151 lines
15 KiB
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151 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="69FC81165BD59F2ECA421FB3FBBEFC07" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C475FFFD9C797E672FCB1FCC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pityokteines curvidens Germar 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="858C4455E018D757699FB0F14F9BDB88" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="67DF6CFBE6A17E1C1902DF2244B1A5C9">
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<mods:title id="4B6713D0FBE76A0A835F09082B705489">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1B3EB033F91780B1CEEFD5120229F842" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="952466D47CCCBECD2C9B2944B80607E4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F2E8881BC811EF74C2EDDFA42EC0251">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="20ADA1ACF8F5AEC1C48CC3390B128D8A">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C7343B683ADB7C646C6D1488FE5AFDD2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25ECFD7430AC58ACD7AC15432E1D9AF4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8213D46478B8A166C4706C7FF9EB3D81">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DD158A503A4C29075D9CBB3E069A163D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="53E2269F219C3AC828969EBF63130A26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0BF80D89580C29B6EBE9131C0F79C6AB">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="30A70491513B006AD522DEFBBA772D67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B2D54444B224E9F6BB11FFC631EB6EDB">
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<mods:title id="8266766CCDB812EE44F29B8122BF93A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CA5208E878C969CFF52DE455A20A2014">
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<mods:date id="DC27F128D0E595E53897A8B5EDDF5764">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E91D5BA6A69C06E5F4802FF9A3D11F87" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4E87FF082D7ACEEA2202B3BBF4D68C2">4098</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD5914F1F7351427F42472050DA7083D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="885F0F508B8E85F2237A753B0B9D49A6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="368C7A38AE4D1113A07086FE10A12523" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C475FFFD9C797E672FCB1FCC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669448" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381131" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C475FFFD9C797E672FCB1FCC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C475FFFD9C797E672FCB1FCC0" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475FFFD9C797E672FD82FE54" box="[151,599,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475FFFD9C797E672FD82FE54" blockId="14.[151,599,366,391]" box="[151,599,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="B8029C06475FFFD9C797E672FD82FE54" bold="true" box="[151,599,366,391]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C797E672FD82FE54" ID-CoL="8JC69" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,599,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pityokteines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvidens">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C797E672FD82FE54" bold="true" box="[151,599,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C797E672FE4FFE54" bold="true" box="[151,410,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pityokteines curvidens</emphasis>
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(Germar, 1824)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475FFFD9C797E6AAFB7BFDC4" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475FFFD9C797E6AAFCFCFE1C" blockId="14.[151,1436,438,787]" box="[151,809,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C797E6AAFE5FFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,394,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C64EE6AAFE50FE1C" box="[334,389,438,463]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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East Azarbaijan (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C552E6AAFCC9FE1C" author="Samin" box="[594,796,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Samin
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C5A2E6ABFD07FE1C" box="[674,722,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475FFFD9C7C7E6C6FB7BFDC4" blockId="14.[151,1436,438,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C7C7E6C6FE1EFE20" bold="true" box="[199,459,474,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">General distribution.</emphasis>
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Central and southern Europe,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C449E6C6FC73FE20" box="[841,934,474,499]" name="Ukraine" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C329E6C6FBA3FE20" box="[1065,1142,474,499]" name="Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Russia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C389E6C6FB0EFE20" box="[1161,1243,474,499]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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. One specimen, collected in 1909, is recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C526E6E3FDB3FDC5" box="[550,614,511,534]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C574E6E2FCCCFDC4" author="Nobuchi" box="[628,793,510,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Nobuchi, A. (1974) Studies on Scolytidae XII. The bark beetles of the tribe Ipini in Japan. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station, 266, 33 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Nobuchi 1974</bibRefCitation>
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), but it has not been recorded again.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475FFFD9C7C7E53EFCB1FCC0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475FFFD9C7C7E53EFCB1FCC0" blockId="14.[151,1436,438,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C7C7E53EFEF2FDE8" bold="true" box="[199,295,546,571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Biology.</emphasis>
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The species attacks species of
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C581E53EFD6AFDE8" box="[641,703,546,571]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C581E53EFD6AFDE8" box="[641,703,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Abies</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and occasionally
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C48EE538FC1FFDE8" box="[910,970,548,571]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C48EE538FC1FFDE8" box="[910,970,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Larix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C4D9E538FBCCFDE8" box="[985,1049,548,571]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C4D9E538FBCCFDE8" box="[985,1049,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Picea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C34EE538FADEFDE8" box="[1102,1291,546,571]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C34EE538FB5BFDE8" box="[1102,1166,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pinus</emphasis>
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(Pinaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C219E53EFA42FDE8" author="Stark" box="[1305,1431,546,571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Stark, V. N. (1952) Fauna of the USSR, Coleoptera 31, Bark Beetles. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, 463 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1952">Stark 1952</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C797E55AFEF2FD8C" author="Pfeffer" box="[151,295,582,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Pfeffer, A. (1995) Zentral- und Westpalaarktische Borken- und Kernkafer. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Pro Entomologia, Basel, 310 pp." type="book" year="1995">Pfeffer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). No hosts have been recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C59DE55BFD1BFD8D" box="[669,718,583,606]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Iran</collectingCountry>
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. The biology of the species is described by
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C3B1E55AFABDFD8C" author="Chararas" box="[1201,1384,582,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Chararas, C. (1962) Etude biologique des scolytides des coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Series A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris, 556 pp." type="book" year="1962">Chararas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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, and the population dynamics during a mass outbreak in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C5F5E577FC88FD50" box="[757,861,619,643]" name="Germany" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Germany</collectingCountry>
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are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C330E577FB32FD50" author="Kraemer" box="[1072,1255,618,643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Kraemer, G. D. (1950) Der große Tannenborkenkafer, unter Berucksichtigung seiner beiden Verwandten und der Brutbaumdisposition. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 31, 349 - 430. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1950. tb 01222. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Kraemer (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C224E576FF31FD74" author="Hierholzer" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Hierholzer, O. (1954) Die Massenvermehrung der krummzahnigen Tannenborkenkafer in Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern von 1947 - 1950. In: Wellenstein, G. (Ed.), Die Grosse Borkenkaferkalamitat in Sudwestdeutschland 1944 - 1951. Forstschutzstelle Sudwest, Ringingen, pp. 329 - 385." type="book chapter" year="1954">Hierholzer (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C7F7E592FDA6FD74" author="Podlaski" box="[247,627,654,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Podlaski, R. & Borkowski, A. (2009) Estimating stem infestation density of Pityokteines curvidens (Germ.) on windfalls: a statistical approach. Journal of Pest Science, 82, 357 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 009 - 0266 - 9" type="journal article" year="2009">Podlaski and Borkowski (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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discuss methods of estimating attack density on fallen trees. The aggregation pheromone has been studied by
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C58FE5AEFCE9FD18" author="Harring" box="[655,828,690,715]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Harring, C. M. (1978) Aggregation pheromones of the European fir engraver beetles Pityokteines curvidens, P. spinidens and P. voronotzovi and the role of juvenile hormone in pheromone biosynthesis. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 85, 281 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1978. tb 04040. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Harring (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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. The species usually attacks weakened or dying trees, but can sometimes attack apparently healthy trees (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C5EBE5CAFC43FD3C" author="Chararas" box="[747,918,726,751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Chararas, C. (1962) Etude biologique des scolytides des coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Series A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris, 556 pp." type="book" year="1962">Chararas 1962</bibRefCitation>
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), and it is considered a damaging species to
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475FFFD9C797E5E6FF03FCC0" box="[151,214,762,787]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C797E5E6FF03FCC0" box="[151,214,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Abies</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe and
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475FFFD9C680E5E6FE05FCC0" box="[384,464,762,787]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C6DEE5E6FD53FCC0" author="Chararas" box="[478,646,762,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Chararas, C. (1962) Etude biologique des scolytides des coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Series A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris, 556 pp." type="book" year="1962">Chararas 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475FFFD9C591E5E6FC8CFCC0" author="Yildiz" box="[657,857,762,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Yildiz, O., Esen, D. & Akbulut, S. (2007) Effects of different ecological and silvicultural factors on beetle catches in the Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) ecosystems. Journal of Pest Science, 80, 145 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 007 - 0166 - 9" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Yildiz
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<emphasis id="D181F778475FFFD9C5DDE5E0FCD8FCC0" box="[733,781,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |