209 lines
27 KiB
XML
209 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="D163D197BF6EF5875C95383EA47182B9" ID-CLB-Dataset="3474" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1239" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5378cee4-4671-4527-965e-72b98ab75a68" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5707947" ID-ZooBank="0E81E516-72A2-40BC-A766-FC66820831D8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613553783371" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haran, Julien M." docDate="2021" docId="2049F649FFDCFFED5953FEF1FE9F56B2" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-735_34-73.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 735" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="DC708E31FFC3FFF25B03FFF9FFD5500A" masterDocTitle="The Smicronychini of southern Africa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Review of the tribe and description of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698929781913" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="824A01824F32996F32D77E8E2E869C6D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="22D79E788CE9C4B3C0CC87A4C256EBC9">
|
||
<mods:title id="79562A42591CA41A9FEF0801E980678D">The Smicronychini of southern Africa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Review of the tribe and description of 12 new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6CCBA41CE0FD7AF33FFC1E6770B53E35" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D551CA75847F6E4D971CAB9C462792B8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="86FB8D874049A502B69A89B8769F71ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6E16A2CC987141627D8A5125F9B4C0A2">Haran, Julien M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2C2677B01FDC190A60D3BAED2DD2E77" type="LSID">A04E1722-994A-44AD-8FD2-28DC0F220805</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="514006B3B2A123E79528A0434A55CE0C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9458-3785</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F36D25F48F39C4F2A8377451A60FCF1D">CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Email: julien. haran @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F4030FCAAF64CD0369639D7D82FFB8F" type="email">julien.haran@cirad.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9D4CBC486A372A1520F8C38A0DCE0497">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="119F5BADE5890871937E42C0E5EF616C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C06FB8E59A4B69BC92A224F15DF27D3E">
|
||
<mods:title id="DF7CABF4CFEB0833066460FD2DF3365E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="341B95BD59BAF0F63A67F68C64DA3CC4">
|
||
<mods:date id="F53A434186CA561934E78C399105B276">2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C7F32E492260EFE3D9B04B60A7DA8C6A" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="B461068060DD64FE897C52B52BAC96F1">2021-02-17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1FD50C3C763099B7D1725AFCC4B2ACBE" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B0B2EC7B5C33F69BC996739C9F0EA41B">735</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7F697BD40084AF02F4720ED16519B1DF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="1F78E45EAAC4D058CD47EFB79A6B8633">34</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="DA6498D0ED3F6B3EB581EE8071653340">73</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="EDFFA55DDB6977D19D53F185F226024F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BE83C50992C82E9F96A5EC036F3AB7F4" type="CLB-Dataset">3474</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B44CF8815C1970317CB92DBAD1656C4C" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1239</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC3839B0CBD97D26FE3DD0BB395A0877" type="GBIF-Dataset">5378cee4-4671-4527-965e-72b98ab75a68</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F8FF4D995282B143A2A99D1DD346AEBA" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B306A4339E1C2BFCD7164C657D7CCF06" type="Zenodo-Dep">5707947</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7B72AC4E07F45151A9FBB0D210A66DD2" type="ZooBank">0E81E516-72A2-40BC-A766-FC66820831D8</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="2049F649FFDCFFED5953FEF1FE9F56B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5493250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5493250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2049F649FFDCFFED5953FEF1FE9F56B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2049F649FFDCFFED5953FEF1FE9F56B2" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5953FEF1FC315129" box="[592,996,264,291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5953FEF1FC315129" blockId="31.[592,996,264,326]" box="[592,996,264,291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="F317F033FFDCFFED5953FEF1FC315129" box="[592,996,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5953FEF1FC315129" ID-CoL="4XVYF" authority="Dietz, 1894" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1894" box="[592,996,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5953FEF1FC865129" bold="true" box="[592,851,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Smicronyx lutulentus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5858FEF1FC315129" author="Dietz W. G." box="[859,996,264,291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="113 - 178" refId="ref20308" refString="Dietz W. G. 1894. Revision of the genera and species of Desmori of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21: 113 - 178." type="journal article" year="1894">Dietz, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED598EFED5FC72514C" box="[653,935,299,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED598EFED5FC72514C" blockId="31.[592,996,264,326]" box="[653,935,299,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<figureCitation id="30DB5BDAFFDCFFED598EFED5FD33514C" box="[653,742,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[230,1381,734,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[189,1398,719,1679]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of species of Smicronychini from southern Africa (Part 2). A. Smicronyx san sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC), bred from Chironia baccifera L. B. S. san sp. nov., ♂, paratype (CBGP), specimen bred from Orphium frutescens L. (E. Mey). C. S. san sp. nov., ♂, paratype (CBGP), specimen bred from Sebaea Sol. ex R.Br. sp. D. Smicronyx drakensbergensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (TMSA). E. Smicronyx zonatus Haran, 2018, ♂, paratype (CBGP), specimen from the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa.F. Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz, 1894, ♂ (CBGP). G. Smicronyx albosquamosus Wollaston, 1854, ♂ (CBGP), specimen from Israel. H. Smicronyx namibicus Haran, 2018, ♂ (MNHN), specimen from Tanzania. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5707953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5707953/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="30DB5BDAFFDCFFED59F1FED5FCC4514C" box="[754,785,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,649,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-46@14.[189,1398,603,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Head and prothorax in lateral view of species of Smicronyx from southern Africa (Part 2). A. Smicronyx paucisquamis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). B. Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1836), ♂, neotype (NHRS). C. Smicronyx australis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). D. Smicronyx san sp. nov., ♂, bred from Chironia baccifera L., holotype (SAMC). E. Smicronyx drakensbergensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (TMSA). F. Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz, 1894, ♂ (CBGP). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5707959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5707959/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="30DB5BDAFFDCFFED581EFED2FC91514C" box="[797,836,299,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-13@17.[189,1398,335,1996]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5 (opposite page). Penis of Smicronyx from southern Africa, in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. A. Sharpia madibai sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). B. Afrosmicronyx cycnii sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). C. Afrosmicronyx louwi sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). D. Afrosmicronyx marshalli sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SANC). E. Afrosmicronyx nebulosipennis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BMNH). F. Smicronyx similis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SANC). G. Smicronyx pseudocoecus sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). H. Smicronyx paucisquamis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). I. Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1836), ♂, neotype (NHRS). J. Smicronyx australis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). K. Smicronyx pauperculus Wollaston, 1864, ♂, specimen from Tanzania. L. Smicronyx san sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC), bred from Chironia baccifera L. M. Smicronyx drakensbergensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (TMSA). N. Smicronyx zonatus Haran, 2018, ♂, paratype (CBGP), specimen from the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. O. Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz, 1894, ♂ (CBGP). P. Smicronyx namibicus Haran, 2018, ♂, holotype (MNHN), specimen from Tanzania. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5708001/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">5O</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E56272E4FFDCFFED5853FED5FC72514C" box="[848,935,300,326]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[189,258,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Checklist, distribution and host plants of Smicronyx of southern Africa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FC9F17D7FFC0FFF15BBEFEF0FBB75129" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="FC9F17D7FFC0FFF15BBEFEF0FBB75129">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BBEFE94FD53518D" box="[189,646,365,391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFE94FD53518D" blockId="31.[189,646,365,391]" box="[189,646,365,391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="88F06071FFDCFFED5BBEFE94FD53518D" box="[189,646,365,391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2941614EFFDCFFED5BBEFE94FD54518D" author="Dietz W. G." box="[189,641,365,391]" page="170" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" year="1894">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5BBEFE94FD54518D" ID-CoL="4XVYF" authority="Dietz, 1894: 170" authorityName="Dietz" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,641,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFE94FE66518D" box="[189,435,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Smicronyx lutulentus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5AB9FE94FD54518D" author="Dietz W. G." box="[442,641,365,391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="113 - 178" refId="ref20308" refString="Dietz W. G. 1894. Revision of the genera and species of Desmori of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21: 113 - 178." type="journal article" year="1894">Dietz, 1894: 170</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BBEFE57FA955210" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFE57FE1C51C2" blockId="31.[189,457,430,456]" box="[189,457,430,456]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="F317F033FFDCFFED5BBEFE57FE1C51C2" bold="true" box="[189,457,430,456]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFE57FE1C51C2" bold="true" box="[189,457,430,456]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFE24FA955210" blockId="31.[187,1398,477,539]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5BBEFE24FE6451FD" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,433,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFE24FE6451FD" box="[189,433,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Smicronyx lutulentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5807FE24FCB751FD" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[772,866,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5807FE24FCB751FD" box="[772,866,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">S. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5895FE24FBB351FD" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[918,1126,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5895FE24FBB351FD" box="[918,1126,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">S. albosquamosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be distinguished from these species by its elytra pattern, bearing broad and rounded scales, and its short penis body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BE9FDB8FB3952A8" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BE9FDB8FE0D5251" blockId="31.[189,1399,577,675]" box="[234,472,577,603]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BE9FDB8FE0D5251" bold="true" box="[234,472,577,603]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFD9CFB3952A8" blockId="31.[189,1399,577,675]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18884D02FFDCFFED5BBEFD9CFB3252A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3407621341" collectingDate="2018-04-12" collectionCode="CBGP" country="South Africa" location="Umhlanga" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="JHAR00911" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal Province">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0F707CFFFDCFFED5BBEFD9CFDB75275" box="[189,610,613,639]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEE68CD6FFDCFFED5984FD9CFD335275" box="[647,742,613,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">6 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A2489BDFFDCFFED59FBFD9CFBFD5275" box="[760,1064,613,639]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">KwaZulu-Natal Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="AD3F1184FFDCFFED5F39FD9CFB6D5275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2049F649FFDCFFED5953FEF1FE9F56B2:AD3F1184FFDCFFED5F39FD9CFB6D5275" box="[1082,1208,613,639]" country="South Africa" name="Umhlanga" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal Province">Umhlanga</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="DC5E619FFFDCFFED5FC9FD9CFAA75275" box="[1226,1394,613,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" value="2018-04-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC1A9877FFDCFFED5FC9FD9CFAA75275" box="[1226,1394,613,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" value="2018-04-12">12 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; population bred at SASRI on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED591AFD71FC8752A8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[537,850,648,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parthenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hysterophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED591AFD71FC8752A8" box="[537,850,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Parthenium hysterophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="F846EF24FFDCFFED5862FD71FC2352A8" box="[865,1014,648,674]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">JHAR00911</specimenCode>
|
||
; ethanol coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEF1DF9AFFDCFFED5F99FD71FB3252A8" box="[1178,1255,648,674]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">CBGP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BBEFD30FEE352E9" box="[189,310,713,739]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFD30FEE352E9" blockId="31.[189,310,713,739]" box="[189,310,713,739]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="F317F033FFDCFFED5BBEFD30FEE352E9" bold="true" box="[189,310,713,739]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFD30FEE352E9" bold="true" box="[189,310,713,739]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BBEFD00FE1E5608" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFD00FE2F5319" blockId="31.[189,506,760,787]" box="[189,506,760,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">BODY LENGTH. 1.6–2.0 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFCC3FD9653B7" blockId="31.[189,1399,825,958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">COLOUR. Body integument black, rostrum black or dark brown, antennae and tarsi dark brown; vestiture of elytra generally consisting of rounded, grey-brown scales, isodiametric or slightly longer than wide, with a few scattered white scales; white scales concentrated on humeri, on sides and at base of median line near scutellum on prothorax.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFC1CFDAF5428" blockId="31.[189,1398,996,1058]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">HEAD. Rostrum in lateral view downcurved at base and almost straight over the rest of length; slightly longer than head capsule + prothorax.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFBB3FDE8548C" blockId="31.[189,1399,1097,1158]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">PROTHORAX. Isodiametric (w/l ratio: 1), sides slightly rounded in basal ¾, constricted apically, widest slightly behind middle of length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFB57FB2854C2" blockId="31.[189,1277,1198,1224]" box="[189,1277,1198,1224]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">ELYTRA. Subparallel in basal two thirds (w/l ratio: 0.70), rounded toward apex in apical third.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFB09FCA55503" blockId="31.[189,880,1263,1290]" box="[189,880,1263,1290]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">LEGS. Femora moderately clavate, unarmed, tibiae straight.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFAC8FC205565" blockId="31.[189,1398,1329,1391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
GENITALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (w/l ratio: 0.43), as long as apodemes, sides straight, subparallel, moderately and regularly curved in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="30DB5BDAFFDCFFED5889FAADFC325565" box="[906,999,1364,1391]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-13@17.[189,1398,335,1996]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5 (opposite page). Penis of Smicronyx from southern Africa, in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. A. Sharpia madibai sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). B. Afrosmicronyx cycnii sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). C. Afrosmicronyx louwi sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). D. Afrosmicronyx marshalli sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SANC). E. Afrosmicronyx nebulosipennis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BMNH). F. Smicronyx similis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SANC). G. Smicronyx pseudocoecus sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). H. Smicronyx paucisquamis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). I. Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1836), ♂, neotype (NHRS). J. Smicronyx australis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC). K. Smicronyx pauperculus Wollaston, 1864, ♂, specimen from Tanzania. L. Smicronyx san sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SAMC), bred from Chironia baccifera L. M. Smicronyx drakensbergensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (TMSA). N. Smicronyx zonatus Haran, 2018, ♂, paratype (CBGP), specimen from the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. O. Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz, 1894, ♂ (CBGP). P. Smicronyx namibicus Haran, 2018, ♂, holotype (MNHN), specimen from Tanzania. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5708001/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5O</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFA6CFE9A55A5" blockId="31.[189,335,1429,1455]" box="[189,335,1429,1455]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="F317F033FFDCFFED5BBEFA6CFE9A55A5" bold="true" box="[189,335,1429,1455]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFA6CFE9A55A5" bold="true" box="[189,335,1429,1455]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEFA3DFE1E5608" blockId="31.[189,1397,1476,1538]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5BBEFA3DFE6755D4" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,434,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEFA3DFE6755D4" box="[189,434,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Smicronyx lutulentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
develops in the seeds of the capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5886FA3DFB6855D4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[901,1213,1476,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parthenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hysterophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5886FA3DFB6855D4" box="[901,1213,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Parthenium hysterophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5FE8FA3DFAA455D4" box="[1259,1393,1476,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5BBEFA1EFE6B5608" author="Dhileepan K. & Madigan B. & Vitelli M. & McFadyen R. & Webster K. & Trevino M." box="[189,446,1511,1538]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="309 - 3012" refId="ref20239" refString="Dhileepan K., Madigan B., Vitelli M., McFadyen R., Webster K. & Trevino M. 1996. A New initiative in the biological control of Parthenium. Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings 11: 309 - 3012." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Dhileepan
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5A3EFA11FEAD560B" box="[317,376,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0FA14D4FFDCFFED5BBEF9D1FE9F56B2" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEF9D1FE835648" blockId="31.[189,342,1576,1602]" box="[189,342,1576,1602]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="F317F033FFDCFFED5BBEF9D1FE835648" bold="true" box="[189,342,1576,1602]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BBEF9D1FE835648" bold="true" box="[189,342,1576,1602]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A85F475FFFDCFFED5BBEF9AEFE9F56B2" blockId="31.[187,1399,1623,1720]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0F707CFFFDCFFED5BBEF9AEFE3F567B" box="[189,490,1623,1649]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A2489BDFFDCFFED5AF8F9AEFD91567B" box="[507,580,1623,1649]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5952F9AEFCDE5678" author="Anderson D. M." box="[593,779,1623,1650]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="185 - 372" refId="ref19816" refString="Anderson D. M. 1962. The Weevil Genus Smicronyx in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 113 (3456): 185 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.113 - 3456.185" type="journal article" year="1962">Anderson 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); introduced as a biocontrol agent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE03CDCFFDCFFED5FCDF9AEFA8C567B" box="[1230,1369,1623,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parthenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5FCDF9AEFA8C567B" box="[1230,1369,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Parthenium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0F707CFFFDCFFED5BBCF983FEFE569E" box="[191,299,1658,1684]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5A3BF983FDE4569F" author="Dhileepan K. & Madigan B. & Vitelli M. & McFadyen R. & Webster K. & Trevino M." box="[312,561,1658,1685]" pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="309 - 3012" refId="ref20239" refString="Dhileepan K., Madigan B., Vitelli M., McFadyen R., Webster K. & Trevino M. 1996. A New initiative in the biological control of Parthenium. Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings 11: 309 - 3012." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Dhileepan
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5AB6F982FE3B569E" box="[437,494,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0F707CFFFDCFFED59B5F983FC0D569E" box="[694,984,1658,1684]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A2489BDFFDCFFED58E6F983FAC4569E" box="[997,1297,1658,1684]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">KwaZulu-Natal Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC713AAEFFDCFFED5E18F983FEE856B2" author="Strathie L. W. & McConnachie A. J. & Retief E." pageId="31" pageNumber="65" pagination="378 - 392" refId="ref21151" refString="Strathie L. W., McConnachie A. J. & Retief E. 2011. Initiation of Biological Control Against Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) in South Africa. African Entomology 19 (2): 378 - 392." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Strathie
|
||
<emphasis id="9A949B4DFFDCFFED5BB8F967FF2356BD" box="[187,246,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |