181 lines
19 KiB
XML
181 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="D657069969B2EABE80B578F2F3E138C7" ID-DOI="10.1111/jfb.15610" ID-ISSN="1095-8649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10981519" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713288166981" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="McAllister, Mia, Fraser, Shaun & Henry, Lea-Anne" docDate="2024" docId="03F287E6FFD3FFE62835FAE05F8E9413" docLanguage="en" docName="JFishBiol.104.3.576-589.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Fish Biology 104 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15610" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E312FF628AF650F200AD49ACE691BDEB.2:JFishBiol.2018-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="E312FF628AF650F200AD49ACE691BDEB" docStyleName="JFishBiol.2018-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Raja clavata , Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="578" masterDocId="FFCBFF9EFFD2FFE42B07FFE25F609701" masterDocTitle="Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland" masterLastPageNumber="589" masterPageNumber="576" pageNumber="577" updateTime="1713288486672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0E455D35C6E73652CF5C241BF5D59BD0">Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53B2F57DA24227618D08279E80509AF1">McAllister, Mia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CEE05AA41DF82ADEF514EEC02722DF98">Marine Science Department, UHI Shetland, University of the Highlands and Islands, Scalloway Campus, Shetland, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8ED1C14A54CC6D9C54796137AC168BD7">Fraser, Shaun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="335EFD6C1241147C5B3B404118855AB3">Marine Science Department, UHI Shetland, University of the Highlands and Islands, Scalloway Campus, Shetland, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B6EC64EE69D8BF1018F278E9CE62734E">Henry, Lea-Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95117EAF743613A8E3339F3643D5125A">School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="5C3794579C5B79CD138E02EEDE852E6B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C75D1F3ECCD71D9BE4C85C02A2237239">2023-11-20</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD3FFE52835FAE05AEC921A" blockId="1.[818,1420,1282,1307]" box="[818,1420,1282,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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<heading id="D0AC819CFFD3FFE52835FAE05AEC921A" box="[818,1420,1282,1307]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE52835FAE05C37921A" bold="true" box="[818,855,1282,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">1.4</emphasis>
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|
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE5289AFAE05AEC921A" bold="true" box="[925,1420,1282,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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Stock status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD3FFE52F53FAE15BA4921A" ID-CoL="793MV" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1108,1220,1283,1307]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE52F53FAE15BA4921A" bold="true" box="[1108,1220,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the North Sea
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C341657BFFD3FFE52835FAA95CC691FE" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD3FFE52835FAA95CBE9174" blockId="1.[818,1466,1355,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD3FFE52835FAA95CED925E" ID-CoL="793MV" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[818,909,1355,1375]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE52835FAA95CED925E" box="[818,909,1355,1375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is classified as near-threatened on the
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52E15FAA95A26925E" box="[1298,1350,1355,1375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">IUCN</collectionCode>
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Red List of Threatened Species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD3FFE528FFFA8C5B3A9283" author="Ellis, J." box="[1016,1114,1390,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" refId="ref9171" refString="Ellis, J. (2016). Raja clavata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016." type="journal volume" year="2016">Ellis, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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) and is also of conservation concern to the Regional Seas Convention
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52F8EFA735BB092A4" box="[1161,1232,1425,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">OSPAR</collectionCode>
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, listed as a threatened and/or declining species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD3FFE52F27FA515BC192C6" author="OSPAR" box="[1056,1185,1459,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" refId="ref10620" refString="OSPAR. (2010). Background Document for Thornback ray (Raja clavata) - Biodiversity Series. OSPAR Convention. ISBN 978 - 1 - 907390 - 16 - 6. Publication Number 475 / 2010." type="book" year="2010">OSPAR, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Updated status assessments of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD3FFE52857FA345CCD92EB" ID-CoL="793MV" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[848,941,1494,1514]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE52857FA345CCD92EB" box="[848,941,1494,1514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showed improving indicators in parts of the Greater North Sea Region (includes
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<collectingCountry id="F34C7660FFD3FFE52F85FA1B5BB5910C" box="[1154,1237,1529,1549]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">Shetland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52FF6FA1B5A56910C" box="[1265,1334,1529,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">OSPAR</collectionCode>
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Region
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52EAEFA1B5AD6910C" box="[1449,1462,1529,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">II</collectionCode>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD3FFE52835F9F95CD2912E" author="OSPAR" box="[818,946,1563,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" refId="ref10659" refString="OSPAR. (2021). Status assessment 2021 - thornback ray. [online] OSPAR assessment portal. Available at: <https: // oap. ospar. org / en / osparassessments / committee-assessments / biodiversity-committee / statusassesments / thornback-ray /> Accessed 12 Oct 2022" type="url" year="2021">OSPAR, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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), but experts maintained that much uncertainty in stock estimates remains, thus population trends in each
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52E08F9DC5A349153" box="[1295,1364,1598,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">OSPAR</collectionCode>
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region are fairly inconclusive.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD3FFE5285DF9615CC691FE" blockId="1.[818,1466,1355,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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||
The International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52E8FF9615AD69196" box="[1416,1462,1667,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">ICES</collectionCode>
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||
) provides fisheries advice for skates and rays, informing annual changes to the total allowable catches (TACs) that aim to regulate exploitation.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C341657BFFD3FFE6285DF8EC5F8E9413" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD3FFE5285DF8EC5AC39066" blockId="1.[818,1466,1355,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE5285DF8EC5CE69023" box="[858,902,1806,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">ICES</collectionCode>
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||
recently indicated stable/increasing
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD3FFE52FDCF8EC5A539023" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1243,1331,1806,1826]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD3FFE52FDCF8EC5A539023" box="[1243,1331,1806,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stocks for the Greater North Sea Subarea 4 (includes
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<collectingCountry id="F34C7660FFD3FFE52FA3F8D35B989044" box="[1188,1272,1841,1861]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">Shetland</collectingCountry>
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), which underpinned advice to increase landings by 9% for 2022 and 2023 (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD3FFE52E21F8B15AF89066" author="ICES" box="[1318,1432,1875,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577" pagination="2021" refId="ref9924" refString="ICES. (2021 a). Thornback ray (Raja clavata) in subarea 4 and in divisions 3. A and 7. d (North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and eastern English Channel). In Report of the ICES advisory committee, 2021. ICES Advice 2021." type="book chapter" year="2021">ICES, 2021a</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD3FFE6285DF8945D1E97C4" blockId="1.[818,1466,1355,1965]" lastBlockId="2.[122,770,142,786]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">
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However, both
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE528EAF8945B52908B" box="[1005,1074,1910,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">OSPAR</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD3FFE52F65F8945BEE908B" box="[1122,1166,1910,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="577">ICES</collectionCode>
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identified important knowledge gaps, including locations of nurseries and other habitats where juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD0FFE62BCCFF6C5E4597A3" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[203,293,142,162]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62BCCFF6C5E4597A3" box="[203,293,142,162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
are regularly found, and population demographic data more generally (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD0FFE62A3DFF535EC297C4" author="ICES" box="[314,418,177,197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" pagination="152" refId="ref9871" refString="ICES. (2020). Workshop to review and update OSPAR status assessments for stocks of listed shark, skates and rays in support of OSPAR (WKSTATUS). ICES Scientific Reports, 2, 152. https: // doi. org / 10.17895 / ices. pub. 7468" type="journal article" year="2020">ICES, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD0FFE62AABFF535E8997C4" author="ICES" box="[428,489,177,197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" pagination="822" refId="ref9978" refString="ICES. (2021 b). Working group on elasmobranch fishes (WGEF). ICES Scientific Reports., 3, 822. https: // doi. org / 10.17895 / ices. pub. 8199" type="journal article" year="2021">2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD0FFE62AF3FF535D1397C4" author="OSPAR" box="[500,627,177,197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" refId="ref10659" refString="OSPAR. (2021). Status assessment 2021 - thornback ray. [online] OSPAR assessment portal. Available at: <https: // oap. ospar. org / en / osparassessments / committee-assessments / biodiversity-committee / statusassesments / thornback-ray /> Accessed 12 Oct 2022" type="url" year="2021">OSPAR, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436F0FFD0FFE62BA5FF315F8E9413" blockId="2.[122,770,142,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">
|
||
Existing population knowledge for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD0FFE62AFFFF315D3597E6" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[504,597,211,231]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62AFFFF315D3597E6" box="[504,597,211,231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">R. clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on data from surveys such as ICES' standardized International Bottom Trawl Survey (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD0FFE62BCCFEFB5F9B962C" box="[203,251,281,301]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fgii-sa9d" name="Institutul de Biologie, Tr. Savulescu" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">IBTS</collectionCode>
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||
). However, the large size of the vessels and areas involved in the
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD0FFE62A1DFED95E26964E" box="[282,326,315,335]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fgii-sa9d" name="Institutul de Biologie, Tr. Savulescu" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">IBTS</collectionCode>
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||
mean that the coverage in inshore areas is restricted and data for
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD0FFE62A66FEBC5EDE9673" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[353,446,350,370]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62A66FEBC5EDE9673" box="[353,446,350,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">R. clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are limited. For example, results from the 2022 North Sea
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD0FFE62A7AFE635EC99694" box="[381,425,385,405]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fgii-sa9d" name="Institutul de Biologie, Tr. Savulescu" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">IBTS</collectionCode>
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||
Quarter 3 showed zero catches of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD0FFE62B7DFE415FB496B6" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[122,212,419,439]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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||
<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62B7DFE415FB496B6" box="[122,212,419,439]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">R. clavata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the entirety of Area 1, which covers a large part of the northern North Sea, including
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<collectingCountry id="F34C7660FFD0FFE62A9EFE245E8B96DB" box="[409,491,454,474]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">Shetland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
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|
||
; https://www.ices. dk/data/data-portals/Pages/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE35FFD0FFE62A83FE0B5EBC96FC" box="[388,476,489,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">DATRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
.aspx). This highlights the difficulty in analysing data from large-scale surveys in cases where the species' habitat preference is not fully covered by the surveys targeting depths, especially when these data are used to inform management decisions. This applies to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D73FFD0FFE62AA3FD915E9F9586" authorityName=", Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[420,511,627,647]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62AA3FD915E9F9586" box="[420,511,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">R. clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where they are thought to be most abundant in coastal areas at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B15FFD0FFE62AE6FD745D5695AB" box="[481,566,662,682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
10
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAE2FFD0FFE62AFDFD755D6695AB" box="[506,518,663,682]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="578">–</emphasis>
|
||
60 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, commonly up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B15FFD0FFE62B93FD5B5FB095CC" box="[148,208,697,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B01FFD0FFE62BDBFD5B5E0095CC" author="OSPAR" box="[220,352,697,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="578" refId="ref10620" refString="OSPAR. (2010). Background Document for Thornback ray (Raja clavata) - Biodiversity Series. OSPAR Convention. ISBN 978 - 1 - 907390 - 16 - 6. Publication Number 475 / 2010." type="book" year="2010">OSPAR, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this instance, smaller-scale surveys that provide more intensive coverage, including in shallow waters, are preferential.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |