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<mods:title id="5BCB86F9592C877AC08F30F97BE8A304">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2BF50C5E60950DE129A9C3C091F797C5">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFC9023317E81CB8FBFF91AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706273" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFC9023317E81CB8FBFF91AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFC9023317E81CB8FBFF91AA" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC9023317E81CB8FCD99364" blockId="22.[151,891,1017,1044]" box="[151,891,1017,1044]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<heading id="D08281D1FFC9023317E81CB8FCD99364" bold="true" box="[151,891,1017,1044]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317E81CB8FCD99364" bold="true" box="[151,891,1017,1044]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023317E81CB8FD4F9364" authority="(Clark &amp; McKnight, 2001)" authorityName="Mah &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Clark &amp; McKnight" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[151,749,1017,1044]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317E81CB8FE3A9364" bold="true" box="[151,408,1017,1044]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix grangei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023316D81CB8FD479364" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[423,741,1017,1043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref23335" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight, 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257D4FFC90233158A1CB8FCD99364" box="[757,891,1017,1043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" rank="species">nov. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC9023317E81B7CFD449322" box="[151,742,1084,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC9023317E81B7CFD449322" blockId="22.[151,742,1084,1109]" box="[151,742,1084,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB651193FFC9023317E81B7CFD449322" box="[151,742,1084,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFC9023317E81B7CFD409322" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[151,738,1084,1109]" page="159" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023317E81B7CFD409322" ID-CoL="7W2MY" authority="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight 2001: 159" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,738,1084,1109]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317E81B7CFEF49322" box="[151,342,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
H. E. S.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023316CD1B7DFD409322" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[434,738,1084,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref23335" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight 2001: 159</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC9023317E81BC2FBFF91AA" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC9023317E81BC2FF5792C9" blockId="22.[151,1437,1155,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317E81BC2FEBD93E9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1155,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Comments.</emphasis>
A review of diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023315B41BC5FCF893E9" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[715,858,1156,1182]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023315B41BC5FCF893E9" box="[715,858,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus comparable taxa in the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023313C51BC2FA9993EA" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1210,1339,1155,1181]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023317B81BE9FD1B93B5" authority="Clark &amp; McKnight, 2001" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[199,697,1191,1218]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317B81BE9FE3B93B6" box="[199,409,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023316DF1BE6FD1B93B5" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[416,697,1191,1218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref23335" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
should be re-assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233133D1BE9FB7393B5" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[1090,1233,1192,1218]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233133D1BE9FB7393B5" box="[1090,1233,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54CE881FFFC9023313A11BE6FAE493B6" box="[1246,1350,1191,1217]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
images and the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023316EF1B8DFDC09392" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[400,610,1228,1254]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023316EF1B8DFDC09392" box="[400,610,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed the specimen with abactinal paxillar plates, described as tabulate, with glassine spinelets, which are absent from the definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233141F1BB1FC77927D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[864,981,1264,1290]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233141F1BB1FC77927D" box="[864,981,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., Rowe &amp; Marsh 1982;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023312671BAEFEE59259" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W." pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref25784" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and nearly all asterinids, which display spines sitting directly on abactinal and other low-lying surface plates.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233163B1A79FDB89226" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[324,538,1336,1362]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233163B1A79FDB89226" box="[324,538,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed into
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233159D1A79FC069225" authorityName="A.H.Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[738,932,1336,1362]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Pseudonepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233159D1A79FC069225" box="[738,932,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Pseudonepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023314AA1A76FA849225" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W." box="[981,1318,1335,1362]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref25784" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, but comparisons of the type species,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023316A41A1DFC0B9202" authority="A. H. Clark 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[475,937,1371,1398]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Pseudonepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gotoi">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023316A41A1DFD7D9202" box="[475,735,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Pseudonepanthia gotoi</emphasis>
A. H. Clark 1916
</taxonomicName>
show spines sitting directly on the abactinal plates (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023317971A3EFD8792ED" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W." box="[232,549,1407,1434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref25784" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters 2004</bibRefCitation>
), rather than on elongate tabulate or paxillar plates, as indicated on
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023312571AC1FF4C92CA" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023312571AC1FF4C92CA" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC9023317B81A86FBFF91AA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1155,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
If
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233179F1A89FE109296" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[224,434,1480,1506]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233179F1A89FE109296" box="[224,434,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is re-assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233150D1A89FCA39295" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[626,769,1480,1506]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233150D1A89FCA39295" box="[626,769,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this has an significant outcome on the interpretation of molecular phylogenetic results presented in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC90233151D1AAAFCE59171" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz, D. W." box="[610,839,1515,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. In their trees (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023314901AAAFB619171" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz, D. W." box="[1007,1219,1515,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz 2011</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFC9023313B11AAAFAB09171" box="[1230,1298,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,166,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lophaster cactorum n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11325.A.Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Abactinal surface closeup showing paxillae. Scale bar=0.5 cm. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Oral region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702849/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023312571AADFF4C915E" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023312571AADFF4C915E" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on a well supported branch (93%) with
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023315811951FC4F915D" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[766,1005,1552,1578]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023315811951FC4F915D" box="[766,1005,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Tarachaster australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and implies a sister group relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023317831975FED39139" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[252,369,1588,1614]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317831975FED39139" box="[252,369,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the “paxillate ganeriids” such as
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023314651975FC029139" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[794,928,1588,1614]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023314651975FC029139" box="[794,928,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Tarachaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This taxonomic change would support
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233121B1975FF559105" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233121B1975FF559105" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233164F1919FE149105" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[304,438,1624,1650]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233164F1919FE149105" box="[304,438,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Tarachaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a single, relatively well-supported branch, separate from
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023313191919FB469105" box="[1126,1252,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023313191919FB439105" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[1126,1249,1624,1650]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Chaetaster</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which was supported as sister branch to the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023316A3193AFD2B91E2" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[476,649,1659,1685]" class="Asteroidea" family="Odontasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Odontasteridae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023315EC193DFC8091E1" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[659,802,1660,1686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023315EC193DFC8091E1" box="[659,802,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC902331428193DFC7F91E1" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[855,989,1660,1686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC902331428193DFC7F91E1" box="[855,989,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Tarachaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a single branch would separate them from the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233178319DEFD4D91CD" authority="sensu Spencer and Wright (1966)" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[252,751,1695,1722]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Ganeriidae
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233160219E1FE1991CE" box="[381,443,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC9023316BD19E1FD4D91CD" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. W." box="[450,751,1695,1722]" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="107" refId="ref26016" refString="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U: Echinodermata In: Moore, R. C (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 3 (1), U 4 - U 107." type="journal article" year="1966">Spencer and Wright (1966)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and Fisher (1911), which included
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC90233130719E1FAC591CD" box="[1144,1383,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233130719E1FB4391CD" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" box="[1144,1249,1696,1722]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Cycethra</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC90233139319E1FAC591CD" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1260,1383,1696,1722]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Perknaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Perknaster</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023317E81985FE8291A9" authorityName="Thiery in Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,288,1732,1758]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cuenotaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC9023317E81985FE8291A9" box="[151,288,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="89">Cuenotaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, disputing the historical interpretation of the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC9023314641982FC3491AA" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[795,918,1731,1757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
as monophyletic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>