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<document id="9DA222365031437961A7BAC66C3A8390" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2019-0013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630303095841" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. &amp; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2019" docId="0396DC10BF31C23DCD8DB351E3001A30" docLanguage="en" docName="2_Friis.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 75 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eckhartiopsis parva E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FFAFA468BF0FC203CD58B635E7781C51" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="215" updateTime="1699221227565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="E081F4690931C09A9E9E864E36CE5211">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB3DB2B2CC1B3FD2DC11FF2694C84788">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCD8DB351E53319CC" bold="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DCD8DB351E69619CA" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCD8DB351E6C9192D" bold="true" box="[213,433,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartiopsis parva</emphasis>
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2780C6FBF31C23DCCADB3B0E53319CC" box="[501,587,1413,1437]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DCC37B393E56919EF" box="[367,529,1446,1470]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40ah</figureCitation>
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here. S170217 (Torres Vedras sample 39; figured
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DCC15B3C3E68C1A5F" box="[333,500,1526,1550]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40ah</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCDFEB016E5851A6B" blockId="62.[129,765,1570,1627]" box="[166,765,1570,1595]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCDD9B076E6BF1A0A" blockId="62.[129,765,1570,1627]" box="[129,455,1603,1627]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">PFN000476 (for new species).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCDFEB05AE6251A99" blockId="62.[129,768,1647,1736]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
<materialsCitation id="3B57675BBF31C23DCDFEB05AE6211A99" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
<collectionCode id="ED2EF5C3BF31C23DCDFEB05AE7C01AD7" box="[166,184,1647,1670]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">R</collectionCode>
e p o s i t o r y.
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,
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, the
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,
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.
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCDFEB0E8E69B1B44" blockId="62.[129,767,1756,1813]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: parvus for small referring to small size of the pollen grains.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCDFEB11CE5871B10" blockId="62.[129,767,1833,1890]" box="[166,767,1833,1857]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Torres Vedras (NE of Forte de</paragraph>
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Forca;
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,
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCE29B6ADE4A61CA1" blockId="62.[843,1482,151,240]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Lower member of the Almargem Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Barremianearly Aptian).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCE29B732E3B61D4E" blockId="62.[881,1230,263,287]" box="[881,1230,263,287]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus.</paragraph>
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D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC86FB703E4F11D3F" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC86FB703E4F11D3F" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartiopsis parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC923B763E39C1D3F" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[1147,1252,342,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC923B763E39C1D3F" box="[1147,1252,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia</emphasis>
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as represented in the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC9E8B743E2BB1DDF" authorityName="Friis &amp; Crane &amp; Pedersen" authorityYear="2019" box="[1200,1475,374,398]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicolumella">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC9E8B743E2BB1DDF" box="[1200,1475,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia brevicolumella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DCE13B7A2E31A1DFE" authorityName="Friis &amp; Crane &amp; Pedersen" authorityYear="2019" box="[843,1122,407,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicolumella">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCE13B7A2E31A1DFE" box="[843,1122,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia longicolumella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC92EB7A2E2741DFE" box="[1142,1292,407,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC92EB7A2E3A71DFE" box="[1142,1247,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) by the broader anthers and the heteropolarity of the reticulum, in which the reticulum on the proximal surface is coarser than the reticulum on distal surface. Pollen grains of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC86FB7C2E2B21E5E" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[1335,1482,503,527]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC86FB7C2E2B21E5E" box="[1335,1482,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartiopsis</emphasis>
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also lack the distinct psilate region at the ends of the colpi that is characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DC93FB402E3A81E1E" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[1127,1232,567,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DC93FB402E3A81E1E" box="[1127,1232,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pollen. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DCE13B462E4CC1E3E" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[843,948,599,623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCE13B462E4CC1E3E" box="[843,948,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DCEA5B462E3E81E3E" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[1021,1168,599,623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCEA5B462E3E81E3E" box="[1021,1168,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartiopsis</emphasis>
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have similar tooth-shaped orbicules and it is possible that they are systematically closely related.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCE29B4F2E4EF1F71" blockId="62.[843,1482,711,800]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
D i m e n s i o n s. Length of anthers: about
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; width of anthers:
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. Length of pollen grains: 14 15 µm.
</paragraph>
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.Thespeciesisbased on a single well-preserved anther. The anther is dithecate and tetrasporangiate, about
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long and
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wide (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DCE0AB5A2E4981FFE" box="[850,992,919,943]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCE29B582E2D319A0" blockId="62.[843,1483,822,1521]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
Pollen grains are about 1415 µm in equatorial diameter and monocolpate. The exine is semitectate-reticulate, heterobrochate and columellate (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC994B5C2E2FA185E" box="[1228,1410,1015,1039]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40bg</figureCitation>
). The reticulum is coarser on the proximal face than on the distal face (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DCEDFB202E3561801" box="[903,1070,1079,1104]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40ce</figureCitation>
). Larger lumina on the proximal face are up to about 1.5 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC98CB26DE21B1821" box="[1236,1379,1112,1136]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40c</figureCitation>
). Lumina on the distal face are smaller, and only slightly smaller along the colpus margin (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC942B2ADE3B818E1" box="[1050,1216,1176,1200]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40e, f</figureCitation>
). Muri are about 0.2 µm wide with a rounded or flattened profile. Columellae are long, about 0.5 µm tall and typically widely spaced (Textfig. 40c, h). The foot layer is about 0.4 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC835B2CDE40F1961" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40h</figureCitation>
). The endexine is granular, apparently very restricted, and developed only under the aperture (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC9A4B30CE2F51900" box="[1276,1421,1337,1361]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Text-fig. 40h</figureCitation>
). The reticulum loosens easily from the foot layer sometimes leaving the main body of the grain naked (
<figureCitation id="13047183BF31C23DC873B34CE2C619C0" box="[1323,1470,1401,1425]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="63.[125,205,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,420,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-112@63.[454,951,942,1439]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; be) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be, g), 3 Μm (f, h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386337/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
Text-fig.
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF31C23DC8CAB34CE2C619C0" box="[1426,1470,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" unit="g" value="40.0">40g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Orbicules are densely scattered on the inner surface of the anther wall and over the surface of the pollen grains (Textfig. 40b, e). They are tooth-like with pointed protrusions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF31C23DCE29B03CE3001A30" blockId="62.[843,1482,1544,1633]" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">
A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF31C23DCE13B01CE35B1A11" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[843,1059,1577,1601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="62" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF31C23DCE13B01CE35B1A11" box="[843,1059,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Eckhartiopsis parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently not known from any other mesofossil flora in
<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF31C23DC94FB07CE30D1A30" box="[1047,1141,1609,1633]" name="Portugal" pageId="62" pageNumber="215">Portugal</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>