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<document id="E023024EA2B4C15931D4E7CC641BA35F" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930400001400" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221514" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629371656968" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas &amp; Menzel, Lena" docDate="2005" docId="66756849C459F23FC3E0FC40FC81FCBE" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.7.515-529.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (7)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930400001400" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel 2005, nov. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="9A4C1031C45DF239C274FFB4FF9DFFB6" masterDocTitle="Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="515" pageNumber="517" updateTime="1699069918374" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FA9E45FC7D745C5FB702A0F022D44B93">Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BFA6EAA923932E0D63143055060B274">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3EAD1008972C9C835F64A4945D8E2630">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A038BF903E2580A66EDF6F0F0AE1BD17">2005</mods:date>
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<heading id="B52B6E33C459F23DC3E0FC40FC0AFBBA" box="[404,919,1012,1036]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC459F23DC3E0FC40FCACFBBA" ID-CoL="4NTHS" authority="Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel, 2005" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel" authorityYear="2005" box="[404,817,1012,1036]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="bulbareolatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC459F23DC3E0FC40FCACFBBA" bold="true" box="[404,817,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C79BB836C459F23DC14FFC40FC0AFBBA" box="[827,919,1012,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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(
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)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC459F23DC2FEFBE5FE53FABD" blockId="4.[138,1185,1105,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">
<materialsCitation id="5EB4D302C459F23DC2FEFBE5FDFFFB1F" collectingDate="1995-03-23" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="de Tlaltenango &amp; C. Savas" country="Mexico" county="Sumidero de Tlaltenango" elevation="2330" location="Naturkunde" municipality="Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="holotype">
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:
<collectingCountry id="96CB99CFC459F23DC37DFBE5FEFEFBDF" box="[265,355,1105,1129]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Veracruz,
<collectingCounty id="0702A1D3C459F23DC399FBE5FC81FBDF" box="[493,796,1105,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">
Sumidero
<collectorName id="4329BC89C459F23DC01DFBE5FC81FBDF" box="[617,796,1105,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">de Tlaltenango</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
(
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<quantity id="292474BAC459F23DC144FBE5FC19FBDF" box="[816,900,1105,1129]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" unit="km" value="1.4">1.4 km</quantity>
N Tlaquilpa
</locationDeviation>
),
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,
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, coll.
<date id="9A62FF9FC459F23DC34BFBC5FE6AFB3F" box="[319,503,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" value="1995-03-23">
<collectingDate id="8A260677C459F23DC34BFBC5FE6AFB3F" box="[319,503,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" value="1995-03-23">23 March 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectorName id="4329BC89C459F23DC050FBC5FD14FB3F" box="[548,649,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">C. Savas</collectorName>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="0E074325C459F23DC0EFFBC5FC98FB3F" box="[667,773,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Museum</collectingMunicipality>
für
<location id="EB038F84C459F23DC14CFBC5FC55FB3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66756849C459F23FC3E0FC40FC81FCBE:EB038F84C459F23DC14CFBC5FC55FB3F" box="[824,968,1137,1161]" country="Mexico" county="Sumidero de Tlaltenango" municipality="Museum" name="Naturkunde" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Berlin">Naturkunde</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="2C1817BDC459F23DC1A2FBC5FBBDFB3F" box="[982,1056,1137,1161]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Berlin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="96CB99CFC459F23DC659FBC5FB00FB3F" box="[1069,1181,1137,1161]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Germany</collectingCountry>
, accession number
<collectionCode id="88CD419AC459F23DC312FB25FE38FB1F" box="[358,421,1169,1193]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
Entozoa 7377)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="5EB4D302C459F23DC004FB25FDACFB5C" collectingDate="1995-03-23" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="de Tlaltenango &amp; C. Savas" country="Guatemala" county="Further" elevation="2330" location="Memorial Museum" municipality="Austin" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="316767FDC459F23DC004FB25FD47FB1F" box="[624,730,1169,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C459F23DC093FB25FCCAFB1F" box="[743,855,1169,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
, collection data as holotype (
<collectingRegion id="2C1817BDC459F23DC2E6FB06FF44FB7C" box="[146,217,1202,1226]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Texas</collectingRegion>
<location id="EB038F84C459F23DC299FB06FE43FB7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66756849C459F23FC3E0FC40FC81FCBE:EB038F84C459F23DC299FB06FE43FB7C" box="[237,478,1202,1226]" country="Guatemala" county="Further" municipality="Austin" name="Memorial Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Texas">Memorial Museum</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0E074325C459F23DC381FB06FDD8FB7C" box="[501,581,1202,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Austin</collectingMunicipality>
, USA, no accession number).
<collectingCounty id="0702A1D3C459F23DC196FB06FBA6FB7C" box="[994,1083,1202,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Further</collectingCounty>
record:
<collectingCountry id="96CB99CFC459F23DC2FEFB66FE94FB5C" box="[138,265,1234,1258]" name="Guatemala" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(not further specified)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="5EB4D302C459F23DC032FB66FE57FABD" country="United States of America" location="Natural History Museum" municipality="London" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C459F23DC032FB66FD53FB5C" box="[582,718,1234,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(
<location id="EB038F84C459F23DC093FB66FBBAFB5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66756849C459F23FC3E0FC40FC81FCBE:EB038F84C459F23DC093FB66FBBAFB5C" box="[743,1063,1234,1258]" country="United States of America" municipality="London" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Natural History Museum</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0E074325C459F23DC649FB66FB00FB5C" box="[1085,1181,1234,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">London</collectingMunicipality>
, accession number 83.5.24)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC459F23DC2FEFAF0FE9EFAEA" blockId="4.[138,259,1348,1372]" box="[138,259,1348,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC459F23DC2FEFAF0FE9EFAEA" box="[138,259,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC459F23DC2FEFAC0FEE8F998" blockId="4.[138,1185,1396,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">
The
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C459F23DC2B2FAC0FEDDFA3A" box="[198,320,1396,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
measure 16 (
<typeStatus id="316767FDC459F23DC39FFAC0FDC9FA3A" box="[491,596,1396,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and 19.5 (
<typeStatus id="316767FDC459F23DC09CFAC0FCCDFA3A" box="[744,848,1396,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) cm in length and 0.8 and
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in diameter, respectively. Their anterior end is white and blends into the medium brown colour of the body. A dark collar, which is present in many other nematomorph species, is not present. There are dark brown patches distributed over the whole cuticle which contrast with the medium brown colour of the cuticle (leopard pattern; Schmidt- Rhaesa et al. 2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC459F23DC2D1F983FCD2F926" blockId="4.[138,1185,1396,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517">
The posterior end of the
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C459F23DC3BAF983FDDEF9F9" box="[462,579,1591,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="517" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
is round, without tail lobes. The cloacal opening is oval and surrounded by short, unbranched spines. There are some short bristles on the ventral side of the posterior end around the cloacal opening.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAA389D7C458F23CC209F9A8FE2CF9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221516/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="518" startId="5.[125,185,1564,1583]" targetBox="[197,1101,180,1529]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC458F23CC209F9A8FE2CF9D2" blockId="5.[125,1172,1564,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="518">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC458F23CC2A8F9A8FE7DF999" authority="Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel, 2005" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel" authorityYear="2005" box="[220,480,1564,1583]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="518" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="bulbareolatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC458F23CC2A8F9A8FE7DF999" box="[220,480,1564,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="518">Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C79BB836C458F23CC392F9A8FD84F999" box="[486,537,1564,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="518" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) Light microscopical preparation of body cuticle showing bulging clusters of areoles; (BD) SEM overview (B, C) and detail (D) of bulging areolar clusters with areoles in a megareolar pattern in the centre.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC45BF23FC2D1FF3DFBC0FE35" blockId="6.[138,1185,137,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">
The cuticle is structured by rounded to polygonal areoles which are separated by narrow interareolar grooves with short bristles (
<figureCitation id="76E7C5DAC45BF23FC0D8FF1DFCD1FF77" box="[684,844,169,193]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox="[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus n. sp. (A) Light microscopical preparation of body cuticle showing bulging clusters of areoles; (BD) SEM overview (B, C) and detail (D) of bulging areolar clusters with areoles in a megareolar pattern in the centre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221516/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Figure 1AD</figureCitation>
). The surface of these areoles is rough. Among these areoles, few form the megareolar pattern (see
<bibRefCitation id="8A4DA4AEC45BF23FC197FF7DFF54FEB4" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa A" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" pagination="185 - 200" refId="ref5763" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa A. 2001. Are the genera of Nematomorpha monophyletic taxa? Zoologica Scripta 31: 185 - 200." type="journal article" year="2001">Schmidt-Rhaesa 2001</bibRefCitation>
), in which two areoles adjoin each other along one side and enclose a short tubercle between them (
<figureCitation id="76E7C5DAC45BF23FC33BFEBEFE65FE94" box="[335,504,266,290]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox="[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus n. sp. (A) Light microscopical preparation of body cuticle showing bulging clusters of areoles; (BD) SEM overview (B, C) and detail (D) of bulging areolar clusters with areoles in a megareolar pattern in the centre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221516/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Figure 1AD</figureCitation>
). Rarely, isolated tubercles can also be found in the interareolar grooves. Over the whole cuticle, some regions containing 712 areoles, are elevated (
<figureCitation id="76E7C5DAC45BF23FC28AFEFFFE39FED5" box="[254,420,331,355]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox="[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[197,1101,180,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus n. sp. (A) Light microscopical preparation of body cuticle showing bulging clusters of areoles; (BD) SEM overview (B, C) and detail (D) of bulging areolar clusters with areoles in a megareolar pattern in the centre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221516/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Figure 1AD</figureCitation>
). In the centre of these elevations are large areoles forming a megareolar pattern. They are surrounded by a varying number of simple areoles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC45BF23FC2FEFE08FF66FE62" blockId="6.[138,251,444,468]" box="[138,251,444,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC2FEFE08FF66FE62" box="[138,251,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE63D95FC45BF23FC2FEFE59FC81FCBE" blockId="6.[138,1185,493,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">
The presence of elevated regions composed of several areoles is unique and justifies the description of a new species. The characterization of the genus
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC45BF23FC1DEFDB9FBC1FD93" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1942" box="[938,1116,525,549]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC1DEFDB9FBC1FD93" box="[938,1116,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Pseudochordodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is as nematomorphs with an undivided male posterior end, in which the cuticle contains
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C45BF23FC602FD9AFF58FDD0" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of areoles (
<bibRefCitation id="8A4DA4AEC45BF23FC338FDFAFD9DFDD0" author="Carvalho JCM" box="[332,512,590,614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref5389" refString="Carvalho JCM. 1942. Studies on some Gordiacea of North and South America. Journal of Parasitology 28: 213 - 222." type="journal article" year="1942">Carvalho 1942</bibRefCitation>
). In some species, this is clearly evident (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC45BF23FC664FDFBFB04FDD0" baseAuthorityName="Montgomery" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1040,1177,590,614]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="gordioides">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC664FDFBFB04FDD0" box="[1040,1177,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">P. gordioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="8A4DA4AEC45BF23FC2CCFDDBFD98FD31" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa A &amp; Hanelt B &amp; Reeves W" box="[184,517,623,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" pagination="77 - 117" refId="ref5823" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Hanelt B, Reeves W. 2003. Redescription and compilation of Nearctic freshwater Nematomorpha (Gordiida), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 153: 77 - 117." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmidt-Rhaesa et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but in others, the recognition of
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C45BF23FC1D0FDDBFB89FD31" box="[932,1044,623,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of areole is more difficult and species are sometimes assigned to
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC45BF23FC081FD3BFC15FD11" box="[757,904,655,679]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Neochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC081FD3BFC15FD11" box="[757,904,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Neochordodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which only
<specimenCount id="F8DA12D6C45BF23FC649FD3BFB3CFD11" box="[1085,1185,655,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
of areole is present (
<bibRefCitation id="8A4DA4AEC45BF23FC304FD1BFDBEFD71" author="Carvalho JCM" box="[368,547,687,711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref5389" refString="Carvalho JCM. 1942. Studies on some Gordiacea of North and South America. Journal of Parasitology 28: 213 - 222." type="journal article" year="1942">Carvalho 1942</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC45BF23FC022FD1BFC01FD71" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa &amp; Menzel" authorityYear="2005" box="[598,924,687,711]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="bulbareolatus">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC022FD1BFC01FD71" box="[598,924,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, areoles in the bulging clusters are slightly larger than the surrounding ones and occur in a different pattern, which justifies the placement within the genus
<taxonomicName id="29DCA2DCC45BF23FC016FD44FC89FCBE" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1942" box="[610,788,752,776]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Pseudochordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="519" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DCA8054DC45BF23FC016FD44FC89FCBE" box="[610,788,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="519">Pseudochordodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>