552 lines
71 KiB
XML
552 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="42C8B913F6EF6EA54889BEC08C90729E" ID-CLB-Dataset="25477" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4668.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3fcc3d8-efcc-4afd-b0ec-8ca1e19caf27" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449608" ID-ZooBank="D5705B5C-EB6B-4DB3-85A3-279898999DD1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1568897806819" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nascimento, Lywouty R. S., Silva Jr, Nelson J., Feitosa, Darlan T. & Prudente, Ana L. C." docDate="2019" docId="0392C527C74AFF92ADF3FA3F202AB9B0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4668.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4668 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Micrurus obscurus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="385" masterDocId="FFABBD5FC740FF9DAD64FFCE2551BE51" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Micrurus spixii species complex (Serpentes, Elapidae)" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="370" pageNumber="380" updateTime="1698755614857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FAD36ADCF73908FEF8453F91F97BCDC4">Taxonomy of the Micrurus spixii species complex (Serpentes, Elapidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1A65A361BEDA332064AB29C3C6A9E64">Nascimento, Lywouty R. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2BF7E2DD89540CAB75F5579389FE93E">Silva Jr, Nelson J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A4E28A3B92F9155511F8DA9ADB4685A">Feitosa, Darlan T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC433085DEA5D3AEE813EB81D63F0D09">Prudente, Ana L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C32127BAC74AFF97ADF3FA3F2741B85A" box="[151,528,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3FA3F2741B85A" blockId="10.[151,528,1521,1548]" box="[151,528,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<heading id="D0CCC35DC74AFF97ADF3FA3F2741B85A" bold="true" box="[151,528,1521,1548]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3FA3F2741B85A" authority="(Jan, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,528,1521,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3FA3F2741B85A" bold="true" box="[151,528,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3FA3F242FB85D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACE9FA3F2756B85A" author="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F." box="[397,519,1521,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" refId="ref12949" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1872) Iconographie general des Ophidiens. J. B. Bailiere et Fils, Paris, (41), 6 pp." type="book" year="1872">Jan, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32127BAC74AFF97ADF3F9FB273FB9EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F9FB27A1B81C" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,752,1588,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F9FB27BCB81C" authority="Jan in Jan & Sordelli 1872: 5" authorityName="Jan in Jan & Sordelli" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,749,1588,1613]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Elaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="corallinus" variety="obscura">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F9FB246FB81C" box="[151,318,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Elaps corallinus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97AC14F9FB2493B81C" box="[368,450,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">obscura</emphasis>
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Jan
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97AC94F9F82755B81C" box="[496,516,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97AF6EF9F827BCB81C" author="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F." box="[522,749,1588,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" refId="ref12949" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1872) Iconographie general des Ophidiens. J. B. Bailiere et Fils, Paris, (41), 6 pp." type="book" year="1872">Jan & Sordelli 1872:5</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F99A2113B83D" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,1090,1619,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F99A2481B83D" authority="Peters 1881" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,464,1620,1644]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Elaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterozonus">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F99A2401B83D" box="[151,336,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Elaps heterozonus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97AC33F99A2481B83D" author="Peters, W. C. H." box="[343,464,1620,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref13399" refString="Peters, W. C. H. (1881) Ueber das Vorkommen schildformiger Verbreiterungen der Dornfortsatze bei Schlangen und uber einige neue oder wenig bekannte Arten dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 3, 49 - 52." type="journal article" year="1881">Peters 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin. Sarayacu,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74AFF97AEA4F99D2149B83D" box="[960,1048,1619,1644]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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: 52.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F9BC2133B8DA" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,1122,1650,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F9BC248BB8DA" authority="Boulenger 1905" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,474,1650,1675]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Elaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="princeps">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F9BC247FB8DB" box="[151,302,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Elaps princeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97AC51F9BC248BB8DA" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[309,474,1650,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="453 - 456" refId="ref12173" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1905) Descriptions of new snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (89), 453 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442832" type="journal article" year="1905">Boulenger 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Sara, Sta. Cruz de la Sierra,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74AFF97AEB8F9BC217AB8DA" box="[988,1067,1650,1675]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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: 456.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F95C27EAB8F8" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,699,1680,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F95C27E6B8F8" authority="Schmidt & Walker 1943: 294" authorityName="Schmidt & Walker" authorityPageNumber="294" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,695,1680,1705]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spixii" subSpecies="obscura">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F95C24DAB8F8" box="[151,395,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii obscura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACF5F95E27E6B8F8" author="Schmidt, K. P. & Walker, W. F." box="[401,695,1680,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref13776" refString="Schmidt, K. P. & Walker, W. F. (1943) Peruvian snakes from the University of Arequipa. Field Museum of the Natural History, Zoological Series, 24 (26), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1943">Schmidt & Walker 1943:294</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F97F273DB899" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,620,1711,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F97F2739B899" authority="Schmidt 1953" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,616,1711,1736]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F97F24FAB899" box="[151,427,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii obscurus—</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACCFF9612739B899" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[427,616,1711,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref13819" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) The Amazonian coral snake, Micrurus spixii. Fieldiana zoology, 34 (14), 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3193" type="journal article" year="1953">Schmidt 1953:175</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F9012709B8B6" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,600,1742,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F9012705B8B6" authority="Schmidt 1953: 175" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,596,1742,1767]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spixii" subSpecies="princeps">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F90124C1B8B7" box="[151,400,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii princeps</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACF3F9002705B8B6" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[407,596,1742,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref13819" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) The Amazonian coral snake, Micrurus spixii. Fieldiana zoology, 34 (14), 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3193" type="journal article" year="1953">Schmidt 1953:175</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F9202705B954" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,596,1773,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F9202701B954" authority="- Harvey et al. 2003: 22" authorityName="Harvey" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,592,1773,1798]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F9202406B954" box="[151,343,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
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—
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97AC15F9202701B954" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, E. J. & Gonzalez, L. A." box="[369,592,1773,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" pagination="22 - 43" refId="ref12863" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, E. J. & Gonzalez, L. A. (2003) Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia: Part 1. The coral snakes (Elapidae: Micrurus). Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, 72 (1), 22 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">
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Harvey
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ACA6F92024BFB954" box="[450,494,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
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. 2003:22
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F8C327B1B975" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,736,1803,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F8C3278DB975" authority="- Campbell & Lamar 2004: 229" authorityName="- Campbell & Lamar" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,732,1803,1828]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spixii" subSpecies="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F8C324C5B975" box="[151,404,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii obscurus</emphasis>
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||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACCAF8C5278DB975" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." box="[430,732,1803,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" refId="ref12220" refString="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W. (2004) The Venomous Reptiles of Western Hemisphere. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 475 pp." type="book" year="2004">Campbell & Lamar 2004:229</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F8E52788B912" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,729,1834,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F8E52788B912" authority="Campbell & Lamar 2004" authorityName="Campbell & Lamar" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,729,1834,1859]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F8E524F6B913" box="[151,423,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii princeps—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97ACC3F8E42784B912" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." box="[423,725,1834,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" refId="ref12220" refString="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W. (2004) The Venomous Reptiles of Western Hemisphere. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 475 pp." type="book" year="2004">Campbell & Lamar 2004:230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F8842738B930" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,617,1864,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F8842734B930" authority="- Wallach et al. 2014: 451" authorityName="Wallach" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,613,1864,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F8842406B930" box="[151,343,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
—Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ACADF88424A7B930" box="[457,502,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014:451
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F8A72734B9D1" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,613,1895,1920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F8A72730B9D1" authority="- Wallach et al. 2014: 451" authorityName="Wallach" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,609,1895,1920]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F8A72402B9D1" box="[151,339,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus princeps</emphasis>
|
||
—Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ACA1F8A724A3B9D1" box="[453,498,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014:451
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F84927E1B9CE" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,688,1926,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F84927E1B9CE" authority="Silva Jr. et al. 2016" authorityName="Silva Jr. et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[151,688,1926,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F84924FAB9CF" box="[151,427,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus spixii obscurus—</emphasis>
|
||
Silva Jr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97AF67F8492761B9CF" box="[515,560,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b:134.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74AFF97ADF3F868273FB9EC" blockId="10.[151,1122,1588,1981]" box="[151,622,1956,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74AFF97ADF3F868273BB9EC" authority="- Valencia et al. 2016: 321" authorityName="Valencia" authorityPageNumber="321" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,618,1956,1981]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ADF3F8682406B9EC" box="[151,343,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74AFF97AC14F86A273BB9EC" author="Valencia, J. H. & Garzon-Tello, K. & Barragan-Paladines, M. E." box="[368,618,1956,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="380" refId="ref14342" refString="Valencia, J. H., Garzon-Tello, K. & Barragan-Paladines, M. E. (2016) Serpientes Venenosas del Ecuador: Sistematica, Taxonomia, Historia Natural, Conservacion, Envenenamiento y Aspectos Antropologico. Fundacion Herpetologica Gustavo Orces, University of Texas at Arlington, Fondo Ambiental, Quito, Ecuador, 321 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Valencia
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74AFF97ACAAF86824AAB9EC" box="[462,507,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016:321
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32127BAC74BFF96ADF3FF572636BF82" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74BFF96ADF3FF572636BF82" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADF3FF57245ABEE2" bold="true" box="[151,267,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5480CA93C74BFF96ADF3FF572457BEE2" box="[151,262,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96AC76FF5724D9BEE2" author="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F." box="[274,392,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" refId="ref12949" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1872) Iconographie general des Ophidiens. J. B. Bailiere et Fils, Paris, (41), 6 pp." type="book" year="1872">Jan (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
place “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74BFF96ACBEFF56274DBEE3" box="[474,540,152,178]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
”, supposedly in the Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74BFF96AEC8FF57268EBEE2" box="[940,991,153,179]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
as, the type-locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96A9A9FF5625B3BE86" author="Schmidt, K. P. & Walker, W. F." pageId="11" pageNumber="381" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref13776" refString="Schmidt, K. P. & Walker, W. F. (1943) Peruvian snakes from the University of Arequipa. Field Museum of the Natural History, Zoological Series, 24 (26), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1943">Schmidt & Walker (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
minted out that this origin was in error and suggests to restricting the type-locality to “East of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74BFF96A845FF732006BE86" box="[1313,1367,189,215]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
” after analyzing specimens from the University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74BFF96AFEBFF2E27AABEAB" box="[655,763,224,250]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96AE62FF2E26FFBEAA" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[774,942,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref13819" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) The Amazonian coral snake, Micrurus spixii. Fieldiana zoology, 34 (14), 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3193" type="journal article" year="1953">Schmidt (1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
b) restricted the type-locality to Iquitos, department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74BFF96AC44FECB243FBF4E" box="[288,366,261,287]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74BFF96AC1DFECB24FEBF4E" box="[377,431,261,287]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, claiming that the abundant presence of specimens in this region of the Amazon has characterized it as the main habitat for the species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5480CA93C74BFF96AFB0FEE62667BF13" box="[724,822,296,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AECF4C74BFF96AE21FEE726CDBF12" box="[837,924,297,323]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15546" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="Herbarium">MSNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1872:41) illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96A9CDFEE720CDBF12" author="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F." box="[1193,1436,296,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" refId="ref12949" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1872) Iconographie general des Ophidiens. J. B. Bailiere et Fils, Paris, (41), 6 pp." type="book" year="1872">Jan & Sordelli (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not found in the collection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74BFF96AC9AFE822707BF36" box="[510,598,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1861,1886]" captionTargetBox="[245,1348,182,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[218,1369,166,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. General views of the holotypes of Micrurus spixii spixii (A—ZSM 209/0, SVL= 1167 mm) from Solimões River, state of Amazonas, Brazil; M. s. martiusi (B—MCZ 2612, SVL= 1213 mm) from municipality of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil; M. s. obscurus (C—picture modified from the Jan & Sordelli 1872) from province of Iquitos, department of Loreto, Peru; and the lectotype of M. s princeps (D—BMNH 1946.1.20.44, SVL= 1241 mm) from province of Sara, department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449616/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96AE65FE8326B4BF36" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, E. J. & Gonzalez, L. A." box="[769,997,332,359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" pagination="22 - 43" refId="ref12863" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, E. J. & Gonzalez, L. A. (2003) Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia: Part 1. The coral snakes (Elapidae: Micrurus). Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, 72 (1), 22 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Harvey
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE3EFE8326C3BF37" box="[858,914,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5480CA93C74BFF96A97DFE82212ABF37" box="[1049,1147,332,358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
may have been destroyed during World War II. When checking the reference collection, the specimen could not be found by the curator in charge (Stefano Scali), which reinforces the idea that it may have been lost. For this reason, we used as reference to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5480CA93C74BFF96ADA4FE762473BF83" box="[192,290,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only the figure contained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA09C0C74BFF96AF08FE772632BF82" author="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F." box="[620,867,440,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" refId="ref12949" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1872) Iconographie general des Ophidiens. J. B. Bailiere et Fils, Paris, (41), 6 pp." type="book" year="1872">Jan & Sordelli (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32127BAC74BFF92ADA3FE1220D9B900" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74BFF96ADA3FE1221D1BD47" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADA3FE122413BFA6" bold="true" box="[199,322,476,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AC2CFE13274ABFA7" box="[328,539,476,502]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AC2CFE13274ABFA7" box="[328,539,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all congeners by unique combination of the following characters: white snout with black-bordered scales; interocular black band separating white snout from red parietal region; gular region red with black-spotted scales on the posterior border; body triad 3–10; black ring of the first triad incomplete (MIBL), dorsally elongated (4–16 scales long) with anterior portion triangular; ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96A85EFD8725FCBCD7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3975" metricValueMax="5.7912" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="212.5" valueMax="228.0" valueMin="197.0">197–228 in</quantity>
|
||
males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AC62FDA224D7BCD7" box="[262,390,620,646]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.435600000000001" metricValueMax="5.740399999999999" metricValueMin="5.130800000000001" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="214.0" valueMax="226.0" valueMin="202.0">202–226 in</quantity>
|
||
females; subcaudals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AF13FDA2278DBCD7" box="[631,732,620,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="14.0">14–26 in</quantity>
|
||
males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE48FDA226C1BCD7" box="[812,912,620,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="14.0">14–23 in</quantity>
|
||
females; last body triad incomplete; ANTWH of first triad narrow (2–4 scales long); hemipenis bilobed, partially capitate and with calcified spines arranged in diagonal rows, inconspicuous capitular crotch not dividing the organ completely and weakly developed basal pocket; premaxilla located below the nasal; posterior extremity of the parietal bone wide and rounded but does not exceed the height of the contact between the prooptic, and shorter fang with respect to maxillary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74BFF96ADA3FCEE20CCBB2A" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADA3FCEE243CBD6A" bold="true" box="[199,365,800,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AC16FCEF2714BD6B" box="[370,581,800,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AC16FCEF2714BD6B" box="[370,581,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AFB0FCEF2664BD6B" box="[724,821,801,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFB0FCEF2664BD6B" box="[724,821,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having tricolor head with dark interorbital bar, white anterior ring before black ring of an incomplete triad, hemipenis non-capitate, and fangs proportionally short with respect to maxillary (vs. well-defined black cephalic cap connected to first black ring, hemipenis capitate, and venom fangs proportionally long with respect to maxillary); differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AE12FC43268DBDF7" authorityName="Roze" authorityYear="1983" box="[886,988,908,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE12FC43268DBDF7" box="[886,988,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. diana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having absence of cephalic cap, first body triad incomplete, body triads 3–10, last triad incomplete, ventral 174–228 (vs. cephalic cap connected to first black body ring, first body triad complete, body triads 9–15, ventrals 214–116); differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96A9F8FC1B2079BDBF" baseAuthorityName="Günther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1180,1320,980,1006]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A9F8FC1B2079BDBF" box="[1180,1320,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having white snout with black-edged scales, relatively robust body, ventrals 197–228 and less than 11 complete body triads (vs. black snout interrupted by white transverse band, body thin, ventrals 239–329, and 10–22 complete body triads); differs from complex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96ACEAFB8F2768BA0B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[398,569,1088,1114]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ACEAFB8F2768BA0B" box="[398,569,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. lemniscatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex by having white snout with black-edged scales, infralabias without characteristic spots and ventrals 197–228 (vs. black snout, followed by white and black band, and inverted U-shaped spot covering infralabials; ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AF7FFB4627C8BAF3" box="[539,665,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1975999999999996" metricValueMax="6.680199999999999" metricValueMin="5.715" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="244.0" valueMax="263.0" valueMin="225.0">225–263 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AFFAFB4726C5BAF3" authorityName="K.P.Schmidt & F.J.W.Schmidt" authorityYear="1925" box="[670,916,1160,1186]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lemniscatus" subSpecies="helleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFFAFB4726C5BAF3" box="[670,916,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. lemniscatus helleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE9BFB46212DBAF3" box="[1023,1148,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3754" metricValueMax="7.0358" metricValueMin="5.715" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="251.0" valueMax="277.0" valueMin="225.0">225–277 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A9E5FB47206CBAF3" box="[1153,1341,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
M. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96A9DDFB46206CBAF3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1209,1341,1160,1186]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">lemniscatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96ADB1FB632491BA97" authorityName="K.P.Schmidt" authorityYear="1953" box="[213,448,1196,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hemprichii" subSpecies="ortoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADB1FB632491BA97" box="[213,448,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. hemprichii ortoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having divided cloacal scale and red rings composing triads (vs. entire cloacal scale and yellow rings composing triads); differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AFD6FB1F2666BABB" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1952" box="[690,823,1233,1258]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nattereri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFD6FB1F2666BABB" box="[690,823,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. nattereri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74BFF96AE0EFB1F2173BABB" baseAuthorityName="Roze" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[874,1058,1233,1258]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE0EFB1F2173BABB" box="[874,1058,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">M. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having white snout with blackbordered scales, anterior ring narrow and white before first black ring, first body triad incomplete, eyes and nostrils positioned laterally, and hemipenis short without papillate or spinulate calyces (vs. red snout with black posterior border, narrow anterior and posterior black ring as well as white rings, first body triad complete, eyes and nostrils oriented toward the top of head, and hemipenis short, moderately elongate with calyculated lobes and calcified spines).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74BFF96ADA3FA4A20D3B922" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADA3FA4A2651BBCE" bold="true" box="[199,768,1412,1439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">
|
||
Meristic and morphometric variation (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFFAFA4B27ECBBCE" bold="true" box="[670,701,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n=</emphasis>
|
||
150).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE09FA4B26BFBBCF" box="[877,1006,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3975" metricValueMax="5.7912" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="212.5" valueMax="228.0" valueMin="197.0">197–228 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 214; SD= 6.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A82DFA4B2006BBCF" box="[1353,1367,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 71),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96ADF3FA662448BB93" box="[151,281,1448,1474]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.435600000000001" metricValueMax="5.740399999999999" metricValueMin="5.130800000000001" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="214.0" valueMax="226.0" valueMin="202.0">202–226 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean = 214; SD= 4.9;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFFDFA6727F6BB93" box="[665,679,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 58); subcaudals
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE1FFA6626B0BB93" box="[891,993,1448,1474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="14.0">14–26 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 19.7; SD= 3.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A82DFA672006BB93" box="[1353,1367,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 67),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96ADF3FA0325ADBBB7" box="[151,252,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="14.0">14–23 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 18.9; SD= 2.2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AF11FA0327D2BBB7" box="[629,643,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 51); head length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE3AFA0326A5BBB6" box="[862,1012,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" metricValueMax="4.33" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="25.7" valueMax="43.3" valueMin="8.1">8.1–43.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males (mean = 22.9; SD= 7.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A81AFA0320DDBBB7" box="[1406,1420,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 73),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96ADA8FA3F2420B85A" box="[204,369,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="3.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="21.25" valueMax="32.4" valueMin="10.1">10.1–32.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (mean= 20.2; SD= 6.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE6EFA3F2649B85B" box="[778,792,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 47); SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AEC7FA3E2119B85A" box="[931,1096,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" metricValueMax="12.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="740.0" valueMax="1260.0" valueMin="220.0">220–1260 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males (mean= 748.1; SD= 303.9),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AD8BF9DB24C2B87E" box="[239,403,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.709999999999999" metricValueMax="11.22" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="671.0" valueMax="1122.0" valueMin="220.0">220–1122 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (mean= 640.8; SD= 262.6); TL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AEE2F9DA217BB87E" box="[902,1066,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.94" metricValueMax="6.67" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="39.4" valueMax="66.7" valueMin="12.1">12.1–66.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean= 40.1; SD= 14.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A834F9DB200FB87F" box="[1360,1374,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 67) in males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AC60F9F624F9B802" box="[260,424,1592,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="33.1" valueMax="54.1" valueMin="12.1">12.1–54.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (mean= 33.8; SD= 13.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE20F9F72603B803" box="[836,850,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 51); number of body triads
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96A9FBF9F62040B803" box="[1183,1297,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7652999999999999" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="1.0921999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="6.949999999999999" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="4.3">4.3–9.6 in</quantity>
|
||
males (converted: 2/3+3+1/3–2/3+8+2/3; mean= 6; SD= 1.12;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AF84F99327BFB827" box="[736,750,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 79),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE5DF99326F3B827" box="[825,930,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9431" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="1.0921999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="7.65" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.3">4.3–11 in</quantity>
|
||
females (converted: 2/3+3+1/3–2/3+10+2/3, mean= 7; SD= 1.3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AC15F94F242EB8CB" box="[369,383,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 57); ANTRD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AF4AF94E27FDB8CB" box="[558,684,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7089" metricValueMax="13.6906" metricValueMin="1.7271999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="30.349999999999998" valueMax="53.9" valueMin="6.8">6.8–53.9 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 26.1; SD= 13.2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A96AF94F214DB8CB" box="[1038,1052,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96A901F94E21B2B8CB" box="[1125,1251,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1026" metricValueMax="14.6304" metricValueMin="1.5748" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="31.9" valueMax="57.6" valueMin="6.2">6.2–57.6 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 25.5; SD= 14.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AC3CF96B2437B8EF" box="[344,358,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); ANTBL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AF7DF96B27CBB8EF" box="[537,666,1700,1727]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3975" metricValueMax="9.982199999999999" metricValueMin="0.8128" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="21.25" valueMax="39.3" valueMin="3.2">3.2–39.3 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 16.8; SD= 8.2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A964F96B215FB8EF" box="[1024,1038,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96A938F96B218CB8EF" box="[1116,1245,1700,1727]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="7.5946" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="29.9" valueMin="4.1">4.1–29.9 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 15.2; SD= 7.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AC20F9072403B8B3" box="[324,338,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); ANTWH 4.9–53.1 (mean= 22.3; SD= 10.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AEEAF90726CDB8B3" box="[910,924,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE83F9072137B8B3" box="[999,1126,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="10.4648" metricValueMin="1.2192" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="41.2" valueMin="4.8">4.8–41.2 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 19.8; SD= 9.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADAEF9232589B957" box="[202,216,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); MIBL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AC14F92224A1B957" box="[368,496,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2898" metricValueMax="13.589" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="28.7" valueMax="53.5" valueMin="3.9">3.9–53.5 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 19.6; SD= 10.4;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE3DF9232636B957" box="[857,871,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AED7F9232163B957" box="[947,1074,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.737100000000001" metricValueMax="8.407399999999999" metricValueMin="1.0668000000000002" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="18.65" valueMax="33.1" valueMin="4.2">4.2–33.1 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 16.4; SD= 7.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96ADF3F8DF25F4B97B" box="[151,165,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); POSWH
