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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0533e63e-534e-41ae-b24c-05c71b2c3a6c" ID-PMC="PMC8613133" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1071-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D2FA18B60D265BBFA2E630FA35CA9596" ID-PubMed="34887696" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1071-109" checkinTime="1637199305837" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Du, Su-Jie, Yefremova, Zoya, Ye, Fu-Yu, Zhu, Chao-Dong, Guo, Jian-Yang &amp; Liu, Wan-Xue" docDate="2021" docId="D9FA4C9BB8E95EBAB84B183049E8F8F5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1071: 109-126" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1071" docPubDate="2021-11-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433" docTitle="Diglyphus wani Liu, Zhu &amp; Yefremova 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D2FA18B60D265BBFA2E630FA35CA9596" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="D2FA18B60D265BBFA2E630FA35CA9596" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular identification of arrhenotokous strain of Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) found in China as a control agent against agromyzid leafminers" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1668151122078" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Morphological and molecular identification of arrhenotokous strain of Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) found in China as a control agent against agromyzid leafminers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Du, Su-Jie</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-7879</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yefremova, Zoya</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ye, Fu-Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-2904</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhu, Chao-Dong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-3178</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guo, Jian-Yang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Wan-Xue</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">liuwanxue@caas.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-11-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1071</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>109</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1071-109</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D2FA18B60D265BBFA2E630FA35CA9596</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9FA4C9BB8E95EBAB84B183049E8F8F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9FA4C9BB8E95EBAB84B183049E8F8F5" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName LSID="D9FA4C9B-B8E9-5EBA-B84B-183049E8F8F5" authority="Liu, Zhu &amp; Yefremova, 2018" authorityName="Liu, Zhu &amp; Yefremova" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Diglyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diglyphus wani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wani">Diglyphus wani Liu, Zhu &amp; Yefremova, 2018</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type material</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
. The type specimens of arrhenotokous
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. wani" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D. wani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were deposited in the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="arrhenotokous male">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Arrhenotokous male</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">(Figs 1A, B). Body length 1.0-1.9 mm, forewing length 0.9-1.2 mm. Body light green with a metallic tint; tegulae dark brown, antenna and mandibles brownish, labial and maxillar palpae pale yellow, compound eyes dark red. Legs with dark green and metallic coxae, brownish and metallic trochanters, anterior 3/4 to the middle of all femora dark brown and metallic, posterior pale yellow, all tibiae dark brown with metallic shine, except base and apical 1/5-2/5 part white or pale yellow, hind tibia with anterior surface dark to white-yellow and posterior surface dark, tarsi yellow, except last 4th tarsomere (dark brown) and 3rd tarsomere (brownish), wings hyaline.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612007" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Zhu &amp; Yefremova" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Diglyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diglyphus wani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diglyphus wani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, arrhenotokous male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
Body, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
Body, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
Head and mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
Right fore and hind wing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
Head, tergum and gaster, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">F</emphasis>
Head, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
Metasoma, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H</emphasis>
Genitalia, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Antenna</emphasis>
(Fig. 1C). Antenna with scape 3.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, pedicel 2.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, 2 anelli, F1 1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, F2 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, clava 3-segmented 3.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad. F1 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2, clava 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scape and 2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Head</emphasis>
(Figs 1C, F). Head wider than height. Toruli inserted a little above the level with the lower margin of eyes. Malar sulcus present, straight, mouth width 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
of malar space.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Thorax</emphasis>
(Figs 1C, E). Pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum metallic green. Mesoscutum as long as scutellum. Scutellum 1.09
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad. Propodeum 2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as broad as long, smooth, without median carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig. 1D). Forewings 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad. SMV tapering to apex, with six setae dorsally. Costal cell with three rows of setae, ~ 10 dorsal setae on anterior margin apically. Speculum is very small with sparse setations. Relative measurements: SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 10.6: 14.7: 4.7: 4.1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Metasoma</emphasis>
(Figs. 1G and 1H). Petiole short. Gaster 1.8-1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad. Genitalia: digitus with two developed and two reduced spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="arrhenotokous female">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Arrhenotokous female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
(Fig. 2A). The arrhenotokous female was similar to the thelytokous female in morphological characteristics (Table 2). We only found a little difference on fore- and hind-wings between arrhenotokous and thelytokous
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. wani" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D. wani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 2A, B). For the arrhenotokous and thelytokous females, the forewing with denser setae overall, the costal cell with 2 ~ 4 rows and 2 rows of setae on dorsal surface, respectively and basal cell with 15 ~ 21 hairs and 10 ~ 15 hairs, respectively (Figs 2C-2F, indicated by squares). The setation beneath the marginal vein of the hind-wing of the arrhenotokous female (Fig. 2D) is denser than the same area of the thelytokous female (Fig. 2F).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.72433.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612008" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
Arrhenotokous female, body, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
Thelytokous female, body, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
Arrhenotokous female, right forewing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
Arrhenotokous female, right fore and hind-wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
Thelytokous female, right forewing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">F</emphasis>
Thelytokous female, right fore and hind-wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F381C62375C7F1FE833EF05B8AF52076" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F381C62375C7F1FE833EF05B8AF52076" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of morphological of thelytokous and arrhenotokous females.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Portion</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Thelytokous female</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Arrhenotokous female</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="8">Antenna</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Scape 3.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Scape 3.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Pedicel 1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Pedicel 2.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F1 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F1 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F2 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F2 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Clava 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Clava 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F1 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
F1 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Clava 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scape
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Clava 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scape
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
and 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
and 1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as F2
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Forewing</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">SMV:MV:PMV:STV =26:42:22:20.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">SMV:MV:PMV:STV=44:64:24:21.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Head</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
POL 2.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as OOL.
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
POL 2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as OOL.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Metasoma</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Gaster 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad.
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
Gaster 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Ratio of gaster to ovipositor</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
2.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Body length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">1.0-1.9 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">0.9-1.8 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>