treatments-xml/data/CA/36/37/CA36370BFFCEFFD5F28FFDC2F692FE3F.xml
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<document id="0279DA1246FB1D29558FE55088D6E398" ID-DOI="10.1126/science.1137614" ID-GBIF-Dataset="556b96ba-30e1-43c3-96ec-6a2c43943e48" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3744436" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586343966378" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="John M. Asara, Mary H. Schweitzer, Lisa M. Freimark, Matthew Phillips &amp; Lewis C. Cantley" docDate="2007" docId="CA36370BFFCEFFD5F28FFDC2F692FE3F" docLanguage="en" docName=" Asraetal2007ABBYY.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Science 316 (5822)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="360F4F73FFCCFFD6F475FFCDFFE5FF8C" masterDocTitle="Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry" masterLastPageNumber="284" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="281" updateTime="1698736454845" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0FF2370CEE2D4F0873DCE73B39C8CFCB">Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C9185532E2C81628C0F788814D2849A">John M. Asara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="041DABB08A13348838D7AAF874DA47F1">division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; and Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="38A53D9AFF9DF9B61C667AA3B775C2F8">Mary H. Schweitzer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ADFD2C0492DFD37CEA4B81A3504E3DF2">Lisa M. Freimark</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81A8A9825DB9436199D1846D160628C4">division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4D3993F376604816A63048A1DA0ACCD6">Matthew Phillips</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C7EE15A46095A5B8B869A1CE72E7637">division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30DA990B31B23E8A917D0554C0B6768B">Lewis C. Cantley</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="19B82CAC923AD9C06FFD11246DCA596A">division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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We sequenced collagen protein fragments derived from fossilized bones of two extinct taxa: a 160,000- to 600,000-year-old mastodon [specimen number Museum of the Rockies (MOR) 605] (
<bibRefCitation id="260EFBECFFCEFFD4F3C7FD73F820FD50" author="C. L. Hill" box="[1970,1989,702,732]" journalOrPublisher="Quat. Int." pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="87" part="142 - 143" refId="ref4605" refString="9. C. L. Hill, Quat. Int. 142 - 143, 87 (2006)." type="journal article" year="2006">9</bibRefCitation>
) and a 68-million-year-old dinosaur
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(
<taxonomicName id="859FFD9EFFCEFFD4F32FFD27F78CFC84" authority="Osborn, 1905" box="[1882,2153,746,776]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
,
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)
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(
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),
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<paragraph id="4220861DFFCEFFD5F2BCFCDBF692FE3F" blockId="2.[1735,2432,349,1302]" lastBlockId="3.[1754,2453,359,1398]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
results that are supported by immunological and molecular analyses published in this issue by Schweitzer
<emphasis id="70EB5A0FFFCEFFD4F318FCA0F818FC07" box="[1901,2045,877,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
et al. (
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).
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We first looked for tryptic peptide fragments from extracts of fossilized bone that matched identically with sequences from an orthologous protein or proteins from extant taxa, thereby identifying the protein(s) of interest. This is a common procedure for conserved proteins from taxa that share genomic information. Next, we generated a protein sequence database of likely drifts in amino acids in other tryptic peptides by comparing amino acid sequences ofthe orthologs from multiple related extant taxa. This approach produced a manageable number of theoretical protein sequences. The predicted peptide fragmentation pattern from these theoretical protein sequences were then compared with the fragmentation patterns of additional peptides derived from extracts of fossilized bone that did not match peptides in public sequence databases (fig. S1).
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