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<document id="A76273566EB6AAE0F48ADB18C0F1D417" ID-DOI="10.17161/jom.v0i11.4520" ID-ISSN="2325-4467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13737296" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8D5EC99-DB33-4628-B175-94D57B7FF550" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722893248453" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gonzalez, Victor H., Engel, Michael S. &amp; Griswold, Terry L." docDate="2013" docId="697F87FDFF93FFE3FE0CFE3550B379D9" docLanguage="en" docName="JMelittology.2013.11.1-19.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Melittology 2013 (11)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i11.4520" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416.4:JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416" docStyleName="JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lithurgini Newman" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="9546FF85FF9EFFEDFFEEFFD754237863" masterDocTitle="The lithurgine bees of Australia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), with a note on Megachile rotundipennis" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1725894611697" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="98627803B8853FE443C7CD029A0E9B7A">The lithurgine bees of Australia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), with a note on Megachile rotundipennis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE9C667FD5CC799544D07E3A6BC9E2BB">Gonzalez, Victor H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A27BED2CE14A89A63DEEE811CFCD620D">Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, USA (victorgonzab @ gmail. com). &amp; Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, 1501 Crestline Drive - Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA (msengel @ ku. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB20560B3C3AC4AAA11DB58A1CE342C">Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C79866EA1E3F1F6F7686F3293BCA5B30">Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, 1501 Crestline Drive - Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA (msengel @ ku. edu). &amp; Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA48EC154F1CFEDC480F85E12043CAEA">Griswold, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2E99A7BE39E57B71282D94FAC38EE90E">USDA-ARS, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322 - 5310, USA (terry. griswold @ ars. usda. gov).</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="A9CC6560FF93FFE0FE0CFE3557617A7B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FE0CFE35576C799A" blockId="13.[482,847,481,506]" box="[482,847,481,506]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="BA218187FF93FFE0FE0CFE35576C799A" box="[482,847,481,506]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
Key to the genera of
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FD38FE36576C799A" ID-CoL="KY9" ID-ENA="253704" authority="Newman" authorityName="Newman" box="[726,847,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lithurgini">Lithurgini</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FE01FDD457617A7B" blockId="13.[495,834,515,537]" box="[495,834,515,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="85474B1AFF93FFE0FD77FDD457187A7B" author="Michener, C. D." box="[665,827,515,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref7663" refString="Michener, C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World [2 nd Edition]. Johns Hopkins University Press; Baltimore, MD; xvi + [i] + 953 pp., + 20 pls." type="book" year="2007">Michener, 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="5A222E4EFF93FFE0FF4FFD9650B37B3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFD9650B37ABA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFD9650B37ABA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
1. Labrum longer than clypeus, often much longer; metatibia of female rather uniformly setose on outer, anterior, and posterior surfaces, spicules relatively inconspicuous among setae; lower mandibular tooth longer than middle tooth, or, in some females, lower and middle teeth equal (South America) ......... .....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC70FD1650B37ABA" ID-CoL="63VQY" authority="Moure" authorityName="Moure" box="[926,1168,705,729]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trichothurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC70FD1650197ABA" box="[926,1082,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Trichothurgus</emphasis>
Moure
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFD3550B37B3A" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFD3550B37B3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">—. Labrum about as long as clypeus; metatibia of female with setae of broad, longitudinal outer zone shorter and sparser than those of anterior and posterior surfaces, spicules large and conspicuous in outer zone; lower mandibular tooth conspicuously shorter than middle tooth, which is longest mandibular tooth .... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="5A222E4EFF93FFE0FF4FFCB650B37C3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFCB650B27BBA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFCB650B27BBA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
2(1). Body small, slender, hoplitiform; pretarsal claws of female cleft; pterostigma of moderate size, broadest at base of vein r-rs, sides converging toward base; maxillary palpi dimerous (two-segmented) (South America) ................................ ...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC7EFC1650B27BBA" ID-CoL="5SJZ" authority="Michener" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1983" box="[912,1169,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Microthurge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC7EFC16503A7BBA" box="[912,1049,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microthurge</emphasis>
Michener
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFC3550B37C3A" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFC3550B37C3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
—. Body broad, megachiliform; pretarsal claws of female simple; pterostigma small, sides basal to vein r-rs parallel or nearly so [in some small species of
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FBCAFBD650B37C7A" ID-CoL="5FPZ" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1827" box="[1060,1168,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FBCAFBD650B37C7A" box="[1060,1168,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lithurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pterostigma is larger, approaching the size of that of
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC4AFBF6500E7C5A" ID-CoL="5SJZ" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1983" box="[932,1069,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Microthurge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC4AFBF6500E7C5A" box="[932,1069,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microthurge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; maxillary palpi trimerous or tetramerous (three- or four-segmented) ....................... 3
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<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFBB650B37C1A" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" box="[161,1168,1121,1145]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFBB650B37C1A" box="[161,1168,1121,1145]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3(2) Males ............................................................................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFB5550B37CFA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" box="[161,1168,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFB5550B37CFA" box="[161,1168,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">—. Females ........................................................................................................................ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="5A222E4EFF93FFE0FF4FFB7650B37CBA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFB7650B37CDA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" box="[161,1168,1185,1209]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFB7650B37CDA" box="[161,1168,1185,1209]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
4(3) Arolia absent or rudimentary .....................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC56FB7650B37CDA" ID-CoL="5FPZ" authority="Berthold" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1827" box="[952,1168,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC56FB7650077CDA" box="[952,1060,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lithurgus</emphasis>
Berthold
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFB1550B37CBA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" box="[161,1168,1217,1241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFB1550B37CBA" box="[161,1168,1217,1241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">—. Arolia present ............................................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="5A222E4EFF93FFE0FF4FFB3650B27E79" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFB3650B37D1A" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFB3650B37D1A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
5(4) Metabasitarsus without distinct projections, carina or protuberance on inner surface, at most with small, smooth, shiny, asetose area distally; outer metatibial spur stout, strongly bent apically; first flagellomere short, not or little longer than broad, at most slightly longer than second, which is at most slightly longer than broad (Western Hemisphere) ...................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC3AFAB650B37D1A" ID-CoL="8SF2P" authority="Fox" authorityName="Fox" box="[980,1168,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC3AFAB6507F7D1A" box="[980,1116,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lithurgopsis</emphasis>
Fox
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FFA5550B27E79" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FFA5550B27E79" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
—. Metabasitarsus with distinct carina on asetose inner surface (
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF93FFE0FBEBFA5650787DFA" box="[1029,1115,1409,1433]" captionStart="Figures 15" captionStartId="3.[161,242,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[160,1156,244,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-119@3.[160,1168,224,1511]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 15. Photomicrographs of lectotype female (14) and male (5) of Austrothurgus rubricatus (Smith). 1. Lateral habitus. 2. Dorsal habitus. 3. Lateral view of head. 4. Facial view. 5. Male metatarsus, depicting modification of metabasitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737298/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF93FFE0FB81FA5650AF7DFA" box="[1135,1164,1409,1433]" captionStart="Figures 610" captionStartId="5.[160,241,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[172,1158,244,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-114@5.[160,1168,224,1398]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 610. Photomicrographs of lectotype female (69) and male (10) of Austrothurgus cognatus (Smith). 6. Lateral habitus. 7. Facial view. 8. Lateral view of head. 7. Detail of vertex. 10. Male metatarsus (apex missing), depicting modification of metabasitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737302/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF93FFE0FF1BFA7655317DDA" box="[245,274,1441,1465]" captionStart="Figures 1316" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[168,1158,237,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-138@7.[160,1168,224,1292]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 1316. Photomicrographs of holotype male of Austrothurgus malgaru, new species. 13. Facial view. 14. Detail of sculpturing on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. 15. Metatarsus, depicting modification of metabasitarsus. 16. Apex of metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15</figureCitation>
); outer metatibial spur slender, straight or scarcely bent apically; first flagellomere long, more than 1.5 times longer than broad, nearly twice as long as second, which is much broader than long; Australian mainland ...................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FD76F9D650097E7A" ID-CoL="8SGKP" authority="Gonzalez &amp; Engel" authorityName="Gonzalez &amp; Engel. We" authorityYear="2013" box="[664,1066,1537,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Austrothurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FD76F9D6571B7E7A" box="[664,824,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Austrothurgus</emphasis>
Gonzalez &amp; Engel
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8915782FF93FFE0FBD5F9D550B27E79" box="[1083,1169,1538,1562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="5A222E4EFF93FFE3FF4FF9F650B3795A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE0FF4FF9F650B37EDA" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="5A2795DEFF93FFE0FF4FF9F650B37EDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
6(3) Outer metatibial spur stout, strongly bent apically; first flagellomere short, not or little longer than broad, at most slightly longer than second, which is at most slightly longer than broad; facial prominence of female entirely supraclypeal (absent in one species); Western Hemisphere .........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF93FFE0FC2BF97650B37EDA" ID-CoL="8SF2P" authority="Fox" authorityName="Fox" box="[965,1168,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF93FFE0FC2BF976506E7EDA" box="[965,1101,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lithurgopsis</emphasis>
Fox
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E16936EBFF93FFE3FF4FF91550B3795A" blockId="13.[161,1169,577,1785]" lastBlockId="14.[160,1168,225,442]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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—. Outer metatibial spur slender, straight or scarcely bent apically; first flagellomere long, more than 1.5 times longer than broad, nearly twice as long as second, which is much broader than long (except in one undetermined species from
<collectingCountry id="99C1767BFF90FFE3FE97FED65599797A" box="[377,442,257,281]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">India</collectingCountry>
); facial prominence of female involving base of clypeus and sometimes part of supraclypeal area ..................................................... 7
</keyLead>
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7(6). Facial prominence involving base of clypeus and part of supraclypeal area (
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF90FFE3FF12FEB65579791A" box="[252,346,353,377]" captionStart="Figures 1719" captionStartId="9.[161,242,1152,1174]" captionTargetBox="[173,1168,244,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-161@9.[160,1168,224,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 1719. Photomicrographs of holotype female of Lithurgus andrewsi Cockerell. 17. Lateral habitus. 18. Facial view. 19. Detail of vertex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737310/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF90FFE3FE88FEB655A7791A" box="[358,388,353,377]" captionStart="Figures 2324" captionStartId="11.[160,241,1108,1130]" captionTargetBox="[200,1149,236,1098]" captionTargetId="figure-211@11.[160,1168,224,1101]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 2324. Photomicrographs of lectotype female of Lithurgus atratus Smith. 23. Lateral habitus. 24. Facial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737316/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24</figureCitation>
); widespread including
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......................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF90FFE3FC5BFEB650B3791A" ID-CoL="5FPZ" authority="Berthold" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1827" box="[949,1168,353,377]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF90FFE3FC5BFEB65002791A" box="[949,1057,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lithurgus</emphasis>
Berthold
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—. Facial prominence mostly involving base of clypeus (
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF90FFE3FC67FE5657FF79FA" box="[905,988,385,409]" captionStart="Figures 15" captionStartId="3.[161,242,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[160,1156,244,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-119@3.[160,1168,224,1511]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 15. Photomicrographs of lectotype female (14) and male (5) of Austrothurgus rubricatus (Smith). 1. Lateral habitus. 2. Dorsal habitus. 3. Lateral view of head. 4. Facial view. 5. Male metatarsus, depicting modification of metabasitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737298/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79ED2A6EFF90FFE3FC03FE5557DF79F9" box="[1005,1020,386,410]" captionStart="Figures 610" captionStartId="5.[160,241,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[172,1158,244,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-114@5.[160,1168,224,1398]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 610. Photomicrographs of lectotype female (69) and male (10) of Austrothurgus cognatus (Smith). 6. Lateral habitus. 7. Facial view. 8. Lateral view of head. 7. Detail of vertex. 10. Male metatarsus (apex missing), depicting modification of metabasitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13737302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13737302/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</figureCitation>
); Australian mainland ...................................................
<taxonomicName id="26D64D68FF90FFE3FD2DFE76501879DA" ID-CoL="8SGKP" authority="Gonzalez &amp; Engel" authorityName="Gonzalez &amp; Engel. We" authorityYear="2013" box="[707,1083,417,441]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Austrothurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3A2EAF9FF90FFE3FD2DFE76574079DA" box="[707,867,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Austrothurgus</emphasis>
Gonzalez &amp; Engel
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8915782FF90FFE3FBADFE7550B379D9" box="[1091,1168,418,442]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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