowing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386327/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Text-fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF36C23AC96FB7CEE31A1E42" box="[1079,1122,507,531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" unit="g" value="37.0">37g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are about 1.8 µm long, irregular in shape with a solid rounded base bearing densely spaced rod-like protrusions that give the individual orbicules the appearance of a tooth with crown and roots (Textfig. 37e, g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF36C23ACE02B49EE3F91F35" blockId="57.[820,1459,683,868]" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">
|
||
A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.Thepollen grains show similarities to grains adhering to the stigmatic surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23ACEF4B4D9E3111F55" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen" authorityYear="2019" box="[940,1129,748,772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Vedresia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23ACEF4B4D9E3111F55" box="[940,1129,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Vedresia elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF36C23AC923B4D9E2721F55" box="[1147,1290,748,772]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="77.[125,206,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[128,1440,151,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-11@77.[559,1013,922,1536]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386367/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Text-fig. 49c</figureCitation>
|
||
) and they may have been produced by the same kind of plant.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF36C23AC812B539E4AB1F15" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="57" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF36C23AC812B539E4AB1F15" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has so far not been observed in any other mesofossil flora from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF36C23AC947B579E3051F35" box="[1055,1149,844,868]" name="Portugal" pageId="57" pageNumber="210">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |