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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.17.3114" ID-PMC="PMC3519353" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-17-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="601CFFEEFFD1B81030184829FFAAFFA8" ID-PubMed="23233817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576140" ModsDocID="1314-2003-17-41" checkinTime="1451251972908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sosef, Marc S. M. &amp; Dauby, Gilles" docDate="2012" docId="847929D765DDD0609F251E65A40D47D7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 17: 41-62" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 17" docPubDate="2012-10-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.17.3114" docTitle="Garcinia gabonensis Sosef &amp; Dauby 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="601CFFEEFFD1B81030184829FFAAFFA8" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="601CFFEEFFD1B81030184829FFAAFFA8" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the taxonomy of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Africa, including two new species from Gabon and a key to the Lower Guinean species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668140254884" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Contribution to the taxonomy of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Africa, including two new species from Gabon and a key to the Lower Guinean species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sosef, Marc S. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center (section NHN), Wageningen University, Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands &amp; Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dauby, Gilles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160 / 12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-10-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>41</mods:start>
<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.17.3114</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.17.3114</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-17-41</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">601CFFEEFFD1B81030184829FFAAFFA8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576140</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:847929D765DDD0609F251E65A40D47D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/847929D765DDD0609F251E65A40D47D7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="847929D7-65DD-D060-9F25-1E65A40D47D7" authority="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Garcinia gabonensis" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gabonensis">Garcinia gabonensis Sosef &amp; Dauby</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Garcinia gabonensis: A Flowering twig B, C Leaves, showing the variation D Male flower E Idem, open and three petals removed F Androecium G Stamen H Pistillode I Female flower J Gynoecium and disk K Fruit. (A, D-H: Leeuwenberg &amp; Persoon 13683; B, K: Arends et al. 510; C, I, J: Wieringa et al. 4546). Drawing by Hans de Vries, NCB Naturalis (section NHN) ©." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10177" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
Similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heckel" authorityYear="1883" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="kola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Garcinia kola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but leaves with lateral veins towards the margin clearly connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein that runs at (1-)2-3 mm from the margin, free stamens and a well-developed, longitudinally ribbed pistillode.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
GABON:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
, c. 36 km Mouila to Yeno,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.75">1°45'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.333333">11°20'E</geoCoordinate>
, 19-9-1986, Breteler 7782 (holotype WAG!; isotype BR!, K!, LBV!, MO!, P!, PRE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
Dioecious shrub or small tree, up to 4 m high; latex transparent to greenish; branches circular in cross section, fissured, often reddish when dry; twigs flattened on cross section, smooth.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite; petiole (4-)5-10(-12) mm, smooth, slightly canaliculated above, with indistinct foveola of about 1 mm long; blade generally oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic or rarely ovate, (7-)8-15(-16)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2-)2.5-5(-6) cm, pointed at base, caudate-acuminate at apex, coriaceous to papery, glabrous; midrib prominent below, canaliculate above, lateral veins 7-13 pairs, visible on both surfaces
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">,</emphasis>
towards the margin clearly connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein that runs at (1-)2-3 mm from the margin, tertiary veins laxly reticulate, indistinct; resin ducts normally indistinct except in young leaves, subparallel to the midrib.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Inflorescence</emphasis>
axillary, of few-flowered fascicles; bracts many, small (&lt;1 mm long).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Flower</emphasis>
4-merous, unisexual; pedicel slender, 2(-3) mm; sepals obovate, two external ones about 2 mm long, two internal ones about 4 mm long, greenish to yellowish; petals obovate, about 4 mm long, yellowish or greenish to white.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Male flower</emphasis>
: stamens 8-14, free, inserted in a ring around the pistillode, filament broadened and flat, white, anthers ellipsoid, strongly curved; pistillode broadly triangular-obovoid, longitudinally ribbed, stylode simple and slender, 1-2 mm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Female flower</emphasis>
:disc annular, flattened and pressed against the ovary; ovary globose, about 3 mm in diameter; stigma peltate, lobed, 2 mm wide.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fruit</emphasis>
ovoid to subglobose, 5-11 mm in diameter, greenish, smooth, with persistent sepals at base.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10177" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Garcinia gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
Flowering twig
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B, C</emphasis>
Leaves, showing the variation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
Male flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
Idem, open and three petals removed
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
Androecium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
Stamen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
Pistillode
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">I</emphasis>
Female flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">J</emphasis>
Gynoecium and disk
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">K</emphasis>
Fruit. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">A, D-H</emphasis>
: Leeuwenberg &amp; Persoon 13683;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B, K</emphasis>
: Arends et al. 510;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">C, I, J</emphasis>
: Wieringa et al. 4546). Drawing by Hans de Vries, NCB Naturalis (section NHN) ©.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
Endemic to southern and central Gabon, in the provinces of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moyen-Ogooué">Moyen-Ogooue</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Maritime">Ogooue-Maritime</normalizedToken>
(see
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of the two new species endemic to Gabon: (a) Garcinia obliqua, (b) Garcinia gabonensis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10178" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figure 3b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10178" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of the two new species endemic to Gabon: (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">a</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Garcinia obliqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">b</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Garcinia gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="habitat and ecology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
Primary or late secondary
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">terra firme</emphasis>
rain forest, along rivers or on ridges; at ca. 150-850 m altitude. Flowering in September to November, fruiting in September, November, December and February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
Currently,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Garcinia gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from eleven collections and nine locations. Estimates of the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy are respectively ca. 16 000 km2 and 109 km2. Since nine of the eleven collections are within logging concessions or along main roads, we consider that continuing decline
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="48" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, quality of habitat and number of sub-populations has occurred or will occur in the near future. We therefore assign a preliminary status of Vulnerable (VU B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
For now, it remains unclear as to which section this species belongs. Most striking feature are the free stamens. According to the elaborate work of
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of miscellaneous information / Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" refId="B29" refString="Jones, S, 1980. Morphology and major taxonomy of Garcinia (Guttiferae). London: University of Leicester and British Museum, 1-474." title="Morphology and major taxonomy of Garcinia (Guttiferae). London: University of Leicester and British Museum, 1 - 474." year="1980">Jones (1980)</bibRefCitation>
, this is characteristic for only two sections: sect.
<taxonomicName genus="Teracentrum" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Teracentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pierre and sect.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Rheedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hypericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Rheedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Jones. Species belonging to the first, however, have their stamens inserted across a central mass and lack a pistillode. Those belonging to the second are known to occur, until now, only in Central and South America and on Madagascar
<normalizedToken originalValue="….">....</normalizedToken>
Morphologically though,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sosef &amp; Dauby" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Garcinia gabonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems very similar to other species in sect.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Rheedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hypericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Rheedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this might be the first continental African representative of that section. A molecular study to further investigate this will be performed soon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="additional specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
(all from Gabon). SE of Sindara, km 12 from Camp Chantier Waka to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
River,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.2333333">1°14'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.85">10°51'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 26/9/1985 (fl.), Leeuwenberg &amp; Persoon 13683(BR, K, WAG). Moukabo, about 37 km E of Mouila, on the road to Yeno,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6666667">1°40'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.333333">11°20'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 27/11/1984 (fl.), Arends et al. 484 (WAG). about 40 km E of Mouila, on the road to Yeno,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6666667">1°40'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.333333">11°20'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 28/11/1984 (fr.), Arends et al. 510(BR, LBV, WAG). Massif du Chaillu, old secondary forest partly primary, near Mouyanama, about 27 km. E. of Mimongo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.65">1°39'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.766666">11°46'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 25/11/1983 (fl.), Louis et al. 854 (K, WAG)
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="49" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
Fougamou, 7 km on forestry road following Bendolo river, 1°12.1'S, 10°32.2'E (DDM), 26/10/1994 (fl.), Wieringa et al. 2916 (LBV, WAG). 10 km on the road Ikobey to Bakongue, Eghaba Mountain, 1°2.0'S, 10°2.6'E (DDM), 28/11/2001 (fl., fr.), Wieringa et al. 4473 (WAG). 5-15 km NNW of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ndjolé">Ndjole</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">0°5'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.75">10°45'N</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 13/11/1991 (fl.), Breteler 10445 (LBV, WAG). 13 km on the road
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eteké">Eteke</normalizedToken>
to Ovala,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nyongué">Nyongue</normalizedToken>
, 1°26.1'S, 11°26.1'E (DDM), 8/11/1994 (fl.), Wieringa et al. 3096(WAG). 60 km on the road Mouila to Yeno, 1°41.85'S, 11°23.96'E (DDM), 3/12/2001 (fr.), Wieringa et al. 4546 (LBV, WAG). Doudou mountains, about 60 km along exploitation track in WNW direction from Doussala,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.2">2°12'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.183333">10°11'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 27/11/1986 (fl.), Wilde J.J. de et al. 8984 (K, LBV, WAG). Massif du Chaillu, near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guédévé">Guedeve</normalizedToken>
village about 40 km N of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lébamba">Lebamba</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.9166667">1°55'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.416667">11°25'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 30/11/1983 (fr.), Louis et al. 1056 (K, WAG). Est du Parc National de Waka,
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
environ 5 km au Sud de la
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
Mayi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.3833333">1°23'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.05">11°3'E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 21/2/ 2008 (fr.), Dauby et al. 735 (LBV, MO, BRLU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>