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AC3FF8DE248BB97B" box="[347,474,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3119" metricValueMax="11.7348" metricValueMin="0.889" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="24.85" valueMax="46.2" valueMin="3.5">3.5–46.2 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 21.2; SD= 9.9;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE51F8DF2612B97B" box="[821,835,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AEEAF8DE215FB97B" box="[910,1038,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5753" metricValueMax="9.8552" metricValueMin="1.2953999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="21.95" valueMax="38.8" valueMin="5.1">5.1–38.8 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 19.2; SD= 9.2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A81AF8DF20DDB97B" box="[1406,1420,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); POSBL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AC4EF8FA24FBB91F" box="[298,426,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6515" metricValueMax="10.3124" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="22.25" valueMax="40.6" valueMin="3.9">3.9–40.6 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 16.5; SD= 8.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AE62F8FB2645B91F" box="[774,788,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE3BF8FB268EB91F" box="[863,991,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2164" metricValueMax="7.3152" metricValueMin="1.1176" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="16.6" valueMax="28.8" valueMin="4.4">4.4–28.8 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean=14.7; SD= 6.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A82EF8FB2009B91F" box="[1354,1368,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49); POSRD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AD9CF8962426B923" box="[248,375,1880,1906]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.004299999999999" metricValueMax="16.4592" metricValueMin="1.5493999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="35.449999999999996" valueMax="64.8" valueMin="6.1">6.1–64.8 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean= 25.3; SD= 13.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96AFB9F89727BAB923" box="[733,747,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 70),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC3D9D4C74BFF96AE52F89626E4B923" box="[822,949,1880,1907]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4168" metricValueMax="13.7668" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="11" pageNumber="381" unit="in" value="29.2" valueMax="54.2" valueMin="4.2">4.2–54.2 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean= 23.8; SD= 13.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74BFF96A854F897206FB923" box="[1328,1342,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4424B9C74CFF91ADF3F85624CDB9A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="382" startId="12.[151,250,1944,1969]" targetBox="[164,1422,174,1925]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74CFF91ADF3F85624CDB9A8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1944,2041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74CFF91ADF3F8562443B9E0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1944,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="382">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74CFF91AE0AF8542114B9E0" authority="spixii" authorityName="spixii - Schmidt" authorityYear="1953" box="[878,1093,1946,1969]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spixii" subSpecies="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74CFF91AE0AF8542114B9E0" box="[878,1093,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="382">Micrurus spixii spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A—MPEG 20664) from municipality of Ourilândia do Norte, state of Pará, Brazil; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74CFF91AFA9F8702630B984" box="[717,865,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="382">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74CFF91AE62F8732630B984" box="[774,865,1981,2005]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B—MPEG 160) from Javari River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4424B9C74DFF90ADF3F9E526CBB8DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449628/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="383" startId="13.[151,250,1579,1604]" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1550]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74DFF90ADF3F9E526CBB8DA" blockId="13.[151,1436,1579,1676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74DFF90ADF3F9E52445B815" bold="true" box="[151,276,1579,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, lateral, ventral views of the skull; and labial and lateral face of mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74DFF90A9E2F9E22030B812" authority="spixii" authorityName="spixii - Schmidt" authorityYear="1953" box="[1158,1377,1580,1603]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spixii" subSpecies="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74DFF90A9E2F9E22030B812" box="[1158,1377,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">Micrurus spixii spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A— MPEG 20664) from municipality of Ourilândia do Norte, state of Pará, Brazil; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74DFF90AE83F99E212BB839" box="[999,1146,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74DFF90A97BF99E212BB839" box="[1055,1146,1616,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B—CEPB 5597) from municipality of Letícia, department of Amazonas, Colombia. Scale bar= 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74DFF90ADA3F97720D1B9A5" blockId="13.[151,1437,1721,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74DFF90ADA3F9772712B885" bold="true" box="[199,579,1721,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Color pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74DFF90AC1DF977248DB885" box="[377,476,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,891,916]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,174,867]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,174,872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparison of schematic representation of the color pattern in life of Micrurus spixii complex, M. s. spixii and M. s. martiusi (A—1= supralabial and infralabial red; 2= cephalic cap; 3= first body ring connected to cephalic cap) and M. s. obscurus and M. s. princeps (B—1= white snout and scales with black spots; 2= interocular black band; 3= red parietal region; 4= first narrow white body ring; 5= black body ring with anterior triangular portion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449612/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74DFF90AC8CF9772755B885" box="[488,516,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. General view in life and after preservation for non-melanic and melanic specimens of Micrurus obscurus. Live non-melanic individual from Bolivia (A) and melanic individual from Colombia (B); preserved non-melanic specimen (C— ZSM: SN1) from municipality of Cochabamba, department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, and melanic (D—FMNH 64728) from Colombia; and dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of preserved non-melanic (E—ZSM 203-1925) from municipality of Manacapurú, state of Amazonas and melanic (F—ANSP 21646) from Colombia. Scale bar C–D= 30 mm, E–F= 15 mm. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A) and Jairo Maldonado (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449636/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">10</figureCitation>
|
||
A-F).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In life (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74DFF90AFF9F97527FAB885" box="[669,683,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="383">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14) white snout formed by rostral, internasals, nasals, prefrontals, preoculars, supraoculars and frontal; cephalic scales with black posterior borders; dark interorbital bar with irregular contours, separating white snout from red cephalic region; red region starting at posterior border of frontal, covering parietals, postorbital, anterior temporals, and fifth to seventh supralabial; mental black, first and second infralabials red with black spots, third to fifth supralabial red with black borders; first triad of body incomplete followed by 3–10 complete triads; white rings with anterior borders darkening gradually to black posterior borders; black rings become narrower ventrally; red rings with brown posterior borders; first incomplete body triad with narrow ANTWH, followed by MIBL, POSWH and POSBL rings (2/3); tail triad incomplete (1/3) or complete; dorsal scales of white and red rings with black posterior borders, 2/3 of scales dark and gradually become lighter towards anterior border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4424B9C74EFF93ADF3F8C72712B9AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449632/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="384" startId="14.[151,250,1801,1826]" targetBox="[177,1411,166,1781]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74EFF93ADF3F8C72712B9AB" blockId="14.[151,1437,1801,2042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74EFF93ADF3F8C72445B973" bold="true" box="[151,276,1801,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="384">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
General view in life and after preservation for non-melanic and melanic specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74EFF93A9EAF8C42063B970" box="[1166,1330,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74EFF93A9EAF8C4207FB970" box="[1166,1326,1802,1825]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">Micrurus spixii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Live nonmelanic individual from municipality of Jaci Paraná, state of Rondônia, Brazil (A) and melanic individual from state of Rondônia, Brazil (B); preserved non-melanic specimen (C—MPEG 23389) from municipality of Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil; and melanic (D—MZUSP CCO-233) from municipality of Colíder, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil; and dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of preserved non-melanic (E—ZSM 203-1925) from municipality of Manacapurú, state of Amazonas, and melanic (F—ZSM 124-1915) from municipality of Campos do Ariramba, state of Pará, Brazil. Scale bar C–D= 30 mm, E–F= 15 mm. Photos by R. Gaiga (A) and T. Barros (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4424B9C74FFF92ADF3FBEE2045BA0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449634/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" startId="15.[151,250,1056,1081]" targetBox="[161,1430,184,1032]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74FFF92ADF3FBEE2045BA0D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1056,1117]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ADF3FBEE2446BA68" bold="true" box="[151,279,1056,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92AF24FBEF278EBA69" box="[576,735,1057,1080]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AF24FBEF278EBA69" box="[576,735,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Micrurus spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AE7CFBEF26F1BA69" box="[792,928,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92AE7CFBEF26CCBA69" box="[792,925,1056,1080]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">M. obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Legends: Black circle=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92A9C3FBEF2017BA69" box="[1191,1350,1057,1080]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92A9C3FBEF2017BA69" box="[1191,1350,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Micrurus spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; yellow circle= type-locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92ACE2FB8B248EBA0D" box="[390,479,1093,1116]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ACE2FB8B248EBA0D" box="[390,479,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">M. spixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; black triangle=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92AFEFFB8B2659BA0D" box="[651,776,1092,1116]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AFEFFB8B2659BA0D" box="[651,776,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">M. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and yellow triangle= type-locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92A9F4FB8B2041BA0D" box="[1168,1296,1092,1116]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">M. obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74FFF92ADA3FB45215ABABC" blockId="15.[151,1437,1162,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
In preservative solution (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AC85FB4224BEBAF4" box="[481,495,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 165) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74FFF92AF2CFB4527C9BAF4" box="[584,664,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. General view in life and after preservation for non-melanic and melanic specimens of Micrurus obscurus. Live non-melanic individual from Bolivia (A) and melanic individual from Colombia (B); preserved non-melanic specimen (C— ZSM: SN1) from municipality of Cochabamba, department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, and melanic (D—FMNH 64728) from Colombia; and dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of preserved non-melanic (E—ZSM 203-1925) from municipality of Manacapurú, state of Amazonas and melanic (F—ANSP 21646) from Colombia. Scale bar C–D= 30 mm, E–F= 15 mm. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A) and Jairo Maldonado (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449636/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E), red becomes light buff and creamish white becomes pale buff. In melanic specimens (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ACF9FB7E24EFBA98" box="[413,446,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">n=</emphasis>
|
||
19) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74FFF92AC98FB6127F5BA98" box="[508,676,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[194,1394,166,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. General view in life and after preservation for non-melanic and melanic specimens of Micrurus obscurus. Live non-melanic individual from Bolivia (A) and melanic individual from Colombia (B); preserved non-melanic specimen (C— ZSM: SN1) from municipality of Cochabamba, department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, and melanic (D—FMNH 64728) from Colombia; and dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of preserved non-melanic (E—ZSM 203-1925) from municipality of Manacapurú, state of Amazonas and melanic (F—ANSP 21646) from Colombia. Scale bar C–D= 30 mm, E–F= 15 mm. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A) and Jairo Maldonado (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449636/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Fig. 10B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), darkening occurs in keratinized portion of cephalic and corporeal scales; specimens showed a strong tendency towards melanism 43.5% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AEDEFB1A2699BABC" box="[954,968,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 71).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74FFF92ADA3FB382655B860" blockId="15.[151,1437,1162,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ADA3FB3827FBBB40" bold="true" box="[199,682,1270,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
Hemipenial morphology (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92AC9CFB392759BB40" bold="true" box="[504,520,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74FFF92AF27FB3827CABB40" box="[579,667,1270,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,174,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[164,1422,174,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of Micrurus spixii spixii (A—MPEG 20664) from municipality of Ourilândia do Norte, state of Pará, Brazil; and M. s. obscurus (B—MPEG 160) from Javari River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449624/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Hemipenis, slightly bilobed, partially capitate and ornamented with calcified spines; deep sulcus spermaticus bifurcating on the second third of organ and running to apical region of lobes; sulcus spermaticus borders ornamented with spines along its entire extension; lobes short (approximately 30% of organ size), ornamented with spines smaller than those along hemipenial body, distributed in vertical rows; region between lobes with two rows of five diminutive spines; capitular crotch barely distinct on the sulcate and more evident on the asulcate face of hemipenis; body ornamented by few diminute spines; larger spines located on the central portion of capitulum, reducing in size towards lobes, and being less numerous on the sulcate face of organ; asulcate face covered ivy larger spines arranged in transverse rows; basal pocket weakly developed, without ornamentation and delimited by a central protuberance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74FFF92ADA3F9F420D9B900" blockId="15.[151,1437,1162,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ADA3F9F4273DB804" bold="true" box="[199,620,1594,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
Skull morphology (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ACD1F9F52485B804" bold="true" box="[437,468,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">n=</emphasis>
|
||
2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74FFF92AF6DF9F42735B804" box="[521,612,1594,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,182,1550]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal, lateral, ventral views of the skull; and labial and lateral face of mandibles of Micrurus spixii spixii (A— MPEG 20664) from municipality of Ourilândia do Norte, state of Pará, Brazil; and M. s. obscurus (B—CEPB 5597) from municipality of Letícia, department of Amazonas, Colombia. Scale bar= 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449628/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Premaxillar mostly located below nasal bones (45.41% of total skull width), with short lateral processus transversus with respect to premaxillary length; parietal wide (57.6% of length, 49.2% of width of the skull); proximal borders of parietal with outer edges forming posterior part of ocular orbit; medial parietal crest bifurcating on the proximal third, continuing orbital region; posterior borders rounded and do not surpass prootics limits; palatine (27.46% of skull width) with 7–8 teeth; pterygoid with 4–5 teeth; maxillary (19.87% of skull length) inclined toward ventral part of skull with proximal part wide and connected to prefrontal, contacting ectopterygoid on its middle third; venom fang short (52.98% length of maxillary), recurved posteriorally, inserted on the proximal ventral extremity of maxillary; dentary with 8–10 teeth; coronoid process not extensive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32127BAC74FFF92ADA3F894202AB9B0" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B847431C74FFF92ADA3F894202AB9B0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1162,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ADA3F89424EEB924" bold="true" box="[199,447,1882,1909]" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130068B4C74FFF92AC0FF89424E1B924" box="[363,432,1882,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1056,1081]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,184,1032]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1037]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographic distribution of Micrurus spixii and M. obscurus. Legends: Black circle= Micrurus spixii; yellow circle= type-locality of M. spixii; black triangle= M. obscurus; and yellow triangle= type-locality of M. obscurus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449634/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B0FB2C74FFF92ACA3F89227CDB924" box="[455,668,1883,1909]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FA823C74FFF92ACA3F89227CDB924" box="[455,668,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Micrurus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from the central region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74FFF92A945F8952122B924" box="[1057,1139,1883,1909]" name="Bolivia" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south bank of the Surutú River, near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74FFF92AC7EF8B12777B9CB" box="[282,550,1919,1946]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Santa Cruz de La Sierra</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to the west, following the foothills of the Andes through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74FFF92A9C6F8B12186B9C8" box="[1186,1239,1919,1945]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74FFF92A986F8B1206CB9C8" box="[1250,1341,1919,1945]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74FFF92A817F8B125B2B9EC" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74FFF92AD94F86D241FB9EC" box="[240,334,1955,1981]" country="Colombia" name="Vichada" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Vichada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Amanaven, right bank of the Orinoco River). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C34A1C74FFF92AE3BF86D26F3B9EC" box="[863,930,1955,1981]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
it occurs in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFBAD3C74FFF92A9C3F86D218DB9EC" box="[1191,1244,1955,1981]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="15" pageNumber="385">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
(near the municipality of Candeias do Jamari) and Amazonas (municipality of Marabitanas), on the south bank of the Japurá River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |