241 lines
26 KiB
XML
241 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="6ABBDB3491E08CACF74AE9AD894ED3F5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C4744FFC1C797E093FB68FD3C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="423" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="6E5BB2B0506638FF3BB3424C9497F8BF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="1957C276D9DD552537AF0B02CC128DA2">
|
|
<mods:title id="41EEB08B5742B6FF28645380C9BC8373">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="2AF6CBBA87DB8E69009E771476A1EC65" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="F6429B5A429EE207954E694A8B706AC1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="81DDB817F495F34B4E99426C51E89327">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="9AF2C889F3A77DDFDBF981D84B0D1696">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="327944B4406F68CEFF2E885415730EC1" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="E90033B03D082A107EEA20E24E37D56B">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D82F6F2BF1FBCF60B7848AB12E6665DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="F9E41871B5BF59710D1B5B2D55D4658F">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="EDF5D32D6E65D8F9B7F2BB5F8BBF97E0" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="28FA0A20306C871900F6F8033CBCAE19">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C7C3FA6AB0DAE51E09AC181624B71C37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="5C368230DC0CC9B1A7F731BDE31DD880">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="09D9B7BDE5E223CBB38781CD2E65B274">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="31361E5D533126315FCEDE47FB973BD5" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="BAD9E69DCFAD8037E2CEF8A3358E14D5">
|
|
<mods:title id="CBA507A31EA542FDB62608AC8F03CA9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="4DB027D31852148B352AE54F91AE5DC8">
|
|
<mods:date id="41F03AF370875C6237F344A64BFAF460">2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="405A7473F709277090A3D910E63031A7" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="E552ACAA1CDC9B7FFD604531F7012BB7">4098</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="2C77A012CD4FF48836B06D21A6DCFD89" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="E2357FD7148F308C3F457F2590798230">3</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="66B02351A109C0C9FF5C2AB7D47EDC41" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="F5E0CA37E7ECD187833BE0CC05370AAB">401</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="89F9C799988EFBBBE980A47B66B4F280">441</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="36819DFD15877E472B3DE78A7ED3F374">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="8B9E0D27DDB56E9C6D152A8B18005315" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2A8852612A9FAAF075E39C77A8B388F6" type="GBIF-Dataset">8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="352964598CC8BA673C90C2028902BC5A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="AC5443E7F9F131CB3C29410F7EBC9216" type="Zenodo-Dep">258895</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="211C933F9471A5BF625A4901EFEDBFBA" type="ZooBank">00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="6B5C9A7C4744FFC1C797E093FB68FD3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669511" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C4744FFC1C797E093FB68FD3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C4744FFC1C797E093FB68FD3C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14744FFC2C797E093FDA4F87B" box="[151,625,1935,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4744FFC2C797E093FDA4F87B" blockId="21.[151,625,1935,1960]" box="[151,625,1935,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
|
<heading id="B8029C064744FFC2C797E093FDA4F87B" bold="true" box="[151,625,1935,1960]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" reason="2">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94744FFC2C797E093FDA4F87B" authority="Ratzeburg, 1837" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,625,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxesenii">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784744FFC2C797E093FDA4F87B" bold="true" box="[151,625,1935,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784744FFC2C797E093FE41F87B" bold="true" box="[151,404,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Xyleborinus saxesenii</emphasis>
|
|
(Ratzeburg, 1837)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C797E78BFE8BFECE" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C797E78BFD86FF07" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E78BFE58FF63" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
|
Distribution in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C651E78BFE5DFF63" box="[337,392,151,176]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Generally distributed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C594E78BFC51FF63" author="Modarres" box="[660,900,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4ABE78BFB51FF63" box="[939,1156,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxeseni">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C4ABE78BFB51FF63" box="[939,1156,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Xyleborus saxeseni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C39DE784FB1FFF7C" box="[1181,1226,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
(no locality cited) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C79EE7A0FE7CFF07" author="Mifsud" box="[158,425,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Mifsud, D. & Knizek, M. (2009) The bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 2, 25 - 52." type="journal article" year="2009">Mifsud & Knížek 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C6B4E7A0FD92FF07" author="Knizek" box="[436,583,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Knizek, M. (2011) Platypodinae and Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 201 - 251." type="book" year="2011">Knížek 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C7C7E7C3FE8BFECE" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C7C7E7C3FE16FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,451,223,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">General distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
Throughout the Palaearctic region. Introduced into North and South
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C3C7E7C3FAFFFF2B" box="[1223,1322,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C3C7E7C3FAFFFF2B" box="[1223,1322,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C235E7C3FA49FF2B" box="[1333,1436,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C7C6E618FE8CFECE" box="[198,345,260,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C7C7E63BFA40FD7B" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C7C7E63BFA40FD7B" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C7C7E63BFEF2FE93" bold="true" box="[199,295,295,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Biology.</emphasis>
|
|
It attacks a wide range of trees in many different families, including both conifers and angiosperms (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C79EE650FE43FEB7" author="Wood" box="[158,406,332,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553." type="journal article" year="1992">Wood & Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Recorded in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C53DE651FDBFFEB7" box="[573,618,333,356]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C5B2E650FD27FEB6" box="[690,754,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C5B2E650FD27FEB6" box="[690,754,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Alnus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C42AE650FB51FEB6" box="[810,1156,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C42AE650FC3EFEB6" box="[810,1003,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
|
|
(Betulaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C391E651FA92FEB7" box="[1169,1351,333,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C391E651FA92FEB7" box="[1169,1351,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C256E651FE5BFE5B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C256E651FED6FE5B" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
|
|
(Fagaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6A0E673FD2CFE5B" box="[416,761,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6A0E673FDEAFE5B" box="[416,575,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Juglans regia</emphasis>
|
|
(Juglandaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C40BE66DFBBBFE5B" box="[779,1134,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C40BE66DFC36FE5B" box="[779,995,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
|
|
(Oleaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C380E673FAF7FE5B" box="[1152,1314,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C380E673FAF7FE5B" box="[1152,1314,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Malus pumila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C237E673FEDAFE7F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Mespilus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germanica">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C237E673FEDAFE7F" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Mespilus germanica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C61EE689FEBAFE7F" box="[286,367,405,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C61EE689FEBAFE7F" box="[286,367,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Prunus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6A8E689FD39FE7F" box="[424,748,404,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6A8E689FDB1FE7F" box="[424,612,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Pyrus communis</emphasis>
|
|
(Rosaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C5F9E688FC80FE7E" box="[761,853,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C5F9E688FC80FE7E" box="[761,853,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Populus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C48DE688FC10FE7E" box="[909,965,404,429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C48DE688FC10FE7E" box="[909,965,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4FFE688FBAEFE7E" box="[1023,1147,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C390E688FB10FE78" box="[1168,1221,404,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C390E688FB10FE78" box="[1168,1221,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Acer</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C3FEE688FA45FE7E" box="[1278,1424,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C797E6ABFE03FE03" box="[151,470,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="begonifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E6ABFE86FE03" box="[151,339,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Tilia begonifolia</emphasis>
|
|
(Tiliaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6E2E6ABFDFEFE03" box="[482,555,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6E2E6ABFDFEFE03" box="[482,555,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Ulmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C533E6A4FD88FE1C" box="[563,605,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">spp</taxonomicName>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C571E6ABFD30FE03" box="[625,741,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C5FCE6ABFC25FE03" author="Modarres" box="[764,1008,439,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The biology of the species has been studied by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C621E6C0FE1AFE26" author="Fischer" box="[289,463,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Fischer, M. (1954) Untersuchungen uber den kleinen Holzbohrer (Xyleborinus saxeseni Ratz.). Pflanzenschutzberichte, 12, 137 - 180." type="journal article" year="1954">Fischer (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C6E3E6C1FD54FE27" author="Egger" box="[483,641,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Egger, A. (1973) Beitrage zur Biologie und Bekampfung von Xyleborus (Anisandrus) dispar F. und X. saxeseni Ratz. (Col., Scolytidae). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzen- und Umweltschutz, 46, 183 - 186." type="journal article" year="1973">Egger (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C595E6C0FC85FE27" author="Hosking" box="[661,848,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Hosking, G. P. (1973) Xyleborus saxeseni, its life-history and flight behaviour in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 3, 37 - 53." type="journal article" year="1973">Hosking (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C464E6C1FB4AFE27" author="Peer" box="[868,1183,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Peer, K. & Taborsky, M. (2007) Delayed dispersal as a potential route to cooperative breeding in ambrosia beetles. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 729 - 739. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 006 - 0303 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">Peer and Taborsky (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C3B3E6C0FA4DFE27" author="Biedermann" box="[1203,1432,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Biedermann, P. H. W. (2010) Observations on sex ratioand behaviour of males in Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Scolytinae, Coleoptera). ZooKeys, 56, 253 - 267. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 56.530" type="journal article" year="2010">Biedermann (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C797E6E3FE2AFDCB" author="Biedermann" box="[151,511,511,536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Biedermann, P. H. W. & Taborsky, M. (2011) Larval helpers and age polyethism in ambrosia beetles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 108, 17064 - 17069. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1107758108" type="journal article" year="2011">Biedermann & Taborsky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and others. The larvae enlarge the gallery system as they develop, and frequently feed on fungus-infested wood rather than the ambrosia fungus alone (Wood 1982;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C34AE538FA89FDEF" author="Biedermann" box="[1098,1372,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Biedermann, P. H. W., Klepzig, K. D. & Taborsky, M. (2009) Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles: behavior and laboratory breeding success in three xyleborine species. Environmental Entomology, 38, 1096 - 1105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 022.038.0417" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Biedermann
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C3DCE539FADBFDEE" box="[1244,1294,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The species is strongly attracted to ethanol (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C589E55BFC0FFDB3" author="Markalas" box="[649,986,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Markalas, S. & Kalapanida, M. (1997) Flight pattern of some Scolytidae attracted to flight barrier traps baited with ethanol in an oak forest in Greece. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 70, 55 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01996922" type="journal article" year="1997">Markalas & Kalapanida 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C4E7E55BFB21FDB3" author="Saruhan" box="[999,1268,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Saruhan, I. & Akyol, H. (2012) Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 4202 - 4207." type="journal article" year="2012">Saruhan & Akyol 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is a pest of hazelnut in the Mediterranean area (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C53DE570FC86FD57" author="Saruhan" box="[573,851,620,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Saruhan, I. & Akyol, H. (2012) Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 4202 - 4207." type="journal article" year="2012">Saruhan & Akyol 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and of stressed trees in fruit orchards and forest plantations. Damage to timber is also caused by the galleries and associated staining of the wood (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C3E1E593FA5CFD7B" author="Chararas" box="[1249,1417,655,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Chararas, C. (1962) Etude biologique des scolytides des coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Series A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris, 556 pp." type="book" year="1962">Chararas 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C7C7E5A8FB68FD3C" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C7C7E5A8FB68FD3C" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C7C7E5A8FE9AFD1E" bold="true" box="[199,335,692,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C656E5A8FD28FD1E" authority="Boucek, 1965" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1965" box="[342,765,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Nikolskayana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C656E5A8FD8EFD1E" box="[342,603,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Nikolskayana mirabilis</emphasis>
|
|
Bouček, 1965
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C40CE5A8FC7FFD1F" box="[780,938,692,716]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4B6E5A8FB99FD1E" box="[950,1100,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) was recorded by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C219E5A8FEF5FD23" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Huang, J. & Boucek, Z. (2005) New records of aphelinid and pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83, 1619 - 1623." type="journal article">
|
|
Abd-Rabou
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E5C5FF1DFD23" box="[151,200,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2005)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C657E5CBFDA4FD23" author="Ghahari" box="[343,625,727,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Ghahari, H. & Huang, J. (2012) A study of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from western and northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64, 353 - 357. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 1201353 G" type="journal article" year="2012">Ghahari & Huang (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as a parasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C43DE5C5FC16FD23" box="[829,963,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxesenii">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C43DE5C5FC16FD23" box="[829,963,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">X. saxesenii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4EDE5C5FBEBFD23" box="[1005,1086,729,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C4EDE5C5FBEBFD23" box="[1005,1086,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Prunus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C389E5C4FB6CFD3C" box="[1161,1209,728,751]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |