296 lines
38 KiB
XML
296 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="16CFE94E1DEAD1155653FF51E2B1A0BB" ID-CLB-Dataset="27726" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7c7a589-9f74-4546-9a7b-c3192b9659e5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615911" ID-ZooBank="2C72727B-79C5-407F-BD92-B12F98196800" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553789058718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2018" docId="193787A0FFCDFFADF4CBFBD447EBC997" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4539.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4539 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leioastra triangularis Mah 2018, n. gen., n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="E50EFFD8FFE2FF9FF45CFFC04464CA17" masterDocTitle="New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698715174966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="58F5BD70FD5023CEF094FA60B960D00D">New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A59202AE837502C65A120DE3E5BEAD7">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D64A7E0948E67101AE58F4E2714B54D3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E39C727044C8923733135C471DC03AD">
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<mods:date id="3368C34627742C939E592DB2CF315F2C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5B98C9520E8E3BE12CE0962F567E8D2A">2018-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8947D3894AFACEB833C22B442C585C34">4539</mods:number>
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<treatment id="193787A0FFCDFFADF4CBFBD447EBC997" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990764" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFCDFFADF4CBFBD447EBC997" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193787A0FFCDFFADF4CBFBD447EBC997" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFB0F4CBFBD4462ECE39" box="[151,586,1044,1070]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F4CBFBD4462ECE39" blockId="47.[151,586,1044,1103]" box="[151,586,1044,1070]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="CA6981DAFFCDFFB0F4CBFBD4462ECE39" bold="true" box="[151,586,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F4CBFBD4462ECE39" bold="true" box="[151,586,1044,1070]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F4CBFBD445FBCE39" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,415,1044,1070]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F4CBFBD445FBCE39" bold="true" box="[151,415,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFCDFFB0F5FBFBD4462ECE39" box="[423,586,1044,1070]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFB0F4CBFBF64524CE58" box="[151,320,1078,1103]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F4CBFBF64524CE58" blockId="47.[151,586,1044,1103]" box="[151,320,1078,1103]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFCDFFB0F4CBFBF64567CE58" box="[151,259,1078,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figure 18</figureCitation>
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A–D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFB0F4CBFBBE4693CEC8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F4CBFBBE4693CEC8" blockId="47.[151,1437,1150,2003]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F4CBFBBE457ACE80" bold="true" box="[151,286,1150,1175]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The genus name “
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F658FBBE465DCE80" box="[516,569,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">leios</emphasis>
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” is Greek for “smooth” which alludes to the bald, smooth abactinal and marginal surfaces. “
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F52BFB6445D5CEAC" box="[375,433,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">astra</emphasis>
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” is the female form for “star.” The species epithet “
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F7A4FB62401ACEAC" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1016,1150,1186,1211]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F7A4FB62401ACEAC" box="[1016,1150,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” for triangle refers to the distinctive triangular shape of the arms in this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFB0F49BFB2A451CCF78" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F49BFB2A451CCF78" blockId="47.[151,1437,1150,2003]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F49BFB2A4525CF14" bold="true" box="[199,321,1258,1283]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Abactinal and marginal plates smooth with no granules. No crystalline granules on plates. Marginal plates eight per interradius (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFCDFFB0F58AFACE4653CF30" box="[470,567,1294,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig.18A</figureCitation>
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), large and wide, forming distinct border, approximately 47% of total radius (r) on disk. Superomarginal plates abutted along arm radius along full arm distance. Actinal plates covered by granules (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFCDFFB0F559FA96450FCF78" box="[261,363,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFB0F49BFABA40ADCFA0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F49BFABA40ADCFA0" blockId="47.[151,1437,1150,2003]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F49BFABA452BCF84" bold="true" box="[199,335,1402,1427]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Comments.</emphasis>
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Based on a comparison with concepts of similar goniasterids, character evidence does not support placement of this species within a known genus; a new genus and species therefore is proposed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFCDFFAFF49BFA04449CCAEF" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F49BFA0445FFCCEC" blockId="47.[151,1437,1150,2003]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F49BFA0445A0CFCC" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,452,1474,1499]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F49BFA0445A0CFCC" box="[199,452,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFCDFFB0F593FA024676CFCC" box="[463,530,1474,1499]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F593FA024676CFCC" bold="true" box="[463,530,1474,1499]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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possesses smooth abactinal and marginal plate surfaces which are devoid of granules, although smaller ones are present around the periphery. These characters are also observed in several other goniasterids, including
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F5B9F9CC469FCC34" box="[485,763,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F5B9F9CC4693CC34" ID-CoL="7P6XX" authority=", Glyphodiscus" authorityName="Glyphodiscus" box="[485,759,1546,1571]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Iconaster, Glyphodiscus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F76BF9CA405ACC34" ID-CoL="7PBX7" authority="(Mah 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[823,1086,1546,1571]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Lithosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F76BF9CA47C9CC34" box="[823,941,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lithosoma</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFCDFFB0F7E2F9CA4052CC34" author="Mah, C. L." box="[958,1078,1546,1571]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref72029" refString="Mah, C. L. (2005) Cladistic Analysis of the Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Falvatoidea): Phylogeny, Evolution and Biodiversity. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois, Illinois, 378 pp." type="book" year="2005">Mah 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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that differ in that their actinal plate surfaces are devoid of granules and other accessories, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F7B1F9EF408FCC50" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1005,1259,1582,1607]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F7B1F9EF408FCC50" box="[1005,1259,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F0ABF9EE41F8CC50" bold="true" box="[1271,1436,1582,1607]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFCDFFB0F0ABF9EE412FCC50" box="[1271,1355,1582,1607]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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n. sp.
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</emphasis>
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granules are present.
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F5D6F9944650CC7C" ID-CoL="7PTQ6" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[394,564,1620,1643]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pontioceramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F5D6F9944650CC7C" box="[394,564,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pontioceramus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F631F9924693CC7C" ID-CoL="7NWYT" authorityName="Halpern" authorityYear="1970" box="[621,759,1618,1643]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Diplasiaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F631F9924693CC7C" box="[621,759,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diplasiaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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share similarities with
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F058F99440CDCC7C" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1028,1193,1618,1643]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F058F99440CDCC7C" box="[1028,1193,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F0EDF992412ECC7C" bold="true" box="[1201,1354,1618,1643]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFCDFFB0F0EDF9924165CC7C" box="[1201,1281,1618,1643]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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n. sp.
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</emphasis>
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in that they possess smooth, bare abactinal and marginal plate surfaces, in conjunction with granules covering the actinal surface; however, there are significant differences in overall R/r, body, arm, and plate shape.
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F0EEF95A414BCCA4" ID-CoL="7PT69" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1202,1327,1690,1715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F0EEF95A414BCCA4" box="[1202,1327,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Plinthaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in that it possesses fine, crystalline bosses on the abactinal plate surfaces, granules on the marginal plates, and exhibits a different R/r.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFCDFFB0F49BF8C645D9CDC5" blockId="47.[151,1437,1150,2003]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F49BF8C646DBCD08" ID-CoL="6QKKP" authority="McKnight 1973" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,703,1798,1823]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Lithosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaezelandiae">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F49BF8C6459CCD08" box="[199,504,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lithosoma novaezelandiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFCDFFB0F659F8C646DBCD08" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[517,703,1798,1823]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref72961" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: family Goniasteridae. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 1 (13), 171 - 195." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFCDFFB0F7DCF8C640DCCD08" author="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G." box="[896,1208,1798,1823]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref69285" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark and McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
bears a superficial resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F50BF8EC463CCD54" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[343,600,1834,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F50BF8EC463CCD54" box="[343,600,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F634F8EA4771CD54" bold="true" box="[616,789,1834,1859]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n. gen, n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
in terms of abactinal and marginal plate shape and morphology. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F5FCF88F46FCCD70" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[416,664,1870,1895]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F5FCF88F46FCCD70" box="[416,664,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F6C3F88E4750CD70" bold="true" box="[671,820,1870,1895]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFCDFFB0F6C3F88E468ACD70" box="[671,750,1870,1895]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs in that crystalline bosses such as are present on the abactinal plates of are absent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F664F8B44751CD9C" ID-CoL="3SXXQ" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[568,821,1906,1931]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F664F8B44751CD9C" box="[568,821,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F71CF8B24786CD9C" bold="true" box="[832,994,1906,1931]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n. gen, n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
also possesses granular covering and distinct subambulacral spination on the actinal and adambulacral surface, respectively, both characters absent from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFCDFFB0F4CBF87A45D2CDC4" box="[151,438,1978,2003]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Lithosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novazelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFCDFFB0F4CBF87A45D2CDC4" box="[151,438,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lithosoma novazelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD2FFAFF49BFF57449CCAEF" blockId="48.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF49BFF57453DCAA7" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFD2FFAFF53CFF574490CAEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121242838" country="Madagascar" elevation="549" location="Madagascar" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="549">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFD2FFAFF53CFF57458DCAA7" box="[352,489,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFD2FFAFF5A8FF574626CAB8" box="[500,578,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFD2FFAFF5A8FF57465ACAB8" box="[500,574,151,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="549.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFD2FFAFF5A8FF57465ACAB8" box="[500,574,151,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="549.0">549 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF49BFF7C453DCAC2" bold="true" box="[199,345,188,213]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body stellate, R/r=1.9. Body stout, arms short, interradial arcs weakly curved to straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD2FFAFF133FF7C448FCAEF" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 18A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C5E1663EFFD2FFAFF4CBF9B945B0CCDB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615960/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1657,1679]" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1633]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD2FFAFF4CBF9B945B0CCDB" blockId="48.[151,1436,1657,1740]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF4CBF9B94545CC98" bold="true" box="[151,289,1657,1679]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFD2FFAFF574F9B945BECC98" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2017" box="[296,474,1657,1679]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Kanakaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="larae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF574F9B945BECC98" box="[296,474,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kanakaster larae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Specimen IE-2013-17194. R=1.5, r=1.0 cm. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF02CF9B940A0CC98" bold="true" box="[1136,1220,1657,1679]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. & B.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal & Actinal surface, respectively.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFD2FFAFF5DFF958460FCCB9" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2017" box="[387,619,1688,1710]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Kanakaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plinthinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF5DFF958460FCCB9" box="[387,619,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kanakaster plinthinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IE-2007-4004. R=1.3, r=0.6 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD2FFAFF7B0F9584034CCB9" bold="true" box="[1004,1104,1688,1710]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C. & D.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal & Actinal surface, respectively. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFD2FFADF49BF9394537C92F" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD2FFAFF49BF93947ADCDAE" blockId="48.[151,1437,1785,1977]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Abactinal surface planar, abactinal plate region pentagonal and sits below the plane of the superomarginals. Plates hexagonal to irregularly polygonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD2FFAFF6DBF8DA4694CD24" box="[647,752,1818,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plate surfaces bare and smooth, granules absent. Surface opaque, crystalline inset granules not observed. Plates larger proximally becoming smaller distally adjacent to contact with superomarginal plate boundary. Individual plate boundaries distinct. Individual plates bearing 25–30 small, round granules with approximately five to seven per side. Primary circlet distinct, with seven carinals present from disk to arm. Madreporite triangular, flanked by three plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C5E1663EFFD3FFAEF4CBF85844D9CDFC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" targetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD3FFAEF4CBF85844D9CDFC" blockId="49.[151,1437,1944,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF4CBF8584544CDB9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1944,1966]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFD3FFAEF574F859466DCDB9" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[296,521,1944,1966]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leioastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triangularis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF574F859466DCDB9" box="[296,521,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leioastra triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFD3FFAEF64DF858462FCDB9" box="[529,587,1944,1966]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF64DF858462FCDB9" bold="true" box="[529,587,1944,1966]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF05EF858407FCDB9" bold="true" box="[1026,1051,1944,1966]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF4CBF87644CACDDB" bold="true" box="[151,174,1974,1996]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF635F87646E5CDDB" bold="true" box="[617,641,1974,1996]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD3FFAEF7B4F8764065CDDB" bold="true" box="[1000,1025,1974,1996]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD0FFADF49BFF5745A7CBBA" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Marginal plates large, swollen, strongly convex in outline. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates ten in each series (arm tip to arm tip) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF5A7FF7C4607CAC3" box="[507,611,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superomarginals and inferomarginal plates correspond 1:1 but are offset creating a angular contact at edges. Marginal plates smooth bare, granules absent from surfaces of both superomarginals and inferomarginals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF614FEC446CBCB0B" box="[584,687,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates with ~25–30 tiny granules per edge forming a distinct but very thin boundary around each plate. Superomarginal plates abutted over midline, three to four. Distal superomarginals becoming more triangular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF6A6FE8C47E2CB73" box="[762,902,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximal superomarginal and inferomarginal plates more trapezoid in outline. Pre-terminal superomarginals sometimes very small, indistinct. Terminal triangular, smooth surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD0FFADF49BFE774562C82A" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Actinal surface composed of approximately three series of plates (one series, adjacent to inferomarginal contact is incomplete) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF5FBFE1C4675CBE3" box="[423,529,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individual plates quadrate, angular to irregularly quadrate in outline. Actinal plates covered by 40–60 evenly spaced granules, with approximately seven to ten forming peripheral border on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD0FFADF49BFD8846DDC8DA" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Furrow spines five to six, short blunt. Subambulacrals three, half as long with further series behind them becoming more consistent with granular morphology on actinal surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF7B9FDAC402BC893" box="[997,1103,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each oral plate bisected by distinct furrow flanked on either side by four to five paired series of granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF052FD4F4012C8BF" box="[1038,1142,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral plate furrow spines five to six, with one spine projecting into mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD0FFADF49BFD184537C92F" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Two marginal plates present interradially show damage with distinct chunks absent from the distal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFD0FFADF133FD174489C903" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,235,1870]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leioastra triangularis n. sp. Holotype IE-2007-3946. r=1.9, r=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Closeup of arm and superomarginal plates. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of furrow region. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615962/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is unclear if this was caused during collection or perhaps from natural causes, such as predation (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFD0FFADF4CBFCE0452CC92F" author="Neumann, C." box="[151,328,800,824]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="65 - 70" refId="ref73317" refString="Neumann, C. (2000) Evidence of predation on Cretaceous sea stars from north? west Germany. Lethaia, 33 (2), 65 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00241160050150177" type="journal article" year="2000">Neumann 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFD0FFADF49BFC8447EBC997" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFD0FFADF49BFC8447EBC997" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD0FFADF49BFC844626C94A" bold="true" box="[199,578,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Material Examined.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFD0FFADF590FC844626C94A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121243724" box="[460,578,836,861]" collectingDate="2010-05-05" collectorName="Coll. Atimo Vatae & O Nosy Be" country="Madagascar" elevation="549" latitude="-26.15" location="Madagascar" longLatPrecision="1243" longitude="45.666668" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E258814FFD0FFADF590FC844659C94A" box="[460,573,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFD0FFADF60CFC8546D6C94A" author="Davies, A. J. & Murray Roberts, J. & Hall-Spencer, J." box="[592,690,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 312" refId="ref69707" refString="Davies, A. J., Murray Roberts, J. & Hall-Spencer, J. (2007) Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: Emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biological Conservation, 138 (3 - 4), 299 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2007.05.011" type="journal article" year="2007">IE 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-3946
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFD0FFADF75CFC8447E3C94A" box="[768,903,836,861]" name="Madagascar" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFD0FFADF7C9FC844785C94A" box="[917,993,836,861]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="-26.15">26°9’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFD0FFADF7B3FC844029C94A" box="[1007,1101,836,861]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="45.666668">45°40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFD0FFADF003FC8440D4C94B" box="[1119,1200,836,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="549.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFD0FFADF003FC8440D4C94B" box="[1119,1200,836,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="549.0">549 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFD0FFADF09FFC8441F8C94B" box="[1219,1436,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Coll. Atimo Vatae</collectorName>
|
||
expedition, N/
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFD0FFADF564FCA845CAC997" box="[312,430,872,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
O
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFD0FFADF50EFCA945CAC997" box="[338,430,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nosy Be</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
11,
|
||
<collectingDate id="F564E99EFFD0FFADF583FCA7460EC997" box="[479,618,871,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2010-05-05">
|
||
<date id="E5201076FFD0FFADF583FCA7460EC997" box="[479,618,871,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2010-05-05">5 May 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
. 1 wet spec. R=1.9, r=1.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |