treatments-xml/data/51/33/87/513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2.xml

<document ID-ISSN="1982-0224" approvalRequired="33" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="30" checkinTime="1630381096231" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Carvalho, Tiago Pinto &amp; Reis, Roberto E." docDate="2011" docId="513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2011.1.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hisonotus heterogaster Carvalho &amp; Reis 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="AD0AFF821B02FFA227175732C044FFEB" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hisonotus Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1630391647064" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic review of Hisonotus Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Tiago Pinto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reis, Roberto E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection box="[931,1329,885,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="39.[931,1329,885,936]" box="[931,1329,885,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading box="[931,1329,885,904]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[931,1329,885,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho &amp; Reis, 2011" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Reis" authorityYear="2011" box="[931,1187,885,904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[931,1187,885,904]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1199,1329,885,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="39.[931,1329,885,936]" box="[1003,1257,917,936]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1003,1257,917,936]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation box="[1003,1093,917,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[129,170,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[137,762,188,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-309@5.[129,772,174,1533]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Lateral view of left side lateral plate series. a. Hisonotus nigricauda, MCP 40761, 37.4 mm SL. b. Hisonotus laevior, MCP 23854, 41.8 mm SL. c. Hisonotus notopagos, MCP 25924, 44.4 mm SL. d. Hisonotus carreiro, MCP 40945, 31.2 mm SL. e. Hisonotus prata, MCP 22204, 28.9 mm SL. f. Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, 41.3 mm SL. g. Hisonotus brunneus, MCP 22701, 40.1 mm SL. h. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.8 mm SL. Anterior portion toward left. Scale bars = 4 mm." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs. 4h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1103,1133,917,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[129,168,1074,1093]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,171,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-348@7.[197,1387,166,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 8. Arrangement of abdominal plates. a. Hisonotus nigricauda, MCP 40761, 37.4 mm SL. b. Hisonotus laevior, MAPA 1755, 35.3 mm SL. c. Hisonotus notopagos, MCP 25924, 44.4 mm SL. d. Hisonotus carreiro, MCP 40954, 31.2 mm SL. e. Hisonotus prata, MCP 22204, 28.9 mm SL. f. Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, 41.3 mm SL. g. Hisonotus brunneus, MCP 22701, 40.1 mm SL. h. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.8 mm SL. Anterior portion toward top. Scale bars = 2 mm." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">8h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1143,1171,917,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,1346,1365]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-274@40.[136,1459,174,1325]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 42. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 44514, holotype, female, 43.0 mm SL.Arroio Felício on road from Nova Palma to Júlio de Castilhos, Júlio de Castilhos, Brazil." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">42</figureCitation>
, and 43
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="39.[809,1453,1128,1289]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation box="[809,1449,1128,1145]" collectorName="All" country="Brazil" location="rio Jacui" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,919,1128,1145]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus box="[809,915,1128,1145]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName box="[925,956,1128,1145]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">All</collectorName>
from 
<collectingCountry box="[1013,1075,1128,1145]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1084,1265,1128,1145]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2:DC4560371B25FF8523EE535AC508FB92" box="[1273,1356,1128,1145]" country="Brazil" name="rio Jacui" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Jacuí</location>
drainage
</materialsCitation>
: 
<materialsCitation box="[809,1158,1157,1174]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="ANSP 188706, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[809,951,1157,1174]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ANSP 188706</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[961,974,1157,1174]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[985,1122,1157,1174]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.89" metricValueMax="4.07" metricValueMin="3.71" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="38.9" valueMax="40.7" valueMin="37.1">37.1-40.7 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 41073" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<accessionNumber box="[1167,1287,1157,1174]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP41073" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectionCode box="[1167,1218,1157,1174]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MCP</collectionCode>
41073
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1296,1308,1157,1174]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5</specimenCode>
+ 2 c&amp;s, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.084999999999999" metricValueMax="4.43" metricValueMin="3.7399999999999998" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="40.849999999999994" valueMax="44.3" valueMin="37.4">37.4- 44.3 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="MZUSP 104948, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[940,1101,1185,1202]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MZUSP 104948</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1110,1123,1185,1202]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1133,1270,1185,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1049999999999995" metricValueMax="4.13" metricValueMin="4.08" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="41.05" valueMax="41.3" valueMin="40.8">40.8-41.3 mm</quantity>
SL; collected with the 
<typeStatus box="[843,931,1214,1231]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 26802" collectingDate="2000-11-28" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<accessionNumber box="[938,1056,1214,1231]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP26802" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectionCode box="[938,988,1214,1231]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MCP</collectionCode>
26802
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1064,1076,1214,1231]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1</specimenCode>
, 43.0 mm SL, collected at type locality, 
<date box="[809,936,1243,1260]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2000-11-28">
<collectingDate box="[809,936,1243,1260]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2000-11-28">28 Nov 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, L. 
<materialsCitation box="[971,1105,1243,1260]" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" location="Malabarba" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[971,990,1243,1260]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2:DC4560371B25FF8524F153E9C415FB07" box="[998,1105,1243,1260]" country="Brazil" name="Malabarba" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Malabarba</location>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation box="[1113,1421,1243,1260]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Bertaco &amp; M. A. Azevedo" country="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[1113,1131,1243,1260]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. A. 
<collectorName box="[1165,1243,1243,1260]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bertaco</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1252,1400,1243,1260]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M. A. Azevedo</collectorName>
, J
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="R" collectorName="H. Bastos" country="Brazil" location="Ricken" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[1429,1448,1243,1260]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[809,904,1272,1289]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. Bastos</collectorName>
&amp; C. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513387FA1B25FF8824B45447C147FCC2:DC4560371B25FF8524D353CAC448FAE2" box="[964,1036,1272,1289]" country="Brazil" name="Ricken" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Ricken</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="39.[809,1452,1333,1704]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,924,1333,1352]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Reis" authorityYear="2011" box="[929,1174,1333,1352]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[929,1174,1333,1352]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its congeners, except from 
<taxonomicName box="[942,1010,1365,1384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aky">
<emphasis box="[942,961,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[973,1010,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">aky</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1022,1153,1365,1384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis box="[1022,1041,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1053,1153,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1284,1365,1384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carreiro">
<emphasis box="[1165,1184,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1196,1284,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">carreiro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Almiron, Azpelicueta, Casciotta &amp; Litz" authorityYear="2006" box="[1296,1414,1365,1384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
<emphasis box="[1296,1315,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1327,1414,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">charrua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Reis" authorityYear="2011" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[1425,1444,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[809,945,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[961,1073,1397,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevior">
<emphasis box="[961,980,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[997,1073,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">laevior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Reis" authorityYear="2009" box="[1090,1252,1397,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaloplax">
<emphasis box="[1090,1109,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1126,1252,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">megaloplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Reis" authorityYear="2009" box="[1268,1409,1397,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis box="[1268,1287,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1304,1409,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
<emphasis box="[1425,1444,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[809,927,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">nigricauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[944,1092,1429,1448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notopagos">
<emphasis box="[944,963,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[980,1092,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">notopagos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1202,1429,1448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prata">
<emphasis box="[1109,1128,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1144,1202,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">prata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1219,1360,1429,1448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ringueleti">
<emphasis box="[1219,1238,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1255,1360,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ringueleti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": MAPA" authorityYear="1054" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taimensis">
<emphasis box="[1426,1445,1429,1448]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[809,911,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">taimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the anterior margin of the snout with an odontode-free band (
<figureCitation box="[1029,1108,1493,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[129,167,1878,1897]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,962,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-423@41.[129,772,962,1850]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 43. Scanning electron micrograph of snout anterior rostral margin of Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.3 mm SL. a. Anterior view of rostrum; b. Magnification of medial portion." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis box="[1125,1147,1493,1512]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">vs</emphasis>
. anterior margin of the snout completely covered by odontodes. It differ from those above by its lack of the median abdominal plate series, leaving a large naked abdominal area, plates at ventral midline restricted to small platelets at pre-anal shied region (
<figureCitation box="[1310,1397,1621,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[129,168,1074,1093]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,171,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-348@7.[197,1387,166,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 8. Arrangement of abdominal plates. a. Hisonotus nigricauda, MCP 40761, 37.4 mm SL. b. Hisonotus laevior, MAPA 1755, 35.3 mm SL. c. Hisonotus notopagos, MCP 25924, 44.4 mm SL. d. Hisonotus carreiro, MCP 40954, 31.2 mm SL. e. Hisonotus prata, MCP 22204, 28.9 mm SL. f. Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, 41.3 mm SL. g. Hisonotus brunneus, MCP 22701, 40.1 mm SL. h. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.8 mm SL. Anterior portion toward top. Scale bars = 2 mm." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 8h</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis box="[1422,1445,1621,1640]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">vs</emphasis>
. presence of the median abdominal plate series, pre-anal shield region plated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="39.[809,1452,1749,1960]" lastBlockId="40.[136,779,1461,1960]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,948,1749,1768]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics and meristics in 
<tableCitation box="[1291,1384,1749,1768]" captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="41.[809,876,1146,1165]" captionText="Table 12. Morphometrics and meristics of Hisonotus heterogaster. SD = Standard deviation and H = holotype." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Table 12</tableCitation>
. Adult size moderate to large for members of this genus (larger than 40.0 mm in the SL). Body robust, without conspicuous keels. Caudal peduncle round in cross section, slightly flattened dorsally. Dorsal profile convex from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal-fin base straight and posteroventrally sloped, straight from posterior end of dorsal-fin base to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile somewhat concave from snout tip to posterior portion of head, almost straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Concave at anal fin base and straight from that point to caudal-fin origin. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Least body depth at middle of caudal peduncle. Posterior profile of caudal-fin margin slightly concave. Head and snout broad, snout rounded to slightly pointed in dorsal view, body progressively narrowing posterior to pectoral-fin insertion. Snout region anterior to nares straight, not depressed; interorbital region straight to slightly convex. Upper margin of orbit not elevated. Eye dorsolaterally positioned. Iris operculum present.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[136,174,1346,1365]" targetBox="[136,1459,174,1325]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph blockId="40.[136,1459,1346,1397]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,217,1346,1365]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[221,530,1346,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[221,463,1346,1365]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
44514, holotype, female, 43.0 mm SL.Arroio Felício on road from Nova Palma to Júlio de Castilhos, Júlio de Castilhos, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="40.[136,779,1461,1960]" lastBlockId="40.[816,1459,1461,1960]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pectoral fin I,6. Pectoral-fin posterior margin almost straight, when depressed tip extending beyond middle of pelvic fin. Posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine smooth in adults, smaller specimens with feeble serrae along posterior third of pectoral-fin spine. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present, located below ventral margin of cleithral process. Pelvic fin i,5. Tip of depressed fin just reaching anal-fin origin in females, but extending far beyond that point in males. Dorsal II,7. Dorsal-fin origin located slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal-fin spinelet laterally extended. Anal fin i,5. First anal-fin pterygiophore exposed anterior to anal fin. Adipose fin absent. Caudal fin i,14,i.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[816,1459,1461,1960]" lastBlockId="41.[129,772,182,905]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Body almost entirely covered by plates except for region overlying opening of swim bladder capsule, area between pectoral girdle and lower lip, region around anus, and base of paired fins, and belly region between lateral abdominal plate series. Rostral plate with posterior notch articulation with mesethmoid. Rostral plate thickened, with odontode-free area between dorsad and ventrad series of odontodes (
<figureCitation box="[1363,1446,1941,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[129,167,1878,1897]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,962,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-423@41.[129,772,962,1850]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 43. Scanning electron micrograph of snout anterior rostral margin of Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.3 mm SL. a. Anterior view of rostrum; b. Magnification of medial portion." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Snout plates anterior to nares reduced, small unplated area at lateral portion between rostral plate and prenasal plates. Three rows of predorsal plates. Lateral line incomplete, with gap without pores along middle length of body. Median plate series not truncated, reaching posterior end of caudal peduncle (
<figureCitation box="[137,218,342,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[129,170,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[137,762,188,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-309@5.[129,772,174,1533]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Lateral view of left side lateral plate series. a. Hisonotus nigricauda, MCP 40761, 37.4 mm SL. b. Hisonotus laevior, MCP 23854, 41.8 mm SL. c. Hisonotus notopagos, MCP 25924, 44.4 mm SL. d. Hisonotus carreiro, MCP 40945, 31.2 mm SL. e. Hisonotus prata, MCP 22204, 28.9 mm SL. f. Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, 41.3 mm SL. g. Hisonotus brunneus, MCP 22701, 40.1 mm SL. h. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.8 mm SL. Anterior portion toward left. Scale bars = 4 mm." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
). Median abdominal plate series absent. Irregularly arranged platelets in preanal shield region, absent in some specimens. Lateral abdominal plates relative small and forming regular series of three to six plates in each side (
<figureCitation box="[675,758,438,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[129,168,1074,1093]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,171,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-348@7.[197,1387,166,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 8. Arrangement of abdominal plates. a. Hisonotus nigricauda, MCP 40761, 37.4 mm SL. b. Hisonotus laevior, MAPA 1755, 35.3 mm SL. c. Hisonotus notopagos, MCP 25924, 44.4 mm SL. d. Hisonotus carreiro, MCP 40954, 31.2 mm SL. e. Hisonotus prata, MCP 22204, 28.9 mm SL. f. Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, 41.3 mm SL. g. Hisonotus brunneus, MCP 22701, 40.1 mm SL. h. Hisonotus heterogaster, MCP 41073, 39.8 mm SL. Anterior portion toward top. Scale bars = 2 mm." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[729,758,438,457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Coracoid and cleithrum exposed and covered by odontodes, except for median region of cleithrum between 
<emphasis box="[614,771,502,521]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">arrector fossae</emphasis>
openings and medial region of coracoids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[129,772,182,905]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Odontodes on parieto-supraoccipital tip slightly larger than those of surrounding areas. Head, fin-spines, and body plates covered with odontodes, larger on anterior surface of all fin spines, and on ventral margin of rostrum, slightly enlarged on dorsal margin of rostrum. Anteroventral margin of compound pterotic with median-to-large size perforations. Infraorbital canal entering infraorbital series via sphenotic. Lips roundish and papillose, posterior margin of lower lip fimbriate. Maxillary barbel present.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[129,772,182,905]" lastBlockId="41.[809,1452,182,361]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Premaxillary and dentary teeth slender proximally and flattened distally; bifid, major (medial) cusp round; minor (lateral) minute pointed. Accessory patch of teeth absent on dentary and premaxilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[809,1452,182,361]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Compound ventral hypural plate (hypurals 1-2) and compound dorsal hypural plate (hypurals 3-5) completely fused to each other, with median notch on posterior margin of caudal-fin skeleton. Total vertebrae 29 (2 c&amp;s).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[809,1452,406,937]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,996,406,425]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Ground color of dorsal and lateral surfaces light brown to gray. Dorsal and lateral portions of head darker than body, except for yellowish area, contrasting with dark blotches, in ventrolateral region of head. Region anterior to nares lighter than surrounding areas, forming paired longitudinal light stripe from snout tip to posterior end of parieto-supraoccipital, bifurcating and inconspicuous from that point. Ventral surface of body pale yellow, with scattered chromatophores, mostly grouped on cheeks and base of pectoral fins forming dark blotches. Unbranched rays of pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins mostly brown, except for narrow light bands, forming banded pattern. Branched rays of these fins mostly hyaline except for darker transverse bands. Caudal mostly dark brown, except for hyaline area on posterior portion of upper lobe. Unbranched rays of caudal fin with banded pattern of transverse light bands. In life, ground color of dorsum and flanks dark green.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[809,1452,982,1065]" lastBlockId="42.[136,779,182,393]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1028,982,1001]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Urogenital papilla, positioned just behind the anal opening in males. Adult males also possess a developed fleshy flap along the dorsal margin of first thickened pelvic-fin ray, that is absent in females. Flap slightly wider basally and progressively narrowing distally. Presence of a fleshy flap in the medial portion of first and second branched rays of pelvic fin. In juvenile males, flaps smaller or absent. Males have longer pelvic fin that extends far beyond anal-fin origin, with the pelvic fin just reaching anal-fin origin in females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[809,876,1146,1165]">
<paragraph blockId="41.[809,1452,1146,1197]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,925,1146,1165]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Table 12.</emphasis>
Morphometrics and meristics of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SD = Standard deviation and H = holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<table box="[810,1448,1231,1960]" colsContinueFrom="39.[135,765,262,992]" gridcols="7" gridrows="30" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<tr box="[810,1448,1231,1246]" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td box="[1239,1334,1231,1246]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Types</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1257,1272]" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[1092,1200,1257,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">H</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1257,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">n</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1257,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Low</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1257,1272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">High</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1257,1272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mean</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1257,1272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">SD</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1282,1297]" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1282,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Standard length (mm)</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1282,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">43.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1282,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1282,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">37.5</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1282,1297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">44.3</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1282,1297]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">40.2</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1282,1297]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1307,1322]" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1448,1307,1322]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Percent of Standard length</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1332,1347]" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1332,1347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Head length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1332,1347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">33.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1332,1347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1332,1347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">32.1</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1332,1347]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">35.7</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1332,1347]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">33.6</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1332,1347]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.01</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1356,1371]" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1356,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Predorsal length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1356,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">44.6</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1356,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1356,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">43.0</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1356,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">47.1</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1356,1371]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">45.3</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1356,1371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.19</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1381,1396]" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1381,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Dorsal-fin spine length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1381,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1381,1396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1381,1396]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">21.8</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1381,1396]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24.9</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1381,1396]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.5</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1381,1396]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.92</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1405,1420]" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1405,1420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Anal-fin spine length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1405,1420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.6</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1405,1420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1405,1420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16.5</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1405,1420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19.2</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1405,1420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.7</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1405,1420]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1430,1445]" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1430,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pectoral-fin spine length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1430,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">25.1</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1430,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1430,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.4</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1430,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">26.4</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1430,1445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24.8</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1430,1445]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.84</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1454,1469]" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1454,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pelvic-fin spine length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1454,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1454,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1454,1469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">14.4</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1454,1469]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">22.3</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1454,1469]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.2</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1454,1469]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2.02</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1479,1494]" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1479,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cleithral width</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1479,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.3</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1479,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1479,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">22.2</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1479,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24.7</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1479,1494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.2</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1479,1494]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.76</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1503,1518]" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1503,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Thoracic length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1503,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1503,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1503,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.0</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1503,1518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18.5</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1503,1518]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.6</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1503,1518]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.52</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1528,1543]" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1528,1543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abdominal length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1528,1543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19.2</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1528,1543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1528,1543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.9</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1528,1543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20.6</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1528,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19.3</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1528,1543]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.80</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1552,1567]" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1552,1567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Body depth at dorsal-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1552,1567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20.7</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1552,1567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1552,1567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18.9</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1552,1567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">21.6</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1552,1567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20.5</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1552,1567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.67</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1577,1592]" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1577,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Caudal-peduncle length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1577,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">35.7</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1577,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1577,1592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">32.3</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1577,1592]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">36.2</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1577,1592]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">34.5</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1577,1592]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1601,1616]" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1601,1616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Caudal-peduncle depth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1601,1616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12.0</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1601,1616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1601,1616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">11.8</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1601,1616]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">13.5</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1601,1616]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12.6</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1601,1616]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.60</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1626,1641]" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td box="[810,1230,1626,1641]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Percent of Head length</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1650,1665]" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1650,1665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Snout Length</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1650,1665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">48.6</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1650,1665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1650,1665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">46.1</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1650,1665]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">49.5</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1650,1665]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">48.1</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1650,1665]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.05</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1675,1690]" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1675,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Orbital diameter</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1675,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16.2</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1675,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1675,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16.2</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1675,1690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18.9</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1675,1690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.2</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1675,1690]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.86</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1700,1715]" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1700,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Interorbital width</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1700,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">42.8</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1700,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1700,1715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">39.9</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1700,1715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">47.1</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1700,1715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">43.8</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1700,1715]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2.22</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1724,1739]" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1724,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Head depth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1724,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">55.1</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1724,1739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1724,1739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">51.9</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1724,1739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">55.8</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1724,1739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">53.5</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1724,1739]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.39</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1749,1764]" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1749,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Suborbital depth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1749,1764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19.4</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1749,1764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1749,1764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18.4</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1749,1764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">22.2</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1749,1764]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20.2</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1749,1764]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.17</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1773,1788]" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1773,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mandibular ramus</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1773,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">8.9</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1773,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1773,1788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">8.1</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1773,1788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">9.7</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1773,1788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">8.8</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1773,1788]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.51</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1798,1813]" gridrow="23" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td box="[1092,1200,1798,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Meristics</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1822,1837]" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1822,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Left premaxillary teeth</td>
<td box="[1092,1230,1822,1837]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17 12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1822,1837]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1822,1837]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1822,1837]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.6</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1822,1837]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.16</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1847,1862]" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1847,1862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Right premaxillary teeth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1847,1862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1847,1862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1847,1862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1847,1862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1847,1862]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17.6</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1847,1862]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.31</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1871,1886]" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1871,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Left dentary teeth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1871,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1871,1886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1871,1886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">13</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1871,1886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1871,1886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15.8</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1871,1886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.48</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1896,1911]" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1896,1911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rigth dentary teeth</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1896,1911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1896,1911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1896,1911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">14</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1896,1911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1896,1911]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15.9</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1896,1911]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1.08</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1920,1935]" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1920,1935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Left lateral plates</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1920,1935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1920,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1920,1935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1920,1935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1920,1935]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.9</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1920,1935]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[810,1448,1945,1960]" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<td box="[810,1075,1945,1960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rigth lateral plates</td>
<td box="[1092,1200,1945,1960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24</td>
<td box="[1209,1230,1945,1960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</td>
<td box="[1239,1278,1945,1960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23</td>
<td box="[1291,1334,1945,1960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24</td>
<td box="[1348,1396,1945,1960]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23.8</td>
<td box="[1410,1448,1945,1960]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">0.39</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[129,167,1878,1897]" targetBox="[129,772,962,1850]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph blockId="41.[129,772,1878,1961]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,209,1878,1897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 43.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrograph of snout anterior rostral margin of 
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[232,536,1910,1929]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[232,470,1910,1929]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
41073, 39.3 mm SL. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[751,764,1910,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">a</emphasis>
. Anterior view of rostrum; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[402,417,1942,1961]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
. Magnification of medial portion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="42.[136,780,438,617]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,420,438,457]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[425,676,438,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[425,676,438,457]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hisonotus heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the arroio Felício, a stream affluent to the rio Soturno that is a western tributary of the rio Jacuí basin (
<figureCitation box="[635,714,502,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[809,848,579,598]" captionTargetBox="[809,1452,174,552]" captionTargetId="figure-580@29.[809,1452,174,552]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 32. Drainage map of rio Jacuí basin showing distribution of Hisonotus species. Some symbols represent more than one collecting locality. Open symbols represent type locality. Hisonotus carreiro (squares); H. prata (diamond); H. brunneus (triangle); H. heterogaster (star); H. vireo (circles), “cf”. record of H. vireo represents arroio Tipiáia." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). This species inhabits a median to fast flowing watercourse, with clear water running over sand or rocks, being collected mostly in the marginal submersed vegetation composed of bamboos.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="42.[136,779,662,809]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,263,662,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName box="[477,609,662,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hisonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterogaster">
<emphasis box="[477,609,662,681]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">heterogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Greek 
<emphasis box="[136,215,694,713]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">heteros</emphasis>
meaning distinct, deviating, abnormal, and 
<emphasis box="[711,779,694,713]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">gaster</emphasis>
meaning belly, in allusion to the specific shape of plate covering of the abdominal plates. It is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>