treatments-xml/data/03/CD/F2/03CDF20CFF83FFA37C86FB9A5CE9F828.xml

<document id="F5B430503453277A85154F22D61A2528" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0decfbda-e8a6-49f2-b975-fad74b250010" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249321" ID-ZooBank="0476AFF3-92EC-4649-8FFE-758275EC14E1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460691168538" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mahony, Stephen, Teeling, Emma C. &amp; Biju, S. D." docDate="2013" docId="03CDF20CFF83FFA37C86FB9A5CE9F828" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p169.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megophrys oropedion Mahony, Teeling &amp; Biju, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FFF48A74FF8BFFAD7C11FFC35F7DFFC4" masterDocTitle="Three new species of horned frogs, Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from northeast India, with a resolution to the identity of Megophrys boettgeri populations reported from the region" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1698351809794" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="317D7D588C3B1F766281E2AFA39F35DD">Three new species of horned frogs, Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from northeast India, with a resolution to the identity of Megophrys boettgeri populations reported from the region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D83A4A54E4B5BD7BA59302C858B5B1CB">Mahony, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE61BCF3FAE6F10A7DBCDE806FD1062B">Teeling, Emma C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E26BDA1A1CCBCB6BD1CB19F004F0CC86">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CDF20CFF83FFA37C86FB9A5CE9F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CDF20CFF83FFA37C86FB9A5CE9F828" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDF20CFF83FFA37C86FB9A5CE9F828" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF83FFA57C86FB9A5CF7FAD5" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57C86FB9A5D79FBB7" blockId="8.[151,516,1113,1173]" box="[151,516,1113,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<heading id="D093F476FF83FFA57C86FB9A5D79FBB7" bold="true" box="[151,516,1113,1139]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57C86FB9A5D79FBB7" bold="true" box="[151,516,1113,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57C86FB9A5EE2FBB7" ID-CoL="3Z2C5" box="[151,415,1113,1139]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57C86FB9A5EE2FBB7" bold="true" box="[151,415,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF83FFA57DB6FB9A5D79FBB7" box="[423,516,1113,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57C86FBBF5ED1FB50" blockId="8.[151,516,1113,1173]" box="[151,428,1148,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF83FFA57C8FFBBF5E77FB50" box="[158,266,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,908,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,908,1874]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of northeastern India (shaded grey) and adjoining countries (white) showing the collection localities of the three new species. Blue spots— Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., orange spots— Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., green spot— Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249325/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF83FFA57D06FBBF5E38FB51" box="[279,325,1148,1173]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6. A – C" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,196,1136]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1145]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. A – C. Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. in life. A – B. paratype (ZSI A 11603, adult female), A. dorsolateral view, B. ventral view, C. holotype (ZSI A 11601, adult male), dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. advertisement call of a single uncollected male from the type locality, ambient air temperature during recording 18 ° C. A. sonogram and wave form showing a single note. B. sonogram and waveform showing a seven note portion of a call." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/249328/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/249329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">5–7</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6E676A1FF83FFA57D41FBBF5EDCFB50" box="[336,417,1148,1173]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[119,207,491,514]" captionTargetBox="[119,1926,573,1665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for the type series and adult referred specimens of Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., and Megophrys vegrandis sp.. Measurements in mm. HT. holotype, PT. paratype, RS. referred specimen, (ind). indistinct, * measurements taken on left side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57C86FB7E5CF7FAD5" blockId="8.[151,1435,1213,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57CB3FB7E5E02FB17" authority="Pillai" authorityName="Pillai" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1979" box="[162,383,1213,1235]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CB3FB7E5E02FB17" box="[162,383,1213,1235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”: Pillai and Chanda (1979: 386); Dutta (1997: 37—part; “Shillong Peak”) “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57CB3FB1F5E27FB36" authority="Chanda" authorityName="Chanda" box="[162,346,1244,1266]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CB3FB1F5E27FB36" box="[162,346,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”: Chanda (1994: 19, 21—part; “Shillong, Khasi Hills”); Chanda (1995: 459—part; “Shillong”); Dutta (1997: 38—part; “Shillong”); Chanda (2002: 11—part; “Meghalaya”)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF83FFA57C86FADA5C63FAEB" box="[151,798,1305,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57C86FADA5C63FAEB" blockId="8.[151,1435,1213,1327]" box="[151,798,1305,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57CB3FADA5E0DFAEB" authority="Mahony" authorityName="Mahony" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="2008" box="[162,368,1305,1327]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CB3FADA5E73FAEB" box="[162,270,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Xenophrys</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57D24FAD95E0DFAEB" box="[309,368,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”: Mahony (2008: 9); Das 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57E6DFAD95DD2FAEB" box="[636,687,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">et al.</emphasis>
(2010: 54)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57C86FA965E76FAAA" bold="true" box="[151,267,1365,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF83FFA57C86FA965E7BFAAA" box="[151,262,1365,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male (ZSI A 11601), from Um Risa stream (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA57F7EFA965B7FFAAA" box="[879,1026,1365,1390]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="25.560734">25°33.644’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA5781CFA965BE2FAAA" box="[1037,1183,1365,1390]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="91.88267">91°52.960’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA578BCFA965A70FAA9" box="[1197,1293,1365,1390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1520.0">1,520 m</quantity>
asl.), Malki Forest (on Shillong Peak), Shillong, East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF83FFA578D0FABA5B80FA56" box="[1217,1277,1401,1426]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF83FFA57DDAFA5D5D19FA72" box="[459,612,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2009-05-18">18 May 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6FA025A77F9E6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CD6FA025E3BFA1E" bold="true" box="[199,326,1473,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF83FFA57CD6FA025E3CFA1E" box="[199,321,1473,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Three adult males (ZSI 
<accessionNumber id="9437DEF9FF83FFA57E47FA015DC4FA1E" box="[598,697,1473,1498]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11602" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="EnaNcbi">A 11602</accessionNumber>
, BNHS 5595, BNHS 5596), collected with 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF83FFA578B1FA025A78FA1E" box="[1184,1285,1473,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; adult female (ZSI A 11603), from Um Risa stream (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA57E57FA265DA4FA3A" box="[582,729,1509,1534]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="25.55545">25°33.327’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA57EF1FA265C0CFA3A" box="[736,881,1509,1534]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="91.88499">91°53.099’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57F6DFA265CAAFA39" box="[892,983,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</quantity>
asl.), Malki Forest, Shillong, East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF83FFA57E73F9CA5DE3F9E6" box="[610,670,1545,1570]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF83FFA5787CF9C95A7BF9E6" box="[1133,1286,1546,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2009-05-22">22 May 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6F9EE5A24F94A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CD6F9EE5EC7F982" bold="true" box="[199,442,1581,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
Three adult males (SDB.DU 2009.300–301, SDB.DU 2009.1164) and one adult female (SDB.DU 2009.299), from Mawphlang Sacred Forest (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA57EECF9925CEDF9AE" box="[765,912,1617,1642]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="25.443617">25°26.617’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF83FFA57F8CF9925B52F9AE" box="[925,1071,1617,1642]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" precision="1" value="91.74612">91°44.767’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57828F9915BE8F9AD" box="[1081,1173,1618,1642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1810.0">1,810 m</quantity>
asl.), Mawphlang, East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF83FFA57EBAF9B65D9AF94A" box="[683,743,1653,1678]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF83FFA578ADF9B55A2BF94A" box="[1212,1366,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2009-05-30">30 May 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF83FFA47CD6F95A5CDBFA91" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6F95A5C2CF832" blockId="8.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CD6F95A5E3CF976" bold="true" box="[199,321,1689,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57D5FF95A5D37F975" box="[334,586,1689,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57D5FF95A5D37F975" box="[334,586,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF83FFA57E46F95A5DCAF976" box="[599,695,1689,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57E46F95A5DCAF976" bold="true" box="[599,695,1689,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is diagnosable from geographically relevant congeners by the following combination of characters: small-sized, robust species, adult-male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57842F97D5B87F911" box="[1107,1274,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–39.2 mm</quantity>
(N=7), adultfemale SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57D3BF9215EB2F93D" box="[298,463,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.64" metricValueMax="4.87" metricValueMin="4.41" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="46.4" valueMax="48.7" valueMin="44.1">44.1–48.7 mm</quantity>
(N=2); HW≥HL, HW/SVL 33.9–38.5% (N=9); tympanum clearly defined, 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF83FFA57924F9215A13F93E" box="[1333,1390,1762,1786]" name="Chad" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 53.7–69.0% (N=9); SHL/SVL 41.7–48.4% (N=9), mean male SHL/SVL 45% (N=7), mean female SHL/SVL 42.1% (N=2); vomerine ridges ovoid, with vomerine teeth present; subarticular, inner and outer palmar tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercles absent in life and in preservation; digit tips not expanded relative to digit width; webbing and lateral fringes on toes absent; dorsolateral folds always present, approximately 75 percent of trunk length; distinct “X”-shape marking on dorsum absent; protruding projection posterior to cloaca of males absent; single dominant frequency range of male advertisement call at 3,100–4,250 kHz, with maximum note energy of between 3,364–3,527 kHz (3,388±70 kHz) at 18°C (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF83FFA57EF0F81E5C3EF832" box="[737,835,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1145]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. advertisement call of a single uncollected male from the type locality, ambient air temperature during recording 18 ° C. A. sonogram and wave form showing a single note. B. sonogram and waveform showing a seven note portion of a call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF82FFA47CD6FF545CDBFA91" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47CD6FF545E10FF74" bold="true" box="[199,365,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D64FF5B5D13FF74" box="[373,622,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D64FF5B5D13FF74" box="[373,622,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF82FFA47E67FF545DAFFF74" box="[630,722,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E67FF545DAFFF74" bold="true" box="[630,722,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the following large-sized species by considerably smaller adult-male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47E14FF7F5DCFFF10" box="[517,690,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–39.2 mm</quantity>
, N=7 (vs. adult-male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA4780BFF7F5B08FF10" box="[1050,1141,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47896FF7E5A62FF10" box="[1159,1311,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantica">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47896FF7E5A62FF10" box="[1159,1311,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. gigantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=6; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFF7E5E6EFF3C" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFF7E5E6EFF3C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. glandulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=10; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D90FF225D37FF3C" box="[385,586,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jingdongensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D90FF225D37FF3C" box="[385,586,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. jingdongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=2; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47EB8FF225C4FFF3C" box="[681,818,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lekaguli">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47EB8FF225C4FFF3C" box="[681,818,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. lekaguli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47F80FF225B7DFF33" box="[913,1024,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F80FF225B7DFF33" box="[913,1024,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47871FF225A6DFF3C" box="[1120,1296,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medogensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47871FF225A6DFF3C" box="[1120,1296,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. medogensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=16; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFF225E65FED8" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omeimontis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFF225E65FED8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. omeimontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=10; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D65FEC65E90FED8" box="[372,493,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D65FEC65E90FED8" box="[372,493,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=4; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47E2AFEC65DCEFED8" box="[571,691,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinata">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E2AFEC65DCEFED8" box="[571,691,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. spinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N=2); from the following medium-sized species by smaller adultmale size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47D71FEEB5D71FEFB" box="[352,524,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–39.2 mm</quantity>
, N=7 (vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47E86FEEB5C0CFE84" box="[663,881,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E86FEEB5C0CFE84" box="[663,881,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF82FFA47F6EFEE45C9DFE84" box="[895,992,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F6EFEE45C9DFE84" bold="true" box="[895,992,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
male SVL 39.1–45.0 mm, N=8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFEEA5E63FEA0" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binlingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFEEA5E63FEA0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. binlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SVL 45.1–51.0 mm, N=3; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47E70FE8E5C63FEA0" box="[609,798,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E70FE8E5C63FEA0" box="[609,798,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. megacephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47F76FE8F5B72FEA0" box="[871,1039,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="4.59" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="49.65" valueMax="53.4" valueMin="45.9">45.9–53.4 mm</quantity>
, N=7; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47870FE8E5B9EFEA0" box="[1121,1251,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47870FE8E5B9EFEA0" box="[1121,1251,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. takensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SVL 47.3–53.0 mm, N=3), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47DBDFEB35D02FE4C" box="[428,639,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47DBDFEB35D02FE4C" box="[428,639,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF82FFA47E97FEAC5D9DFE4C" box="[646,736,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E97FEAC5D9DFE4C" bold="true" box="[646,736,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by HW≥HL (vs. HL&gt;HW), digit tips not expanded terminally (vs. digit tips distinctly expanded terminally), small sharp horn-like tubercle absent on the eyelids (vs. present on most individuals), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47E19FE7A5DC5FE14" box="[520,696,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binlingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E19FE7A5DC5FE14" box="[520,696,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. binlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFE7A5E51FE30" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFE7A5E51FE30" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. megacephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by considerably narrower head HW/SVL 33.9–38.5%, N=9 (vs. HW/SVL 40.2–45.1%, N=9), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D36FDC25EDAFDDC" box="[295,423,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D36FDC25EDAFDDC" box="[295,423,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. takensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by vomerine ridges ovoid (vs. elongated stalk-like projections); from the following smallsized species by larger adult size, male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47EA4FDE75C1DFDF8" box="[693,864,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–39.2 mm</quantity>
, N=7, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA4785EFDE75B84FDF8" box="[1103,1273,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.64" metricValueMax="4.87" metricValueMin="4.41" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="46.4" valueMax="48.7" valueMin="44.1">44.1–48.7 mm</quantity>
, N=2 (vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFDE65E23FDA4" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuliangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFDE65E23FDA4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. wuliangshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47DFBFD845DEFFD9B" box="[490,658,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.945" metricValueMax="3.16" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="29.45" valueMax="31.6" valueMin="27.3">27.3–31.6 mm</quantity>
, N=10, female SVL 41.0– 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47FDBFD845B4EFD9B" box="[970,1075,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="41.5">41.5 mm</quantity>
, N=2; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47897FD8A5A26FDA4" box="[1158,1371,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zunhebotoensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47897FD8A5A26FDA4" box="[1158,1371,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. zunhebotoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 30.0 mm, N=1, female SVL 39.0 mm, N=1), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47F46FDAE5B3EFD40" box="[855,1091,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuliangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F46FDAE5B3EFD40" box="[855,1091,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. wuliangshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger tympanum on males, mean 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47CCFFD535E6AFD6C" box="[222,279,656,680]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 60.4%, N=7 (vs. mean male 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47EB2FD535DA1FD6C" box="[675,732,656,680]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 48.8%, N=10), considerably shorter mean shank length, mean male SHL/SVL 45%, N=7, mean female SHL/SVL 42.1%, N=2 (vs. mean male SHL/SVL 50.5%, N=10, mean female SHL/SVL 50.4%, N=2), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47F02FD1A5C98FD34" box="[787,997,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zunhebotoensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F02FD1A5C98FD34" box="[787,997,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. zunhebotoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by male SHL/SVL 43.4–48.4%, N=7, female SHL/SVL 41.7–42.6%, N=2 (vs. male SHL/SVL 50%, N=1, female SHL/SVL 46.1%, N=1); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4796CFD3E5E4AFCFC" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nankiangensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4796CFD3E5E4AFCFC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. nankiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D6AFCE25D45FCFC" box="[379,568,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shapingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D6AFCE25D45FCFC" box="[379,568,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. shapingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presence of clearly defined tympanum (vs. tympanum concealed by supratympanic fold); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47DD2FC865DF5FC98" box="[451,648,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binchuanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47DD2FC865DF5FC98" box="[451,648,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. binchuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47EACFC865C0DFC98" box="[701,880,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wushanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47EACFC865C0DFC98" box="[701,880,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. wushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by subarticular tubercles absent (vs. present), and lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47EADFCAA5C5BFCBB" box="[700,806,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47EADFCAA5C5BFCBB" box="[700,806,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by HW≥HL (vs. HL&gt;HW), vomerine teeth present (vs. absent), differences in male advertisement call characters, note duration 30–55 ms (44.6±7.33 ms, N=32) and a single primary frequency range at 18°C (vs. note duration 74.6–110.1 ms [90.8±12.6 ms, N=14], and a second subdominant frequency pulse at 6,800–7,600 kHz at 14°C); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47F63FC165B17FC28" box="[882,1130,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palpebralespinosa">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F63FC165B17FC28" box="[882,1130,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. palpebralespinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by webbing between toes absent (vs. approx. half digit length); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47EB9FC3A5C1CFBD4" box="[680,865,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daweimontis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47EB9FC3A5C1CFBD4" box="[680,865,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. daweimontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by inner and outer palmar tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercles absent in life and in preservation (vs. distinct and red in colour), SHL/SVL 41.7–48.4%, N=9 (vs. SHL/SVL 53.7% on 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF82FFA47DA7FBFC5D60FB9C" box="[438,541,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47E61FB825C72FB93" box="[624,783,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wawuensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47E61FB825C72FB93" box="[624,783,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. wawuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47F59FB825CC7FB9C" box="[840,954,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47F59FB825CC7FB9C" box="[840,954,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by distinct “X”-shape marking on dorsum absent (vs. present) and dorsolateral folds distinct (vs. indistinct), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4781DFBA65BD6FBB8" box="[1036,1195,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wawuensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4781DFBA65BD6FBB8" box="[1036,1195,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. wawuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger tympanum, 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47C86FB4B5FADFB64" box="[151,208,1160,1184]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 53.7–69.0%, N=9 (vs. 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47E1BFB4B5D3EFB64" box="[522,579,1160,1184]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED ca. 33%), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47FA5FB4A5B5AFB64" box="[948,1063,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47FA5FB4A5B5AFB64" box="[948,1063,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47D7FFB6E5D57FB00" box="[366,554,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyproctus">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47D7FFB6E5D57FB00" box="[366,554,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. pachyproctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by protruding projection posterior to cloaca of male absent (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA47C86FB125E7CFB2C" box="[151,257,1233,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47C86FB125E7CFB2C" box="[151,257,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger adult female size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47E87FB135C42FB23" box="[662,831,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.64" metricValueMax="4.87" metricValueMin="4.41" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="46.4" valueMax="48.7" valueMin="44.1">44.1–48.7 mm</quantity>
, N=2 (vs. female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF82FFA47847FB135B82FB23" box="[1110,1279,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.125" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="4.11" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="41.25" valueMax="41.4" valueMin="41.1">41.1–41.4 mm</quantity>
, N=2), larger tympanum 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47D09FB375E2CFAC8" box="[280,337,1268,1292]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 53.7–69.0%, N=9 (vs. 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA47E81FB375DB4FAC8" box="[656,713,1268,1292]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 40.0–48.9%, N=4), and digit tips not expanded relative to digit width (vs. digit tips noticeably expanded relative to digit width); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF82FFA4781CFADA5BD8FAF4" box="[1037,1189,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serchhipii">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA4781CFADA5BD8FAF4" box="[1037,1189,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by dorsolateral folds always present, approximately 75 percent of trunk length (vs. absent).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF82FFA17CD6FA9C5F9BFC61" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF82FFA47CD6FA9C5E3AF8C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF82FFA47CD6FA9C5D93FABC" bold="true" box="[199,750,1375,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF82FFA47CD6FA9C5E49FABC" box="[199,308,1375,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description (measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Mature male (SVL 32.8) (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA47839FA9C5BF0FABC" box="[1064,1165,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figure 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA4788DFA9C5BBCFABC" box="[1180,1217,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A – C" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A – C. Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. in life. A – B. paratype (ZSI A 11603, adult female), A. dorsolateral view, B. ventral view, C. holotype (ZSI A 11601, adult male), dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249328/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">6C</figureCitation>
). Head small (HW 12.0, HL 12.0, IFE 6.0, IBE 10.1), as wide as long; snout rounded in dorsal view, obtusely protruding in lateral view, without rostral appendage (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA47E00FA645DF5FA04" box="[529,648,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
); loreal region vertical and concave; canthus rostralis angular; dorsal region of snout slightly concave; eye (EL 4.4) longer than maximum tympanum diameter (
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF82FFA4789CFA0F5BB5FA20" box="[1165,1224,1484,1508]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">TYD</collectingCountry>
2.7), and subequal to snout (SL 4.5); eye-tympanum distance (TYE 1.8) shorter than maximum tympanum diameter; tympanum slightly oval, vertically orientated, not concealed by supratympanic ridge (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA47834F9D75BDEF9E9" box="[1061,1187,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
); pupil in life oval, horizontally orientated when dilated and vertically when constricted; nostril orientated laterally, situated mid-way between eye and snout (EN 2.2, SN 2.3); internarial distance (IN 3.8) equal to eyelid width (UEW 3.8), and wider than the narrowest point between upper eyelids (IUE 3.4); pineal ocellus not visible externally; vomerine ridges moderately raised, ovoid, positioned at level posterior to choanae, separated from each other by distance equal to distance from choanae; vomerine teeth small; tongue moderately large, weakly notched posteriorly, with no medial lingual process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF82FFA77CD6F8CC5CC8FF3C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
Forelimbs moderately short and thin, forearm (FAL 7.6) slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimb, shorter than hand (HAL 10.1); fingers short and rounded without lateral fringes (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA4781BF8F75BFBF889" box="[1034,1158,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
), finger length formula I=II=IV&lt;III (FIL 3.9, FIIL 4.0, FIIIL 6.3, FIVL 4.0); interdigital webbing, thenar, palmar, subarticular and supernumerary tubercles absent; finger tips not expanded, rounded with small oval pads; terminal grooves absent. Hindlimbs relatively short and thin; shanks overlap when thighs are held at right angle to body, thigh (TL 13.9) shorter than shank (SHL 14.4), and foot (FOL 14.5); toes long and rounded without lateral fringes (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF82FFA47906F8075AF3F819" box="[1303,1422,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
); relative toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; toe tips not dilated, but with small terminal pads; terminal groves absent; outer metatarsal tubercle, subarticular and supernumerary tubercles and webbing absent; inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct; ridge of callous tissue absent on the ventral surface of digits.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF81FFA77C86F8BD5B2CF877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF81FFA77C86F8BD5B2CF877" blockId="10.[151,1435,1918,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77C86F8BD5E2EF857" bold="true" box="[151,339,1918,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 5. A–E.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF81FFA77DCCF8BD5DC3F850" box="[477,702,1918,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77DCCF8BD5DC3F850" box="[477,702,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF81FFA77ED7F8BC5C65F850" box="[710,792,1919,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77ED7F8BC5C65F850" bold="true" box="[710,792,1919,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA778F0F8BD5B84F857" bold="true" box="[1249,1273,1918,1939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">A.</emphasis>
dorsal view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77995F8BC5AE6F850" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1919,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">B.</emphasis>
ventral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77D31F85E5E45F877" bold="true" box="[288,312,1949,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">C.</emphasis>
profile view of head, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77E09F85D5D4DF877" bold="true" box="[536,560,1950,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">D.</emphasis>
ventral view of left hand, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF81FFA77F2DF85D5C29F877" bold="true" box="[828,852,1950,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">E.</emphasis>
ventral view of left foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF80FFA67C86F9B95C4DF96A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249328/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1634]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF80FFA67C86F9B95C4DF96A" blockId="11.[151,1435,1658,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67C86F9B95E2CF94B" bold="true" box="[151,337,1658,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 6. A–C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF80FFA67D49F9B95D45F954" box="[344,568,1658,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67D49F9B95D45F954" box="[344,568,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF80FFA67E2EF9B95DEDF94B" box="[575,656,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67E2EF9B95DEDF94B" bold="true" box="[575,656,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67EF0F9B95C65F94B" bold="true" box="[737,792,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">A–B.</emphasis>
paratype (ZSI A 11603, adult female), 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA678BBF9B95BBEF94B" bold="true" box="[1194,1219,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">A.</emphasis>
dorsolateral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67995F9B95AE6F94B" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">B.</emphasis>
ventral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF80FFA67D31F95B5E45F96A" bold="true" box="[288,312,1688,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">C.</emphasis>
holotype (ZSI A 11601, adult male), dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF80FFA17CD6F9165B1BFE14" blockId="11.[151,1436,1749,2026]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
Skin of dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, and dorsal and lateral surfaces of head weakly granular; tympanum smooth, its borders slightly raised; short ridge present on outer edge of upper eyelid (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF80FFA67878F93A5B9DF8D6" box="[1129,1248,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
); supratympanic fold extends from orbit and curves around upper border of tympanum, terminating above insertion of forelimb (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF80FFA67C8FF8825E69F89E" box="[158,276,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
), its posterior half more than 50 percent wider than anterior half; flanks with large scattered tubercles; thin dorsolateral folds extend from posterior to supratympanic fold to approximately three quarters distance to groin; weak, “V”-shaped parietoscapular ridge present, its two sides extending posteriorly from above tympanum and meeting medially beyond level of axilla; second inverted partial “V”-shaped ridge present on mid-dorsum, joining laterally with dorsolateral fold on right side only (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF80FFA67F5EF8125CB0F82E" box="[847,973,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
); small tubercles arranged into distinct transverse rows on dorsal surface of thighs, shanks and forearms. Gular region, chest and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; abdomen weakly granular; pectoral glands moderately large and raised slightly, positioned on level with axilla (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF87FFA17CF4FF1C5E26FF3C" box="[229,347,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
); femoral glands moderately large, slightly raised, positioned sub-equally distant from knee and cloaca. Conspicuous brown skin asperities form a narrow band circummarginally on lower jaw, densely scattered at posterior end of jaw and on tympanic region (except tympanum), along upper jaw, loreal region and snout, and on supratympanic and dorsal folds; sparse on head, dorsal surface of snout and anterior half of dorsum, dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and hindlimbs, posterior half of upper eyelids, and upper flanks; dense on the posterior half of dorsum, and surrounding cloaca, extending ventrally onto posterior part of abdomen; few asperities extending from axilla to adjacent pectoral region including the pectoral glands; absent from remaining surfaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF87FFA17CD6FE1F5F9BFC61" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF87FFA17CD6FE1F5EB4FE30" box="[199,457,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF87FFA17DC8FE1F5D40FE31" box="[473,573,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – E" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – E. Holotype of Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. (ZSI A 11601, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249327/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Figure 5</figureCitation>
): Entire dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, body, forelimbs and hindlimbs light brown; solid darker brown triangular marking between eyes, and thin dark brown stripe extending from tip of snout posterodorsally to centre of snout; supratympanic folds whitish-cream; front of snout with dark brown blotches; wide vertical dark brown bar below eyes and dark brown blotches covers tympanum; two dark brown blotches on anterior lateral surface of forearm, and dorsal surface of hands and feet with dark brown spots and speckles; feint dark brown transverse bands present on dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs. Gular region, chest, abdomen and ventral surface of limbs pale greyish-brown; feint, dark mottling on limbs; some small white spots along margin of lower mandible and distinct dark brown patch on either side of posterior ends of mandibles extending to insertion of forelimbs; ventral surfaces of tarsus and feet dark grey brown; area surrounding vent and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown; ventral surface of hands grey-brown; pectoral and femoral glands white. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF87FFA1793EFCE35FC6FC98" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Colour in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF87FFA17CD8FC875E42FC99" box="[201,319,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A – C" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A – C. Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. in life. A – B. paratype (ZSI A 11603, adult female), A. dorsolateral view, B. ventral view, C. holotype (ZSI A 11601, adult male), dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249328/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF87FFA17D42FC875E0FFC98" box="[339,370,836,860]" name="American Samoa" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">As</collectingCountry>
described above, except that dorsal colour was a richer mid-brown with tips of dorsal tubercles and large granules orange; inner surface of thighs and groin with some orange colouration. Iris colour metallic brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF87FFA07CD6FC6C5A6BF9DB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF87FFA17CD6FC6C5BCEF994" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF87FFA17CD6FC6C5E42FC0C" bold="true" box="[199,319,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Variation.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6E676A1FF87FFA17D64FC6C5EB5FC0C" box="[373,456,943,968]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[119,207,491,514]" captionTargetBox="[119,1926,573,1665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for the type series and adult referred specimens of Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., and Megophrys vegrandis sp.. Measurements in mm. HT. holotype, PT. paratype, RS. referred specimen, (ind). indistinct, * measurements taken on left side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
for morphometric characters of seven adult males and two adult females. Finger length formula varies considerably in this species with the following combinations found in the series examined: I≤II≤IV&lt;III (N=6), II&lt;IV&lt;I&lt;III (N=1), and I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III (N=2). ZSI A 11603 has considerably smaller, ovoid vomerine ridges, and SDB.DU 2009.1164 possesses only one small, ovoid vomerine ridge on the right side, with the left vomerine ridge absent. Vomerine ridges in the remaining specimens like in the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17872FBFC5BB4FB9C" box="[1123,1225,1087,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Dorsolateral folds are present on all examined specimens and vary in length from approximately 75–100 percent of the trunk length. Tympanum is completely exposed on five specimens but on four the supratympanic fold covers the dorsal-most border, and the tympanum shape varies from circular to distinctly vertically oval. Asperities density and distribution for all specimens are similar to the conditions described for the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17FF1FB0C5B3FFB2C" box="[992,1090,1231,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with the following exceptions: BNHS 5595 differs from the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17DF0FB375D3EFAC9" box="[481,579,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by having only a single asperity on each pectoral and femoral gland; ZSI A 11603 has sparse, white asperities on supratympanic and dorsal folds, at the rear of the jaw, on posterior portions of eyelids, and dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and hindlimbs, dense asperities on the posterior half of the dorsum and the surroundings of the cloaca, and two sparse patches on the chest adjacent the axilla, but absent from other surfaces; SDB.DU 2009.300 differs from the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17E22FA475DE8FA59" box="[563,661,1412,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by having black and white asperities on the lower jaw, and axillary asperities absent; SDB.DU 2009.301 differs from the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17F1DFA645C13FA04" box="[780,878,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by having a broad band of asperities along the margin of the lower jaw. Most specimens match the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17ECBFA0F5C41FA21" box="[730,828,1484,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by possessing a short raised dermal ridge on the upper eyelid except BNHS 5595 and SDB.DU 2009.301 which have a small blunt tubercle on each eyelid replacing the ridge, and SDB.DU 2009.299 which has a ridge on one side and a tubercle on the other. The parietoscapular ridge on five of the nine specimens does not join medially to form a “V” shape, but appears as “\ /”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF87FFA17CD6F99F5A16F819" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
Colouration and markings of the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA17E2BF99E5D17F9B1" box="[570,618,1629,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
series and referred specimens generally agree with the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF87FFA178C9F99F5A47F9B1" box="[1240,1338,1628,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with the following exceptions: all other specimens have a distinct longitudinally elongated brown patch on the central gular region extending onto the anterior part of the chest; some individuals have additional large dark brown blotches along the margin of the lower jaw and dense, darker brown blotches on the dorsum (e.g., SDB.DU 2009.301, ZSI 
<accessionNumber id="9437DEF9FF87FFA17999F90B5FA2F8C1" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11602" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="EnaNcbi">A 11602</accessionNumber>
, BNHS 5595, BNHS 5596); dark bands on the dorsal surfaces of the hindlimbs and stripe on the dorsal portion of the snout indistinct on SDB.DU 2009.1064; the entire gular, chest and ventral abdominal region of SDB.DU 2009.300–301 and BNHS 5595 are covered with feint to dark brown blotches and mottling; flank tubercles in general are lighter than surrounding areas. Many individuals of this species that were photographed but not collected from the localities listed in the distribution section varied in general dorsal colouration from dark brown to bright orange; the inner surfaces of the thighs and groin of males and females were orange to reddishorange; the aforementioned feint brown blotches on the ventral surface in preservative are often orange in life.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF86FFA07C86FB495ECCFB19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249329/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" targetBox="[151,1436,196,1136]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF86FFA07C86FB495ECCFB19" blockId="13.[151,1436,1162,1245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07C86FB495E6EFB5B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1162,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF86FFA07D0BFB495E87FB64" box="[282,506,1162,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07D0BFB495E87FB64" box="[282,506,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF86FFA07E10FB495D2FFB5B" box="[513,594,1162,1183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07E10FB495D2FFB5B" bold="true" box="[513,594,1162,1183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
advertisement call of a single uncollected male from the type locality, ambient air temperature during recording 18°C. A. sonogram and wave form showing a single note. B. sonogram and waveform showing a seven note portion of a call.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF86FFA07CD6FAC95A6BF9DB" blockId="13.[151,1436,1290,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07CD6FAC95D57FAE7" bold="true" box="[199,554,1290,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
Males have slightly raised nuptial pads covered with black micro-granules, covering most of the dorsal surface of the base of finger I, narrowing distally and extending to the base of the distal phalange on the inner dorsal side; nuptial pad medium sized and oval shaped on finger II, on the inner dorsal side of the base of the digit extending to the mid-proximal phalange; external vocal sac distinct as loose skin on most specimens, and forms a large single subgular sac that extends onto the anterior chest when fully inflated; internal vocal slit present on the floor of the mouth, near the rear of the lower mandible on both sides; forearm slightly to moderately enlarged relative to upper forelimb; protruding fleshy projection posterior to cloaca absent. Females lack nuptial pads, external vocal sac, internal vocal slits and enlarged forearms—ova are unpigmented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF86FFA07CD6F9E95DAAF94E" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF86FFA07CD6F9E95DAAF94E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1290,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07CD6F9E95E33F987" bold="true" box="[199,334,1578,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF86FFA07E70F9E95DAEF986" box="[609,723,1578,1602]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07E70F9E95DAEF986" box="[609,723,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is Greek meaning “plateau” or “tableland”, as all known collection localities for the species are situated on the upper reaches of the Shillong Plateau. We treat the specific epithet as a noun in apposition to the generic name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF86FFA37CD6F9555C1EFAB7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF86FFA07CD6F9555D0CF8A7" blockId="13.[151,1436,1290,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07CD6F9555E1DF96B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1686,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is confirmed here from Malki Forest (
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF86FFA07FE3F9555BDBF96A" box="[1010,1190,1686,1711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1560.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1520.0">1,520–1,600 m</quantity>
asl.), Shillong, and Mawphlang Sacred Forest (
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF86FFA07DC0F9785D4DF916" box="[465,560,1723,1747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1810.0">1,810 m</quantity>
asl.), Mawphlang village, both in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF86FFA07D5FF91D5EF5F933" box="[334,392,1758,1783]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF86FFA07D8BF91D5D7CF933" box="[410,513,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,908,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,908,1874]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of northeastern India (shaded grey) and adjoining countries (white) showing the collection localities of the three new species. Blue spots— Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., orange spots— Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., green spot— Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249325/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). It has also been observed, but not collected from North East Hill University (NEHU) (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF86FFA07D16F8C15EE7F8DF" box="[263,410,1794,1819]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" precision="1" value="25.612783">25°36.767’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF86FFA07DB8F8C15D46F8DF" box="[425,571,1794,1819]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" precision="1" value="91.75083">91°45.050’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF86FFA07E57F8C05DDEF8DE" box="[582,675,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1410.0">1,410 m</quantity>
asl.), on the outskirts of Shillong city (SM pers. obs.). This species is likely to be found in other forest fragments in the East and West Khasi Hills districts that cover the upper reaches of the Shillong Plateau above 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF86FFA07DF6F8885D3EF8A6" box="[487,579,1867,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1400.0">1,400 m</quantity>
asl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF86FFA37CD6F8AD5C57FD08" blockId="13.[151,1436,1290,2035]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2029]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA07CD6F8AD5D60F843" bold="true" box="[199,541,1902,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
The forest 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF86FFA07EB3F8AC5DAFF843" box="[674,722,1903,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
around Shillong and Mawphlang is categorized as subtropical wet hill forest (Champion &amp; Seth 1968). The forest at the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF86FFA07F0FF8505C33F86F" box="[798,846,1939,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
locality is dominated by pine (
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF86FFA078B8F8505F92F80B" authority="Royle &amp; Gordon" authorityName="Royle &amp; Gordon" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kesiya">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF86FFA078B8F8505A4BF86E" box="[1193,1334,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Pinus kesiya</emphasis>
Royle &amp; Gordon
</taxonomicName>
) plantation, with a considerable amount of broadleaf trees lining the stream banks (SM, pers. obs.) (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF86FFA07940F8755FC7F837" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – D" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – D. Habitat images at the collection localities of the three new species: A. for Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov. showing the point where the side stream meets the Sessa river (dark opening in vegetation, centre frame on the bank of the river), B. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing the type locality showing Um Risa stream, in Malki Forest, C. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing a collection stream in Mawphlang Sacred Forest, D. for Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. showing the stream at the type locality in Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249326/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Figure 4B</figureCitation>
), while the forest at Mawphlang is dominated by broadleaf trees (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF86FFA07FBFF8195B5BF837" box="[942,1062,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – D" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – D. Habitat images at the collection localities of the three new species: A. for Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov. showing the point where the side stream meets the Sessa river (dark opening in vegetation, centre frame on the bank of the river), B. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing the type locality showing Um Risa stream, in Malki Forest, C. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing a collection stream in Mawphlang Sacred Forest, D. for Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. showing the stream at the type locality in Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249326/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
). The collection streams at these localities were approximately 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37DE2FF5B5D40FF6B" box="[499,573,152,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37EAAFF5B5C53FF6B" box="[699,814,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 cm</quantity>
deep, of moderate flow on a slight incline, primarily rocky with intermittent gravel bed, and with quiet pools that accumulate detritus, branches and leaf litter (for further details on habitat at Mawphlang see Mahony [2008]). The species was only found along portions of the streams that experience low levels of human disturbance. One female was collected on a trail ca. 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA378FAFEC75A4EFED8" box="[1259,1331,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
from the nearest stream, and another collected from a trail nearby a stream. Males were collected from the lower branches of bushy vegetation at ca. 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37D8DFE8F5E9DFEA0" box="[412,480,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
above ground level, within 
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from the edge of streams, or from rocks on the stream banks. One uncollected male was located inactive during day time in a fallen hollow branch lying over a stream (
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37981FEB35FD0FE68" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
above stream level). Metamorphosing juveniles were found during May and June at Shillong and Mawphlang. Males began calling vigorously from dusk until late into the evening (18:00 until at least 23:30 h), regardless of precipitation level, but more intensely during light rain and/or when cloud cover envelops the forest, when regular calling began as early as 16:00 h, but was reduced during heavy precipitation. Calling was observed during visits between 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF85FFA37CEEFDE75D2CFDF9" box="[255,593,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">20th May to 15th September</date>
. Sporadic daytime calling was heard on both overcast and clear days at Shillong and Mawphlang, and it consisted of one to two call repetitions followed by extended silence, usually from unobserved calling sites within dense bushes. Calling males distanced themselves from others by a minimum of 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA3799FFDAF5FD0FD63" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
of stream bank and distinctive territorial calls were emitted when males were played back their call at close quarters, as noted in other species (Mahony &amp; Reza 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF85FFA37CD6FD145C29FB9C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37E14FD1B5C7FFD34" box="[517,770,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37E14FD1B5C7FFD34" box="[517,770,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF85FFA37F01FD145C0DFD34" box="[784,880,727,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37F01FD145C0DFD34" bold="true" box="[784,880,727,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was recorded from two individual males (not collected) from the banks of the Um Risa stream within meters of the collection locality of the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF85FFA378F6FD3F5A30FCD1" box="[1255,1357,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. These individuals were photographed in-situ and released, and match the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF85FFA37F93FCE35CCFFCFC" box="[898,946,800,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
series in all general external morphological characters. The call consists of a single pulsed note of 30–55 ms duration (44.6±7.33 ms, N=32), containing 6–10 pulses per note (7.7±0.97, N=32). Pulse intervals gradually decrease from the beginning to the end of the note. Amplitude modulation within notes is apparent, beginning with moderately high energy pulses, increasing slightly to a maximum by approximately mid note, and subsequently decreasing rapidly towards the end of each note. Calls are repeated in series at a rate of 3–4 per second, with an irregular call interval of 108–415 ms duration (276±67 ms, N=32). Duration of call series was not recorded, but calls were continuously emitted throughout the longest recording made of 24 s. Calls had a single dominant frequency range of 3,100–4,250 kHz with the maximum note energy varying from 3,400–3,500 kHz (3,388±70 kHz, N=27).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF85FFA37CD6FBA75C1EFAB7" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Out of a total of 18 metamorph to adult frogs photographed, two examples with eye deformities were observed (not collected), one from Mawphlang and the other from the lower Malki forest. In both cases, one eye was smaller than the other, with the pupil off-center and partially obscured by the upper eyelid. It was not tested at the time of observation whether the deformed eyes were functional. At both of these localities, the breeding streams are intensively used as clothes-washing areas and in such sections of the streams the rocks are covered with a grey slime from excessive detergent use and calling males are absent (see Mahony 2008 for further discussion). Whether detergent use in these streams is responsible for causing the malformations, or whether it is a result of natural parasite/viral infection or trauma should be further investigated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF85FFA37CD6FABE5CE9F828" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF85FFA37CD6FABE5CE9F828" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37CD6FABE5E46FA52" bold="true" box="[199,315,1405,1430]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Remarks.</emphasis>
Pillai and Chanda (1979) report a single specimen in the ZSI/ERS which they refer to as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37CB2FA625DBEFA7D" authority="Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass., 1822" authorityName="Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass." authorityYear="1822" box="[163,707,1440,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37CB2FA625EE0FA7D" box="[163,413,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys monticola</emphasis>
Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass., 1822
</taxonomicName>
[b]” (= 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37F3CFA625A1DFA7D" authority="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[813,1376,1440,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37F3CFA625B64FA7C" box="[813,1049,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys montana</emphasis>
Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822
</taxonomicName>
[a]), collected from Shillong Peak—the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF85FFA37E3FFA065D23FA19" box="[558,606,1477,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37EF6FA075C9CFA18" box="[743,993,1476,1500]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37EF6FA075C9CFA18" box="[743,993,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF85FFA37FFAFA075B35FA19" box="[1003,1096,1476,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37FFAFA075B35FA19" bold="true" box="[1003,1096,1476,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Immediately obvious is their confusion with the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37DD3FA245C19F9C4" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[450,868,1511,1536]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37DD3FA245DC9FA3B" box="[450,692,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Xenophrys monticola</emphasis>
Günther, 1864
</taxonomicName>
(currently a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37885FA245A23FA3B" box="[1172,1374,1511,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37885FA245A23FA3B" box="[1172,1374,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the name which they presumably intended to refer to based on later corrections of the identification of this specimen to 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37C86F9ED5F80F981" box="[151,253,1582,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37C86F9ED5F80F981" box="[151,253,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Chanda 1994, 1995, 2002). Pillai and Chanda (1979) provide a basic description of this specimen which corresponds with 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37D4FF9925D28F9AD" box="[350,597,1617,1641]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37D4FF9925D28F9AD" box="[350,597,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF85FFA37E4DF9935DCBF9AD" box="[604,694,1616,1641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37E4DF9935DCBF9AD" bold="true" box="[604,694,1616,1641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with the exception that they identify the specimen as a male with SVL of 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37CE9F9B75E36F948" box="[248,331,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF85FFA37E18F9B75DCFF948" box="[521,690,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–39.2 mm</quantity>
, N=7, reported herein). This measurement however corresponds perfectly with females of this species, thus the sex of this specimen should be re-examined. Dutta (1997) lists both 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37C86F9795DC2F917" authority="Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass., 1822" authorityName="Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass." authorityYear="1822" box="[151,703,1722,1747]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37C86F9795EEFF916" box="[151,402,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys monticola</emphasis>
Kuhl. &amp; V. Hass., 1822
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37EE5F9795A4DF917" authority="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[756,1328,1722,1747]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37EE5F9795C9CF916" box="[756,993,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys montana</emphasis>
Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822
</taxonomicName>
[a]) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37C86F91E5E23F931" box="[151,350,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37C86F91E5E23F931" box="[151,350,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Shillong presumably based on the aforementioned papers (Pillai &amp; Chanda 1979; Chanda 1994), as both references are included in the bibliography section. Considering 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37803F8C25A74F8DD" box="[1042,1289,1793,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37803F8C25A74F8DD" box="[1042,1289,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF85FFA37901F8C35A14F8DD" box="[1296,1385,1792,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37901F8C35A14F8DD" bold="true" box="[1296,1385,1792,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was consistently the only species found on Shillong Peak during numerous visits by the Systematics Lab members between 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF85FFA37CEBF8845E07F8A4" box="[250,378,1863,1888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2006" valueMax="2011">2006–2011</date>
, we regard the specimen of Pillai and Chanda (1979) as this species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37866F8845E03F847" authority="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37866F8845A23F89B" box="[1143,1374,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys montana</emphasis>
Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt, 1822
</taxonomicName>
[a] is otherwise known from the Indonesian island of Java (Inger 1954), and is therefore not a member of the Indian amphibian fauna despite being listed as such several times in the past (e.g., Pillai &amp; Chanda 1979; Dutta 1997; Das &amp; Dutta 1998). Mahony (2008) reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA37F62F8725B16F80D" box="[883,1131,1969,1993]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37F62F8725B16F80D" box="[883,1131,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF85FFA37865F8735BB3F80D" box="[1140,1230,1968,1993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37865F8735BB3F80D" bold="true" box="[1140,1230,1968,1993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF85FFA378EEF8725FA5F828" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA378EEF8725A0AF80D" box="[1279,1399,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Xenophrys</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37C86F8165FA5F828" box="[151,216,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from Mawphlang, which was later cited by Das 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF85FFA37F12F8165C46F828" box="[771,827,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>