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<document id="62DCD3AB5EA3DE0C0B0115449BFF81E1" ID-CLB-Dataset="128003" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649" ID-GBIF-Dataset="006719bf-f416-4310-9626-29381fd9c26d" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7012522" ID-ZooBank="5147CC1B-6144-4CA4-BA63-E39ED0A20E1C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660992512912" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L. &amp; Ahrens, Dirk" docDate="2022" docId="5D554F4F216FFFBFFF1AFB4F3DB7FC29" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.56.9-12.607-705.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Symmela Erichson 1835" docType="key" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="698" masterDocId="A16C37372136FFE4FFBAFFED3933FFA9" masterDocTitle="The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis" masterLastPageNumber="705" masterPageNumber="607" pageNumber="696" updateTime="1699372031290" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F21C588E1D869BCE13704BB6E5578669">The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis</mods:title>
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Identification key for the 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216FFFBDFE06FB4F3B2CFB12" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[444,543,1186,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E788224B216FFFBDFE06FB4F3B2CFB12" box="[444,543,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">Symmela</emphasis>
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species (
<specimenCount id="C3FA35D0216FFFBDFD3DFB4F3B9CFB10" box="[647,687,1186,1209]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
)
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<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216FFFBDFF05FB083DB0FACF" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05FB083DB0FA89" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216FFFBDFF05FB083DB0FA89" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
1. Pronotum with longitudinal median impression. Head and pronotum with iridescent copper shine (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216FFFBDFE3AFAEA38EEFA89" box="[384,477,1287,1312]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="33.[160,225,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,145,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-3@33.[163,1153,142,1686]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 9. Symmela flavimana Gory,1832, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus,dorsal view; (b) habitus,lateral view; (c) labels; (d) aedeagus,lateral view; (e) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012542/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(a,b))............................................................................................................ 2
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05FAC73DB0FACF" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216FFFBDFF05FAC73DB0FACF" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">1’. Pronotum without longitudinal median impression. Head and pronotum without iridescent copper shine. ................................................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216FFFBDFF05FA823DB0FA02" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
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<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216FFFBDFF05FA823DB0FA21" box="[191,1155,1391,1416]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">2. Lateral margin of pronotum not serrated.................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05FA7F3DB0FA02" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" box="[191,1155,1426,1451]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216FFFBDFF05FA7F3DB0FA02" box="[191,1155,1426,1451]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
2’. Lateral margin of pronotum serrated (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216FFFBDFD31FA7F3BC4FA02" box="[651,759,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(g)) ............................................................ 4
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05FA583DB7F9BA" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
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3. Pronotum with two posterior transversal furrows on each side (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216FFFBDFC19FA583D32FA67" box="[931,1025,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="33.[160,225,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,145,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-3@33.[163,1153,142,1686]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 9. Symmela flavimana Gory,1832, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus,dorsal view; (b) habitus,lateral view; (c) labels; (d) aedeagus,lateral view; (e) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012542/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(a,b)). Elytra without punctation between striae. Ventral metatarsal setae fine and short................ .................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216FFFBDFCD7FA173DB7F9BA" authority="(Gory, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Gory" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[877,1156,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimana">
<emphasis id="E788224B216FFFBDFCD7FA173AC7F9BA" box="[877,1012,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">S. flavimana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216FFFBDFBBBFA173D4FF9BA" author="Gory HL" box="[1025,1148,1530,1555]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" pagination="1829 - 1844" refId="ref43172" refString="Gory HL. 1832. Serica flavimana. p. 98 (Figure 11) Plate 24 bis. In: Guerin-Meneville, F. E. 1829 - 1844: Iconographie du Regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature, de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux, avec un text descritif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie. - Paris, Bailliere 7 (50 livr.), 110 Taf." type="journal article" year="1832">Gory, 1832</bibRefCitation>
)
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3’. Pronotum without posterior transversal furrows. Elytra with punctation between striae. Ventral metatarsal setae robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres .................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216FFFBDFCDBF98F3DB0F9D2" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[865,1155,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Symela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instabilis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216FFFBDFCDBF98F3AEAF9D2" box="[865,985,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">S. instabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216FFFBDFC5BF98F3DB0F9D2" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,1634,1659]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05F9683DB0F937" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" box="[191,1155,1669,1694]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
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4. Spur of protibia curved interiorly (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216FFFBDFDE3F9683BF6F937" box="[601,709,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(c))...................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216FFFBDFCD7F9683DB0F937" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[877,1155,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="E788224B216FFFBDFCD7F9683AEAF937" box="[877,985,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">S. elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216FFFBDFC5BF9683DB0F937" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,1669,1694]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216FFFBDFF05F94A3DB7F969" blockId="89.[191,1156,1253,1728]" box="[191,1156,1703,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216FFFBDFF05F94A3DB7F969" box="[191,1156,1703,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">
4’. Spur of protibia straight.......................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216FFFBDFC2EF94A3D13F969" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[916,1056,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi" status="sp. nov.">S. martinezi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216FFFBDFB9CF94A3DB7F969" box="[1062,1156,1703,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216FFFBDFB9CF94A3D4DF969" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,1703,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="696">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FF623DB0FF01" box="[191,1155,143,168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
5. Metacoxa with long lateral bristles (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDD6FF623BEBFF01" box="[620,728,143,168]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="62.[160,225,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[223,1091,143,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@62.[223,1092,142,1651]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 20. Symmela nitidicolis Burmeister, 1855, (a–c) lectotype ♀, (d, e) non type specimen ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012566/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 20</figureCitation>
(b)).................................................................. 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FF5F3DB0FF62" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,178,203]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FF5F3DB0FF62" box="[191,1155,178,203]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
5’. Metacoxa without long lateral bristles (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD2DFF5F3A30FF62" box="[663,771,178,203]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[232,1084,143,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-3@56.[231,1085,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, dorsal view; (f) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012562/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(b)).......................................................... 9
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<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FF393DB0FEB9" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FF393DB0FEB9" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
6. Punctation of labroclypeus posteriorly sparse (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD5EFF393A7DFF44" box="[740,846,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="88.[160,225,1283,1306]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-83@88.[163,1153,142,1266]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 31. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. martinezi sp. nov.; (b) S. mutabilis; (c) S. nitida; (d) S. nitidicollis; (e) S. nunesorum sp. nov.; (f) S. opaca; (g) S. paschoali sp. nov.; (h) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (i) S. reischei sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. terezae sp. nov.; (l) S. unidentata sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012588/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 31</figureCitation>
(d))................................................. ........................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC83FF1A3DB0FEB9" authority="Burmeister, 1855" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[825,1155,247,272]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidicollis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC83FF1A3A8DFEB9" box="[825,958,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. nitidicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC7CFF1A3DB0FEB9" author="Burmeister H" box="[966,1155,247,272]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" refId="ref42605" refString="Burmeister H. 1855. Handbuch der Entomologie. Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga Chaenochela. Berlin: T. C. F. Enslin." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister, 1855</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FEF73DB0FE9A" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,282,307]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FEF73DB0FE9A" box="[191,1155,282,307]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">6’. Punctation of labroclypeus posteriorly dense......................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FED13DB0FE49" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FED13DB0FE32" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FED13DB0FE32" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
7. Parameres hooked at apex (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD92FED13BAAFEFC" box="[552,665,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="80.[160,225,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[216,1100,142,1644]" captionTargetId="figure-3@80.[216,1100,142,1645]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 26. Symmela tarsalis Moser,1919, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels;(d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012578/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 26</figureCitation>
(d,e)). Anterior margin of labroclypeus not elevated (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFEF4FEB2388AFED1" box="[334,441,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="88.[160,225,1283,1306]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-83@88.[163,1153,142,1266]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 31. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. martinezi sp. nov.; (b) S. mutabilis; (c) S. nitida; (d) S. nitidicollis; (e) S. nunesorum sp. nov.; (f) S. opaca; (g) S. paschoali sp. nov.; (h) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (i) S. reischei sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. terezae sp. nov.; (l) S. unidentata sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012588/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 31</figureCitation>
(j)); behind anterior margin without a rim of setae............................ .......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC37FE6F3DB0FE32" authority="Moser, 1919" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[909,1155,386,411]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC37FE6F3AC0FE32" box="[909,1011,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. tarsalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC41FE6F3DB0FE32" author="Moser J" box="[1019,1155,386,411]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="3 - 64" refId="ref43437" refString="Moser J. 1919. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Melolonthiden. IX. Stettiner Entomol Ztg. 80: 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1919">Moser, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FE493DB0FE49" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FE493DB0FE49" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
7’. Parameres not hooked at apex (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDDFFE493BE5FE14" box="[613,726,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[232,1084,143,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-3@56.[231,1085,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, dorsal view; (f) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012562/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(d)). Anterior margin of labroclypeus reflexed; behind anterior margin with a rim of setae (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFC8FFE2A3A9FFE49" box="[821,940,455,480]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figures 30</figureCitation>
(k) and 31(b))....... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FE073DB7FDC2" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FE073DB0FD8C" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FE073DB0FD8C" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
8. Parameres half as long as phallobase excluding basal apodeme (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFC57FE073D53FDAA" box="[1005,1120,490,515]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[232,1084,143,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-3@56.[231,1085,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, dorsal view; (f) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012562/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(f)). Subparameres separated medially (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDD1FDE13BE5FD8C" box="[619,726,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[232,1084,143,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-3@56.[231,1085,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, dorsal view; (f) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012562/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(e))....... ....... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCE1FDE13DB0FD8C" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[859,1155,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCE1FDE13AEAFD8C" box="[859,985,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. mutabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC5BFDE13DB0FD8C" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,524,549]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FDC23DB7FDC2" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FDC23DB7FDC2" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
8’. Parameres almost subequal in length to phallobase excluding basal apodeme (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFF5CFDBF3863FDC2" box="[230,336,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[253,1062,144,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-3@38.[251,1065,142,1650]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 11. Symmela guerlini sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012546/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(d)). Subparameres fused medially (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD64FDBF3A75FDC2" box="[734,838,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[253,1062,144,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-3@38.[251,1065,142,1650]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 11. Symmela guerlini sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012546/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(c)).... .... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC10FDBF3D2CFDC2" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[938,1055,594,619]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerlini" status="sp. nov.">S. guerlini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9CFDBF3DB7FDC2" box="[1062,1156,594,619]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFB9CFDBF3D4DFDC2" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,594,619]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FD993DB0FD19" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FD993DB0FD24" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,628,653]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FD993DB0FD24" box="[191,1155,628,653]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
9. Metatibia widest at middle (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDACFD993BB2FD24" box="[534,641,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[335,980,145,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-3@36.[333,983,142,1650]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 10. Symmela fuhrmanni sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) aedeagus, lateral view; (d) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012544/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(a,b))........................................................................... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FD7A3DB0FD19" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,663,688]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FD7A3DB0FD19" box="[191,1155,663,688]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">9’. Metatibial width at apex and middle subequal .................................................................. 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FD573DB0FCB1" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FD573DB7FD7A" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1156,698,723]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FD573DB7FD7A" box="[191,1156,698,723]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
10. Parameres stout, much wider at base (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD22FD573A30FD7A" box="[664,771,698,723]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="41.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[251,1065,144,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-3@41.[248,1068,142,1650]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 12. Symmela iannuzziae sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) aedeagus, lateral view; (d) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012548/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(d)).............. 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC3FFD573D2CFD7A" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[901,1055,698,723]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iannuzziae" status="sp. nov.">S. iannuzziae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9CFD573DB7FD7A" box="[1062,1156,698,723]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFB9CFD573D4DFD7A" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,698,723]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FD313DB0FCB1" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FD313DB0FCB1" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
10’. Parameres elongated, subparallel (dorsal view) (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFCBDFD313A40FD5C" box="[775,883,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[335,980,145,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-3@36.[333,983,142,1650]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 10. Symmela fuhrmanni sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) aedeagus, lateral view; (d) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012544/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(d)).......................................... ......................................................................................................................... 
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC3DFD123DB0FCB1" bold="true" box="[903,1155,767,792]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC3DFD123D2DFCB1" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[903,1054,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuhrmanni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC3DFD123D2DFCB1" bold="true" box="[903,1054,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. fuhrmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9FFD123DB0FCB1" box="[1061,1155,767,792]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FCCF3DB0FCF4" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FCCF3DB0FC92" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,802,827]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FCCF3DB0FC92" box="[191,1155,802,827]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
11. Labroclypeus rectangular (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDA8FCCF3B4EFC92" box="[530,637,802,827]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(e)) ............................................................................... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FCA93DB0FCF4" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,836,861]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FCA93DB0FCF4" box="[191,1155,836,861]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
11’. Labroclypeus subtrapezoidal (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD87FCA93B99FCF4" box="[573,682,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(f)) ........................................................................ 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FC8A3DB0FC41" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FC8A3DB0FC0A" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FC8A3DB0FC0A" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
12. Labroclypeus yellowish (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDAEFC8A3BBAFC29" box="[532,649,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(e)). First protarsomere as long as second (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFF5CFC673860FC0A" box="[230,339,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(b))........................................... ........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCDEFC673DB0FC0A" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[868,1155,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCDEFC673AEAFC0A" box="[868,985,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. clypeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC5BFC673DB0FC0A" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,906,931]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FC413DB0FC41" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FC413DB0FC41" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
12’. Labroclypeus blackish (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFE4DFC413B56FC6C" box="[503,613,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(n)). First protarsomere subequal to second and third combined (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFE26FC223B3BFC41" box="[412,520,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(e)).......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCCCFC223DB0FC41" authority="Frey, 1973" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[886,1155,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jatahyensis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCCCFC223D3AFC41" box="[886,1033,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. jatahyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFBAAFC223DB0FC41" author="Frey G" box="[1040,1155,975,1000]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="315 - 366" refId="ref42979" refString="Frey G. 1973. Synopsis der sudamerikanischen Sericinen. Entomol Arb Mus Frey. 1973: 315 - 366." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FC1F3DB0FB84" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FC1F3DB0FBA2" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1010,1035]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FC1F3DB0FBA2" box="[191,1155,1010,1035]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">13. Anterior margin of labroclypeus not reflexed .................................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FBF93DB0FB84" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1044,1069]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FBF93DB0FB84" box="[191,1155,1044,1069]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
13’. Anterior margin of labroclypeus reflexed (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD7EFBF93A03FB84" box="[708,816,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="82.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[223,1086,143,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-3@82.[223,1092,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 27. Symmela terezae sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012580/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 27</figureCitation>
(b))............................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FBDA3DB0FBDA" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FBDA3DB0FBF9" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1079,1104]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FBDA3DB0FBF9" box="[191,1155,1079,1104]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
14. Punctation of basal labroclypeus sparse (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD09FBDA3A13FBF9" box="[691,800,1079,1104]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-3@87.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Heads of Symmela species. (a) S. beskei sp. nov.; (b) S. brasiliensis; (c) S. capixaba sp. nov.; (d) S. clarki sp. nov.; (e) S. clypeata; (f) S. corumbana; (g) S. elegans; (h) S. erichsoni sp. nov.; (i) S. flavimana; (j) S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.; (k) S. guerlini sp. nov.; (l) S. iannuzziae sp. nov.; (m) S. instabilis; (n) S. jatahyensis; (o) S. longula. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012586/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 30</figureCitation>
(f)).... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCE6FBDA3DB0FBF9" authority="Moser, 1921" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1921" box="[860,1155,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corumbana">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCE6FBDA3AC0FBF9" box="[860,1011,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. corumbana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC41FBDA3DB0FBF9" author="Moser J" box="[1019,1155,1079,1104]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="133 - 182" refId="ref43460" refString="Moser J. 1921. Neue Melolonthiden von Mittel- und Sudamerika. Stettiner Entomol Ztg. 82: 133 - 182." type="journal article" year="1921">Moser, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FBB73DB0FBDA" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1114,1139]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FBB73DB0FBDA" box="[191,1155,1114,1139]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">14’. Punctation of basal labroclypeus dense .............................................................................. 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FB913DB0FB72" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FB913DB0FB11" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FB913DB0FB11" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
15. Pronotum not iridescent. Parameres dorso-ventrally flattened (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFC1DFB913D27FB3C" box="[935,1044,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="59.[160,225,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[186,1130,142,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-3@59.[186,1131,142,1645]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figure 19. Symmela nitida Erichson, 1835, holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012564/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(d,e)).......... ........................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC3BFB723DB0FB11" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[897,1155,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Symela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC3BFB723AE9FB11" box="[897,986,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. nitida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC5BFB723DB0FB11" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,1183,1208]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FB2F3DB0FB72" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1218,1243]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FB2F3DB0FB72" box="[191,1155,1218,1243]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
15’. Pronotum iridescent. Parameres subtubular (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD5EFB2F3A72FB72" box="[740,833,1218,1243]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,145,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1664]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 2. Symmela brasiliensis Moser, 1919, holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012528/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(d,e)) ........................................ 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FB093DB0FA89" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FB093DB0FB54" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1252,1277]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FB093DB0FB54" box="[191,1155,1252,1277]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
16. First protarsomere weakly enlarged (see 
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD0BFB093A28FB54" box="[689,795,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(a)).... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCDFFB093DB0FB54" authority="Moser, 1919" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[869,1155,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Symela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCDFFB093AC0FB54" box="[869,1011,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. brasiliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC41FB093DB0FB54" author="Moser J" box="[1019,1155,1252,1277]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="3 - 64" refId="ref43437" refString="Moser J. 1919. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Melolonthiden. IX. Stettiner Entomol Ztg. 80: 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1919">Moser, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FAEA3DB0FA89" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1287,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FAEA3DB0FA89" box="[191,1155,1287,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
16’. First protarsomere strongly enlarged (see 
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFD7EFAEA3A02FA89" box="[708,817,1287,1312]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(g)).... .... 
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC28FAEA3DB0FA89" bold="true" box="[914,1155,1287,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC28FAEA3D2EFA89" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[914,1053,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paschoali" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFC28FAEA3D2EFA89" bold="true" box="[914,1053,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. paschoali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9FFAEA3DB0FA89" box="[1061,1155,1287,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FAC73DB0FACC" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FAC73DB0FAEA" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1322,1347]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FAC73DB0FAEA" box="[191,1155,1322,1347]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">17. Protibia with one tooth; if with two teeth, second tooth indistinct.......................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FAA13DB0FACC" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1356,1381]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FAA13DB0FACC" box="[191,1155,1356,1381]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
17. Protibia with two distinct teeth (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDEFFAA13B8CFACC" box="[597,703,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="93.[160,225,1503,1526]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,143,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-3@93.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figure 32. (a–k) Anterior legs of Symmela species (males), (l) pygidium (female). (a) S. clarki sp. nov.; (b) S.clypeata; (c, l) S.elegans; (d) S. instabilis; (e) S.jatahyensis; (f) S.mutabilis; (g) S. nunesorum sp.nov.; (h) S. opaca; (i) S. pseudopaca sp. nov.; (j) S. tarsalis; (k) S. nitidicollis (lectotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012590/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 32</figureCitation>
(a)) ................................................................... 21
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FA823DB0FA02" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FA823DB0FA21" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1391,1416]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FA823DB0FA21" box="[191,1155,1391,1416]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">18. Pronotum shiny. Elytra unicoloured, black .......................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FA7F3DB0FA02" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1155,1426,1451]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FA7F3DB0FA02" box="[191,1155,1426,1451]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">18’. Pronotum dull. Elytra bicoloured............................................................................................ 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBEFF05FA593DB7F9BA" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FA593DB7FA59" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FA593DB7FA59" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
19. Metatibia widest at middle (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFDA4FA593BBAFA64" box="[542,649,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="82.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[223,1086,143,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-3@82.[223,1092,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 27. Symmela terezae sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012580/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 27</figureCitation>
(b)). Paramere with lateral tooth (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFC42FA593D51FA64" box="[1016,1122,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="82.[160,225,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[223,1086,143,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-3@82.[223,1092,142,1649]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 27. Symmela terezae sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012580/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 27</figureCitation>
(c)) ................................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC17FA3A3D2CFA59" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[941,1055,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terezae" status="sp. nov.">S. terezae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9CFA3A3DB7FA59" box="[1062,1156,1495,1520]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFB9CFA3A3D4DFA59" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,1495,1520]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBEFF05FA173DB7F9BA" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" box="[191,1156,1530,1555]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBEFF05FA173DB7F9BA" box="[191,1156,1530,1555]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
19’. Metatibia widest at apex. Paramere without lateral tooth.. 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFC39FA173D2CF9BA" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[899,1055,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unidentata" status="sp. nov.">S. unidentata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216CFFBEFB9CFA173DB7F9BA" box="[1062,1156,1530,1555]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFB9CFA173D4DF9BA" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,1530,1555]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216CFFBFFF05F9F13DB7FF44" blockId="90.[191,1156,143,1659]" lastBlockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="698" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216CFFBFFF05F9F13DB7FF44" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="698" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216CFFBFFF05F9F13DB7FF44" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="698" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">
20. Parameres more stout (lateral and ventral view); their lateral margin strongly concave (dorsal view); dorsal face of parameres basally concave (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216CFFBEFC00F9D23D14F9F1" box="[954,1063,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="69.[160,225,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[187,1128,145,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-3@69.[186,1131,142,1652]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figure 22. Symmela opaca Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d–e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012570/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">Figure 22</figureCitation>
(d,e))....... ....................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216CFFBEFCC7F98F3DB0F9D2" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[893,1155,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="E788224B216CFFBEFCC7F98F3AEAF9D2" box="[893,985,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="697">S. opaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216CFFBEFC5BF98F3DB0F9D2" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,1634,1659]" pageId="90" pageNumber="697" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
20’. Parameres more elongate (lateral and ventral view); their lateral margin almost straight (dorsal view); dorsal face of parameres basally plain or slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFF5CFF393867FF44" box="[230,340,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="74.[160,225,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1077,143,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-3@74.[239,1078,142,1652]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 24. Symmela pseudopaca sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus,dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012574/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 24</figureCitation>
(c,d))........................................... ........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFCCDFF393D2CFF44" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[887,1055,212,237]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudopaca" status="sp. nov.">S. pseudopaca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9CFF393DB7FF44" box="[1062,1156,212,237]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFF393D4DFF44" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,212,237]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FF1A3DB0FE9A" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FF1A3DB0FEB9" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1155,247,272]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FF1A3DB0FEB9" box="[191,1155,247,272]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
21. Parameres elongate (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFE6FFF1A3B1EFEB9" box="[469,557,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[278,1039,144,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[275,1042,142,1651]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 1. Symmela beskei sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012526/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c,d)) ......................................................................................... 22
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FEF73DB0FE9A" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1155,282,307]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FEF73DB0FE9A" box="[191,1155,282,307]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
21’. Parameres stout (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFE0BFEF73B3DFE9A" box="[433,526,282,307]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1581,1604]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[163,1153,142,1564]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 4. Symmela clarki sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres,dorsal view; (d) aedeagus,dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012532/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(c–e))............................................................................................... 24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FED13DB0FED1" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FED13DB0FEFC" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1155,316,341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FED13DB0FEFC" box="[191,1155,316,341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
22. Parameres dorso-ventrally flattened (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFD3DFED13BC7FEFC" box="[647,756,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,145,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1643]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 16. Symmela longula Erichson, 1835, lectotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) labels; (d) parameres, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; d, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012558/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 16</figureCitation>
(d,e)).......... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFCD7FED13DB0FEFC" authority="Erichson, 1835" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1835" box="[877,1155,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longula">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFCD7FED13AEAFEFC" box="[877,985,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">S. longula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B16D83A8216DFFBFFC5BFED13DB0FEFC" author="Erichson WF" box="[993,1155,316,341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" pagination="256 - 270" refId="ref42712" refString="Erichson WF. 1835. Neue Sudamerikanische Kafergattungen aus der Familie der Blatterhorner. Arch Naturgeschichte. 1: 256 - 270." type="journal article" year="1835">Erichson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FEB23DB0FED1" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1155,351,376]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FEB23DB0FED1" box="[191,1155,351,376]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
22’. Parameres tubular (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFE73FEB23B13FED1" box="[457,544,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[278,1039,144,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[275,1042,142,1651]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 1. Symmela beskei sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, d = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012526/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c,d))............................................................................................ 23
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FE6F3DB0FE49" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FE6F3DB7FE32" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1156,386,411]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FE6F3DB7FE32" box="[191,1156,386,411]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
23. First protarsomere a little longer than second, not enlarged... ... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC03FE6F3D2CFE32" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[953,1055,386,411]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beskei" status="sp. nov.">S. beskei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9CFE6F3DB7FE32" box="[1062,1156,386,411]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFE6F3D4DFE32" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,386,411]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FE493DB0FE49" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FE493DB0FE49" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
23’. First protarsomere longer than second, third and fourth combined, enlarged.......... ............................................................................................................................ 
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFC23FE2A3DB0FE49" bold="true" box="[921,1155,455,480]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC23FE2A3D2DFE49" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[921,1054,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFC23FE2A3D2DFE49" bold="true" box="[921,1054,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">S. erichsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9FFE2A3DB0FE49" box="[1061,1155,455,480]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FE073DB7FD8C" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FE073DB0FDAA" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1155,490,515]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FE073DB0FDAA" box="[191,1155,490,515]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
24. Parameres trifid, distinctly divided into a dorsal and ventral lobe (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFC73FE073D15FDAA" box="[969,1062,490,515]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1581,1604]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[163,1153,142,1564]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 4. Symmela clarki sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres,dorsal view; (d) aedeagus,dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c, e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012532/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(c,e)) 25
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FDE13DB7FD8C" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" box="[191,1156,524,549]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FDE13DB7FD8C" box="[191,1156,524,549]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
24’. Parameres not trifid.................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC11FDE13D2CFD8C" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[939,1055,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reischei" status="sp. nov.">S. reischei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9CFDE13DB7FD8C" box="[1062,1156,524,549]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFDE13D4DFD8C" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,524,549]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FDC23DB0FD19" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FDC23DB7FDC2" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FDC23DB7FDC2" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
25. Protarsomere 5 dorso-ventrally flattened. Ventral lobe of parameres very short....... .................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC79FDBF3D13FDC2" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[963,1056,594,619]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarki" status="sp. nov.">S. clarki</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9CFDBF3DB7FDC2" box="[1062,1156,594,619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFDBF3D4DFDC2" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,594,619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FD993DB0FD19" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FD993DB0FD19" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">25’. Protarsomere 5 circular in cross section. Ventral lobe of parameres as long as dorsal one......................................................................................................................................................... 26</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="6E08E6FC216DFFBFFF05FD573DB7FC29" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FD573DB7FCB1" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FD573DB7FCB1" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
26. Pronotum as wide as elytra at humerus, its lateral margins evenly weakly curved (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFF5CFD313877FD5C" box="[230,324,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[273,1043,145,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[270,1047,142,1645]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 3. Symmela capixaba sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) aedeagus, lateral view; (d, e) parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c–e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012530/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(a)). Body yellowish brown. Parameres at apex wider (compared to body size, or length of phallobase)................................ ................................ 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC23FD123D2CFCB1" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[921,1055,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capixaba" status="sp. nov.">S. capixaba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCBB9F30216DFFBFFB9CFD123DB7FCB1" box="[1062,1156,767,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFD123D4DFCB1" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,767,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D543FE59216DFFBFFF05FCCF3DB7FC29" blockId="91.[191,1156,143,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
<keyLead id="6E0D5D6C216DFFBFFF05FCCF3DB7FC29" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">
26. Pronotum distinctly narrower than the elytra at humerus, its lateral margins bent at middle (
<figureCitation id="4DC7E2DC216DFFBFFE80FCA93893FCF4" box="[314,416,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="66.[160,225,1613,1636]" captionTargetBox="[170,1146,145,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-3@66.[167,1150,142,1596]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Figure 21. Symmela nunesorum sp. nov., holotype ♂. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) parameres, dorsal view; (d) aedeagus, dorsal view; (e) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c–e = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012568/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">Figure 21</figureCitation>
(a)). Body blackish. Parameres at apex narrower (compared to body size, or length of phallobase)............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="12FC85DA216DFFBFFC3AFC8A3D2CFC29" authority="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens, 2022" authorityName="Pacheco &amp; Wipfler &amp; Monné &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2022" box="[896,1055,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Symmela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nunesorum" status="sp. nov.">S. nunesorum</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E788224B216DFFBFFB9CFC8A3D4DFC29" bold="true" box="[1062,1150,871,896]" pageId="91" pageNumber="698">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>