179 lines
18 KiB
XML
179 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="940DD23E4FC4B8508CFD0A0C1C9C6DE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF84FFF8FF57FB85FA8FFDEC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FBA602ADB6F02B194B25665F4CACEE58">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9874B9B63BF0DE7F55492C63672E6218">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD80874BAF1966C52BCC187F817F431E">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BF7706621DEEB1CADA37C42BADFAF5AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5B119DA50331EA4E725D3FABF3E02E8C">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF84FFF8FF57FB85FA8FFDEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF84FFF8FF57FB85FA8FFDEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF84FFF8FF57FB85FA8FFDEC" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF84FFFFFF57FB85FEE3FBBD" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF84FFFFFF57FB85FC8EFBDF" blockId="35.[151,839,1042,1102]" box="[151,839,1042,1068]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF84FFFFFF57FB85FC8EFBDF" bold="true" box="[151,839,1042,1068]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF84FFFFFF57FB85FE2EFBDF" ID-CoL="6XDFT" authority="L. Agassiz" authorityName="L. Agassiz" box="[151,487,1042,1068]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFF57FB85FEA9FBDF" bold="true" box="[151,352,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Salmacis bicolor</emphasis>
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L. Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFDCFFB85FC8EFBDF" author="Agassiz" box="[527,839,1042,1068]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Agassiz, L. & Desor, P. J. E. (1846) Catalogue raisonne des familles, des genres, et des especes de la classe des echinodermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie, Zoologie, 6, 305 - 374." type="journal article" year="1846">L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF84FFFFFF57FBA2FEE3FBBD" blockId="35.[151,839,1042,1102]" box="[151,298,1077,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF84FFFFFF57FBA2FF2FFBBD" box="[151,230,1077,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[373,1247,1254,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[340,1247,1254,1874]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 37. Salmacis bicolor. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Preserved test of juvenile (MBC- 077814)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843401/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF84FFFFFF57FBEAFAA5FB41" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF84FFFFFF57FBEAFAA5FB41" blockId="35.[151,1435,1149,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF84FFFFFF57FBEAFAA5FB41" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF84FFFFFF57FBEAFDFBFB60" ID-CoL="6XDFT" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1923: 382" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="382" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,562,1149,1171]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFF57FBEAFE8BFB60" box="[151,322,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Salmacis bicolor</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFE8FFBE9FDFBFB60" author="Clark" box="[335,562,1149,1171]" page="382" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFE8FFBE9FE36FB60" author="Clark" box="[335,511,1149,1171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 382
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFDFCFBE9FCCCFB60" author="Clark" box="[572,773,1149,1171]" page="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFDFCFBE9FD25FB60" author="Clark" box="[572,748,1149,1171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 5
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFCD0FBE9FC26FB60" author="Clark" box="[784,1007,1149,1171]" page="84" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFCD0FBE9FC05FB60" author="Clark" box="[784,972,1149,1171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 84
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</treatmentCitation>
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–85;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFBE2FBEAFA5EFB60" author="Clark" box="[1058,1431,1149,1171]" page="231" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFBE2FBEAFAADFB60" author="Clark" box="[1058,1380,1149,1171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 231
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFF07FB0BFE6FFB41" author="Richmond" box="[199,422,1180,1202]" page="296" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFF07FB0BFEBDFB41" author="Richmond" box="[199,372,1180,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 296
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Samyn, 2003: 209,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF84FFFFFDB6FB0BFD7BFB41" box="[630,690,1180,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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C;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFD0FFB0BFC0EFB41" author="Branch" box="[719,967,1180,1202]" page="234" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFD0FFB0BFC5CFB41" author="Branch" box="[719,917,1180,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
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Branch
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFCDEFB0AFC82FB41" box="[798,843,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
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., 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 234
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 105.4;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF84FFFFFB85FB0BFACFFB41" author="Schultz" box="[1093,1286,1180,1202]" page="162" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF84FFFFFB85FB0BFB1CFB41" author="Schultz" box="[1093,1237,1180,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 300.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF28666EFF84FFFFFF57F8F0FEF5F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843401/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[373,1247,1254,1874]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF84FFFFFF57F8F0FEF5F86F" blockId="35.[151,1436,1895,1948]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFF57F8F0FED6F88E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1895,1917]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF84FFFFFEE5F8F0FE07F88E" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[293,462,1895,1917]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFEE5F8F0FE07F88E" box="[293,462,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Salmacis bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFE1AF8F0FE25F88E" bold="true" box="[474,492,1895,1917]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
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. Map showing distribution.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFCCAF8F0FCD2F88E" bold="true" box="[778,795,1895,1917]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
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. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF84FFFFFBBDF8F0FB46F88E" bold="true" box="[1149,1167,1895,1917]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
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. Preserved test of juvenile (MBC-077814).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF83FFF8FF57FF00FD85FED3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF83FFF8FF57FF00FD4DFF26" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FF57FF00FE4AFF43" bold="true" box="[151,387,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</emphasis>
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MBC-A
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<date id="FFE91026FF83FFF8FE2CFF0FFD88FF43" box="[492,577,152,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="31-02-22">022231</date>
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; MBC-A023323; MBC-A027708; MBC-A027736; MBC-A077817; MBC- A077815; MBC-A077813; MBC-A077816.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF83FFF8FF07FF74FD85FED3" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FF07FF74FEB9FF0F" bold="true" box="[199,368,227,252]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Identification.</emphasis>
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Test sub-conically raised; apical zone bare, without tubercles except those circling periproct. Spines brightly banded red and yellow.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF83FFF8FF07FEB8FC69FE63" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF83FFF8FF07FEB8FC86FEB4" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,544]" box="[199,847,303,328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FF07FEB8FE1BFEBB" bold="true" box="[199,466,303,328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
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||
Maximum test diameter
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||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF83FFF8FD2BFEA7FC82FEB4" box="[747,843,304,328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF83FFF8FF07FEC4FC69FE63" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FF07FEC4FE7FFE9F" bold="true" box="[199,438,339,364]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Global distribution.</emphasis>
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East coast region of South Africa, East Africa to Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF83FFF8FBADFEC4FAA8FE9F" author="Clark" box="[1133,1377,339,364]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 238." type="book chapter" year="1971">Clark & Rowe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and Ceylon to Java and Phillipines, from littoral to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF83FFF8FD65FEEFFD24FE7C" box="[677,749,376,400]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF83FFF8FD3BFEE0FC5CFE63" author="Schultz" box="[763,917,375,400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF83FFF8FF07FE0CFA8FFDEC" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF83FFF8FF07FE0CFA8FFDEC" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FF07FE0CFEF2FE47" bold="true" box="[199,315,411,436]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Closely resembles
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF83FFF8FDDCFE0CFCD2FE47" authorityName=": Schultz" authorityYear="2010" box="[540,795,411,436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="erythracis">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FDDCFE0CFCD2FE47" box="[540,795,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Salmaciella erythracis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, but differs in test shape, apical disc and appearance of ambulacral tubercles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF83FFF8FE58FE57FDF1FE2B" box="[408,568,447,472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eryhthracis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FE58FE57FDF1FE2B" box="[408,568,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. eryhthracis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a low test, anal opening eccentrically positioned towards periproctal margin and ambulacral tubercles reduced on alternating plates towards the aboral side; whilst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF83FFF8FB24FE73FA9CFE0F" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[1252,1365,483,508]" class="Echinoidea" family="Temnopleuridae" genus="Salmacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF83FFF8FB24FE73FA9CFE0F" box="[1252,1365,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a conically test, a periproct surrounded by tubercles and large tubercles disappearing towards the apical area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |