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<mods:title id="35DB5F1AF54A78FE09BB059FAC3BF214">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C4759FFDFC797E5A8FED2FBE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669397" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C4759FFDFC797E5A8FED2FBE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C4759FFDFC797E5A8FED2FBE7" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14759FFDFC797E5A8FD85FD1E" box="[151,592,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4759FFDFC797E5A8FD85FD1E" blockId="8.[151,592,692,717]" box="[151,592,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<heading id="B8029C064759FFDFC797E5A8FD85FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,592,692,717]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC797E5A8FD85FD1E" authority="D'Anthoine, 1788" authorityName="D'Anthoine" authorityYear="1788" box="[151,592,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylesinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toranio">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC797E5A8FD85FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,592,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC797E5A8FEB0FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,357,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Hylesinus toranio</emphasis>
(DAnthoine, 1788)
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14759FFDFC797E5E0FCECFC53" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4759FFDFC797E5E0FC4CFCC7" blockId="8.[151,1436,764,1076]" box="[151,921,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC797E5E0FE5FFCC6" bold="true" box="[151,394,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC64EE5E0FE50FCC6" box="[334,389,764,789]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC691E5E1FE6BFCC7" box="[401,446,765,788]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Iran</collectingCountry>
(no locality cited) (
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC59BE5E0FC59FCC7" author="Modarres" box="[667,908,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4759FFDFC7C7E403FCECFC53" blockId="8.[151,1436,764,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC7C7E403FE16FCEB" bold="true" box="[199,451,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">General distribution.</emphasis>
Europe, North Africa,
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC5C4E403FCD0FCEB" box="[708,773,799,824]" name="Israel" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC410E403FCA0FCEB" box="[784,885,799,824]" name="Lebanon" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC480E403FC07FCEB" box="[896,978,799,824]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Turkey</collectingCountry>
. Introduced into
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC38EE403FAD5FCEB" box="[1166,1280,799,824]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC20BE403FA9FFCEB" box="[1291,1354,799,824]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC255E43CFA4DFCE4" box="[1365,1432,800,823]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC797E458FECFFC8E" bold="true" box="[151,282,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
This species has often been referred to in the literature as
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC4B7E458FB4CFC8E" box="[951,1177,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylesinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleiperda">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC4B7E458FB4CFC8E" box="[951,1177,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Hylesinus oleiperda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.), but DAnthoines description has priority (
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC6A9E474FDE5FC53" author="Lesne" box="[425,560,872,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Lesne, P. (1908) Sur la nomenclature de divers insectes de l'Olivier. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1908, 29 - 31." type="journal article" year="1908">Lesne 1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC53CE47BFCF9FC53" author="Wood" box="[572,812,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Wood, S. L. &amp; Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553." type="journal article" year="1992">Wood &amp; Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14759FFDFC7C7E490FED2FBE7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4759FFDFC7C7E490FED2FBE7" blockId="8.[151,1436,764,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC7C7E490FEF2FC76" bold="true" box="[199,295,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Biology.</emphasis>
The species is a well-known pest of olive (
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC409E490FC74FC77" box="[777,929,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="europea">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC409E490FC74FC77" box="[777,929,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Olea europea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the Mediterranean region, but also breeds in other
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC7F9E4B3FEB5FC1B" box="[249,352,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC673E4ADFE0DFC1B" box="[371,472,945,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC673E4ADFE0DFC1B" box="[371,472,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fraxinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC6E9E4ACFD95FC14" box="[489,576,944,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Syringa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC6E9E4ACFD95FC14" box="[489,576,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Syringa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and there are occasional records from other host trees (
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC3D7E4B3FA8CFC1B" author="Stark" box="[1239,1369,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Stark, V. N. (1952) Fauna of the USSR, Coleoptera 31, Bark Beetles. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, 463 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1952">Stark 1952</bibRefCitation>
). It is recorded from
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94759FFDFC640E4C8FE0FFC3F" box="[320,474,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="europea">
<emphasis id="D181F7784759FFDFC640E4C8FE0FFC3F" box="[320,474,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Olea europea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4759FFDFC501E4C9FDFBFC3F" box="[513,558,981,1004]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC53EE4C8FCE6FC3F" author="Modarres" box="[574,819,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC448E4C9FC37FC3F" author="Russo" box="[840,994,980,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Russo, G. (1932) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Coleotteri Scolitidi. III. Ilesinini dell'olivo. Note biologiche. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria del R. Istituto Superiore Agrario di Portici, 26, 87 - 101." type="journal article" year="1932">Russo (1932)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC4EFE4C8FB4BFC3F" author="Nuzzaci" box="[1007,1182,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Nuzzaci, G. (1972) Contributo alla conoscenza dell' Hylesinus oleiperda Fabr. Entomologica, Bari, 8, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="1972">Nuzzaci (1972)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4759FFDFC3D8E4C8FA8BFC3F" author="Graf" box="[1240,1374,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refString="Graf, P. (1977) Ein Beitrag zur Biologie und Bekampfung von Hylesinus oleiperda F. (Coleopt., Scolytidae) auf Olive in der Tadla (Marokko). Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 83, 52 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1977. tb 02374. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Graf (1977)</bibRefCitation>
have made detailed studies of the biology of the species, including its natural enemies, and suggested possible control measures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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