354 lines
38 KiB
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354 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="43A4F8C05E46F78E3F1115324AF0408B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C4745FFC3C797E4F1FD12F825" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scolytus rugulosus Muller 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="421" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="421" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="42D39B149F8DCE430118EF32564620D0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA23EDB998595B77DD4A2758BD58BF48">
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<mods:title id="1796D7028F5A351A1331909B29A580CB">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9999AADCDB178C6365BFA0865F6B9589" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4C034EB1F6707D87B9858C24C4DB8187">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5402182F1B59D061C44C12C4CCE6CB6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="012DDBFF6873E26F5BC56AD5AAFE6E3D">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C2F871C3C16D5CBC2E57594D543DF885" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EF9A1A26F14320954417D59817E3C119">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9CDFB1B449144417F4EDFF594A7CC68E">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F8BF2E956B05B0E84165466B5B51A743" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CF83BF73F67668E35DABBE171FDFA9FB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="047FD5FE092976F04B22C1EA50B36086">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1D72D9BA79AE6F4F1412D83838E57093">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EA1B83B820F081EF26379BB4FC56211E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5123A70B4A629D5BE5203FF802C08DEC">
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<mods:title id="79DAC00C012CDAE04F91615E66E01125">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4308807254B88C7259144C9C76854608">
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<mods:date id="A974FD2C9847F5771A508D1057457818">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6BF115A86C3A8C2A53B9715AFAC634FA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17921F5407DEB8BD54B40007EC7B1CDA">4098</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="87E97D76B6927C900675DFEACF6E1E8F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6FECC7057F8EFA5D1EC81CC28BEC8477">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A9F7F643F75FC8A822ABCB30FDBEF2CF">401</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C61DAA77A880B2C4EB40046B0EBECCDB">441</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5BBF152EF61842C742AE2443013178E8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="772E9D7E97A0D7A61A8BED60A2F6F838" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C4745FFC3C797E4F1FD12F825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669500" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C4745FFC3C797E4F1FD12F825" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C4745FFC3C797E4F1FD12F825" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14745FFC3C797E4F1FDF4FBD5" box="[151,545,1005,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C797E4F1FDF4FBD5" blockId="20.[151,545,1005,1030]" box="[151,545,1005,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<heading id="B8029C064745FFC3C797E4F1FDF4FBD5" bold="true" box="[151,545,1005,1030]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C797E4F1FDF4FBD5" ID-CoL="4VTNR" authority="Muller, 1818" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,545,1005,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E4F1FDF4FBD5" bold="true" box="[151,545,1005,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E4F1FEA4FBD5" bold="true" box="[151,369,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Scolytus rugulosus</emphasis>
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(Müller, 1818)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14745FFC3C797E329FDC4FAF5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C797E329FE27FB0D" blockId="20.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E329FE41FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,404,1077,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C658E329FE5AFB9D" box="[344,399,1077,1102]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Ardabil (Basir
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C551E32AFD52FB9D" box="[593,647,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013), East Azarbaijan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Tehran, Zanjan, central and northern provinces (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C5B0E345FC49FBA1" author="Modarres" box="[688,924,1113,1138]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4C1E345FB34FBA1" box="[961,1249,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ruguloscolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4C1E345FB34FBA1" box="[961,1249,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ruguloscolytus rugulosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), Guilan (Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E362FF18FB45" box="[151,205,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C62EE361FDDCFB45" author="Amini" box="[302,521,1149,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C683E362FE6CFB45" box="[387,441,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Semnan (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C591E361FC84FB45" author="Borumand" box="[657,849,1149,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), West Azarbaijan (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C33EE361FACEFB45" author="Samin" box="[1086,1307,1149,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Samin
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C395E362FB19FB45" box="[1173,1228,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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), generally distributed (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C61EE3BDFDD8FB69" author="Modarres" box="[286,525,1185,1210]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C534E3BDFBFDFB69" authority="Eggers, 1922" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1922" box="[564,1064,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ruguloscolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C534E3BDFC5DFB69" box="[564,904,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus</emphasis>
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Eggers, 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C33CE3BEFBBCFB6A" box="[1084,1129,1186,1209]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(no locality cited) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C249E3BDFE92FB0D" author="Mifsud" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Mifsud, D. & Knizek, M. (2009) The bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 2, 25 - 52." type="journal article" year="2009">Mifsud & Knížek 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C652E3D9FE33FB0D" author="Knizek" box="[338,486,1221,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Knizek, M. (2011) Platypodinae and Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 201 - 251." type="book" year="2011">Knížek 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C7C7E3F5FDC4FAF5" blockId="20.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C7C7E3F5FE16FAD1" bold="true" box="[199,451,1257,1282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">General distribution.</emphasis>
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Europe, North Africa, through Central Asia to
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C4D4E3F5FB94FAD1" box="[980,1089,1257,1282]" name="Mongolia" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C377E3F5FB6BFAD1" box="[1143,1214,1257,1282]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">China</collectingCountry>
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. Introduced into the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14745FFC3C7C7E22DFE87F961" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C7C7E22DFE87F961" blockId="20.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C7C7E22DFEF2FA99" bold="true" box="[199,295,1329,1354]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Biology.</emphasis>
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This species can breed in a large variety of host trees in different families, but primarily breeds in genera of
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C606E24AFEA5FABE" box="[262,368,1366,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C67EE249FDE7FABD" author="Michalski" box="[382,562,1365,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Michalski, J. (1973) Revision of the palearctic species of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 214 pp., 49 pls." type="book" year="1973">Michalski 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C53DE249FD18FABD" author="Pfeffer" box="[573,717,1365,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Pfeffer, A. (1995) Zentral- und Westpalaarktische Borken- und Kernkafer. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Pro Entomologia, Basel, 310 pp." type="book" year="1995">Pfeffer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C46EE24AFC4EFABE" box="[878,923,1366,1389]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4DFE24AFB53FABE" box="[991,1158,1366,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cerasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avium">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4DFE24AFB53FABE" box="[991,1158,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cerasus avium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C394E24AFADDFABE" box="[1172,1288,1366,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Crataegus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C394E24AFADDFABE" box="[1172,1288,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Crataegus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C23DE249FF26FA41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cydonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C23DE249FF26FA41" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cydonia oblonga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C601E265FE15FA41" box="[257,448,1401,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C601E265FE15FA41" box="[257,448,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Malus domestica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C6CFE266FDB5FA41" box="[463,608,1401,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C6CFE266FDB5FA41" box="[463,608,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">M. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C56FE265FD60FA41" box="[623,693,1401,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C56FE265FD60FA41" box="[623,693,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Malus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C5ECE265FC04FA42" box="[748,977,1401,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Mespilus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germanica">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C5ECE265FC04FA42" box="[748,977,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Mespilus germanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4DFE266FB4DFA41" box="[991,1176,1401,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Persica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4DFE266FB4DFA41" box="[991,1176,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Persica vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C3A7E266FAADFA41" box="[1191,1400,1401,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C3A7E266FAADFA41" box="[1191,1400,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Prunus amygdalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C287E266FEDAFA66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C287E266FEDAFA66" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. armeniaca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C61CE282FE5BFA66" box="[284,398,1438,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C61CE282FE5BFA66" box="[284,398,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. cerasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C69BE282FDF1FA66" box="[411,548,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. c om m u ni s</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C536E282FD16FA65" box="[566,707,1437,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C536E282FD16FA65" box="[566,707,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. domestica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C5D1E282FCEAFA66" box="[721,831,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. s pi no s a</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C450E282FC74FA66" box="[848,929,1438,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C450E282FC74FA66" box="[848,929,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Prunus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4D5E282FB5AFA66" box="[981,1167,1438,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4D5E282FB5AFA66" box="[981,1167,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Pyrus communis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C39DE281FB3EFA65" box="[1181,1259,1437,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Sorbus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C39DE281FB3EFA65" box="[1181,1259,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Sorbus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C220E282FA45FA65" box="[1312,1424,1438,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C797E2DDFF02FA09" box="[151,215,1473,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E2DDFF02FA09" box="[151,215,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Alnus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C620E2DDFE74FA09" box="[288,417,1473,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C6BEE2DEFCC5FA09" box="[446,784,1473,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C6BEE2DEFD55FA09" box="[446,640,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
|
|
(Fagaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C424E2DEFBBEFA09" box="[804,1131,1473,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C424E2DEFC04FA09" box="[804,977,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Laurus nobilis</emphasis>
|
|
(Lauraceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C380E2DDFB1CFA09" box="[1152,1225,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C380E2DDFB1CFA09" box="[1152,1225,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ulmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C3DAE2DEFAD1FA0A" box="[1242,1284,1474,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">spp</taxonomicName>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C221E2DDFA40FA09" box="[1313,1429,1473,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C79EE2F9FE5AFA2D" author="Modarres" box="[158,399,1509,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C69BE2F9FDB6FA2D" author="Samin" box="[411,611,1509,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
Samin
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C6E9E2FAFDCEFA2D" box="[489,539,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2011
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C56FE2F9FCEDFA2D" author="Amini" box="[623,824,1509,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Amini
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C5BDE2FAFD38FA2D" box="[701,749,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Basir
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C486E2FAFC63FA2D" box="[902,950,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2013). The biology was studied in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C24CE2FAFAACFA2E" box="[1356,1401,1510,1533]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
by Shojai (1963 as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C659E115FD14F9F1" authority="Eggers" authorityName="Eggers" box="[345,705,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C659E115FDB1F9F1" box="[345,612,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Scolytus mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
|
Eggers
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and is summarised by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C4E5E115FAF5F9F1" author="Smith" box="[997,1312,1545,1570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. (2014) A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 450, 1 - 182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 450.7452" type="journal article" year="2014">Smith and Cognato (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C22FE115FF34F995" author="Schvester" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Schvester, D. (1957) Contribution a l'etude ecologique des coleopteres scolytides. Essai d'analyse des facteurs de fluctuation des populations chez Ruguloscolytus rugulosus Muller 1818. Annales des Epiphyties, 8, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1957">Schvester (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
analyses the roles of climatic and biological factors on the population dynamics of the species. It is economically important as a pest of rosaceous fruit trees (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C465E14DFB94F9B9" author="Balachowsky" box="[869,1089,1617,1642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1949) Colopteres Scolytides. Faune de France, 50, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1949">Balachowsky 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C34FE14DFB20F9B9" author="Kadyrov" box="[1103,1269,1617,1642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Kadyrov, A. Kh. (1989) On the bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of southwestern Tajikistan. Entomological Review, 68, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="1989">Kadyrov 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C203E14DFF06F95D" author="Mendel" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Mendel, Z., Ben-Yehada, S, Marcus, S. & Nestel, D. (1997) Distribution and extent of damage by Scolytus spp. to stone and fruit orchards in Israel. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 17, 175 - 181. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1742758400016349" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
|
Mendel
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C262E14EFA40F9B9" box="[1378,1429,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1997
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It usually attacks stressed trees, but sometimes when abundant is able to attack apparently healthy trees (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C79EE185FE90F961" author="Kadyrov" box="[158,325,1689,1714]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Kadyrov, A. Kh. (1989) On the bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of southwestern Tajikistan. Entomological Review, 68, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="1989">Kadyrov 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14745FFC3C7C7E1A1FD12F825" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C7C7E1A1FC95F859" blockId="20.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C7C7E1A1FE9AF905" bold="true" box="[199,335,1725,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|
Pteromalid wasps (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C557E1A2FD23F905" box="[599,758,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C40FE1A1FC7DF905" box="[783,936,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4C9E1A1FA8BF905" authority="Forster, 1856" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[969,1374,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heydenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4C9E1A1FB70F906" box="[969,1189,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Heydenia pretiosa</emphasis>
|
|
Förster, 1856
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C797E1FDFD4DF929" authority="Howard, 1881" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,664,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Anisopteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calandrae">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C797E1FDFE06F929" box="[151,467,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Anisopteromalus calandrae</emphasis>
|
|
(Howard, 1881)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are parasitoids in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C47FE1FEFC79F92A" box="[895,940,1762,1785]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C4C0E1FDFB32F929" author="Davatchi" box="[960,1255,1761,1786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Davatchi, A. & Shojai, M. (1968) Les Hymenopteres entomophages de l'Iran - etudes faunistiques. Proceedings of the 1 st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, 1968, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1968">Davatchi & Shojai 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C3F9E1FDFA42F929" author="Radjabi" box="[1273,1431,1761,1786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Radjabi, Gh. (1991) Insects attacking rosaceous fruit trees in Iran. Vol. 1. Coleoptera. 2 nd Edition. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, Tehran, 221 pp." type="book" year="1991">Radjabi 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C797E019FE5DF8CD" author="Modarres" box="[151,392,1797,1822]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C6B4E01AFD5FF8CD" authority="Ruschka" authorityName="Ruschka" box="[436,650,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Anisopteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C6B4E01AFDCEF8CD" box="[436,539,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">A. mollis</emphasis>
|
|
Ruschka
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), together with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C441E019FACEF8CD" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[833,1307,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Cheiropachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrum">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C441E019FB98F8CD" box="[833,1101,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cheiropachus quadrum</emphasis>
|
|
(Fabricius, 1787)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C24BE01AFF3FF892" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C24BE01AFF3FF892" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Prunus persica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C61FE036FE02F891" box="[287,471,1833,1858]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Persica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C61FE036FE02F891" box="[287,471,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Persica vulgaris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C6E5E035FD57F891" author="Ghahari" box="[485,642,1833,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Ghahari, H. (2004) Notes on fifteen species of parasitoids and one species of hyperparasitoid (Pteromalidae & Encyrtidae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 71, 33 - 34." type="journal article" year="2004">Ghahari 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C58EE035FC4CF891" author="Ghahari" box="[654,921,1833,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Ghahari, H. & Huang, J. (2012) A study of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from western and northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64, 353 - 357. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 1201353 G" type="journal article" year="2012">Ghahari & Huang 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4ACE036FAF3F891" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[940,1318,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dinotiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colon">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C4ACE036FBBDF891" box="[940,1128,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Dinotiscus colon</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C235E035FEE9F8B5" author="Davatchi" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Davatchi, A. & Shojai, M. (1968) Les Hymenopteres entomophages de l'Iran - etudes faunistiques. Proceedings of the 1 st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, 1968, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1968">Davatchi & Shojai 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C646E051FE19F8B5" author="Shojai" box="[326,460,1869,1894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Shojai, M. (1998) Entomology (Ethology, Social Life and Natural Enemies) (Biological Control) III. Tehran University Publications, 1681, 1 - 550." type="journal article" year="1998">Shojai 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C6F0E051FD05F8B5" box="[496,720,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Cheiropachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colon">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C6F0E051FD05F8B5" box="[496,720,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cheiropachus colon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L.),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C405E051FB4CF8B5" authority="Walker 1834" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" box="[773,1177,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Rhaphitelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C405E051FBD0F8B5" box="[773,1029,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Rhaphitelus maculatus</emphasis>
|
|
Walker 1834
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on dead wood of apple (Shojai 1963, 1998;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C67CE06DFD5BF859" author="Davatchi" box="[380,654,1905,1930]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Davatchi, A. & Shojai, M. (1968) Les Hymenopteres entomophages de l'Iran - etudes faunistiques. Proceedings of the 1 st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, 1968, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1968">Davatchi & Shojai 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C59AE06DFCE1F859" author="Radjabi" box="[666,820,1905,1930]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Radjabi, Gh. (1991) Insects attacking rosaceous fruit trees in Iran. Vol. 1. Coleoptera. 2 nd Edition. Plant Pests and Disease Research Institute Publication, Tehran, 221 pp." type="book" year="1991">Radjabi 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4745FFC3C7C7E089FD12F825" blockId="20.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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Additionally,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C662E089FCD7F87D" authority="Kokujev, 1898" authorityName="Kokujev" authorityYear="1898" box="[354,770,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Atanycolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivanowi">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C662E089FD94F87E" box="[354,577,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Atanycolus ivanowi</emphasis>
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(Kokujev, 1898)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(
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|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C413E08AFC67F87D" box="[787,946,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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|
:
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|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C4BDE089FBEAF87D" box="[957,1087,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
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|
) is distributed in most regions of
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|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4745FFC3C7B6E0A6FF36F802" box="[182,227,1978,2001]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(
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|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4745FFC3C7F2E0A5FDC8F801" author="Gadallah" box="[242,541,1977,2002]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Gadallah, N. S. & Ghahari, H. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomofauna, 36, 121 - 176." type="journal article" year="2015">Gadallah & Ghahari 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), and is a parasitoid of
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|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94745FFC3C426E0A5FA4DF801" authority="Eggers (Shenefelt 1978)" authorityName="Eggers (Shenefelt" authorityYear="1978" box="[806,1432,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ruguloscolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
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|
<emphasis id="D181F7784745FFC3C426E0A5FBAEF801" box="[806,1147,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus</emphasis>
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|
Eggers (Shenefelt 1978)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Its role as a natural enemy should be investigated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |