185 lines
19 KiB
XML
185 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="C6C0660DECC5E6FB1C293E9A60E18619" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax waikamoi Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2317B4D5-EE29-4F10-9798-F4EB735454F2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853557" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2317B4D5-EE29-4F10-9798-F4EB735454F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6C0660DECC5E6FB1C293E9A60E18619" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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(013)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2317B4D5-EE29-4F10-9798-F4EB735454F2" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax waikamoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waikamoi">Mecyclothorax waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="41" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 23C, 24B, 25, 26A, 27A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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This is the first of three very similar species, all characterized by small body size-standardized body length in this species = 2.9-3.4 mm-and subovoid elytra with variously punctate discal striae (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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). The three species are all of dark coloration, with rufobrunneous head capsules, rufopiceous pronotal discs, and piceous elytral discs with narrowly paler, rufoflavous to flavous margins.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax waikamoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waikamoi">Mecyclothorax waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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deviates from the other two in the well-developed punctation of elytral striae 1-6 in the basal half of the elytra (Fig. 24B). The eyes also tend to be less convex in this species-ocular ratio = 1.38-1.47-though that span overlaps the range of ocular ratios of the other two species at 1.43-1.51. The male aedeagus (Fig. 26A) can diagnose the species, with males of this species (Fig. 26A) exhibiting a broader, more apically flattened apex to the median lobe. Setal formula 2 1 2 0.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Figure 26. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax obscuricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuricornis">Mecyclothorax obscuricornis</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax waikamoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waikamoi">Mecyclothorax waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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, right view, sac everted (Waikamoi, 1305 m).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax poouli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poouli">Mecyclothorax poouli</taxonomicName>
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, right view B (Kīpahulu, 910 m) C (Kuhiwa, 1590 m) D Sac everted (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1800 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ahulili" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ahulili">Mecyclothorax ahulili</taxonomicName>
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, right view (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pu‘u">Pu'u</normalizedToken>
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Ahulili, 1600 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae submoniliform, antennomere 2 sparsely setose, antennomere 3 with well-developed pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum broad, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.34, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.54, with sinuate lateral margins anterad slightly obtuse hind angles (obtuse due to rounded basal margin inside angle); median base moderately depressed, sparsely punctate, shallow wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression extremely shallow, narrowly incised; anterior transverse impression shallow, narrow, discontinuous medially; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, rounded; distance between front and hind angles subequal, APW/BPW = 0.97-1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge not upraised from front angle to lateral seta, very narrow and beadlike in basal half; laterobasal depression smooth, narrow, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with ~5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subovoid and convex, sides and apex depressed relative to disc; basal groove evenly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.95-2.03; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3 punctures, discontinuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and punctation from base to apex; striae 1-6 and 8 complete, stria 7 shallower, associated intervals convex; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length, setal impression small, spanning about half of interval 3; both apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7(6) setae, and a posterior series of 5(4) setae; elytral marginal depression slightly broader at humerus, narrowed laterally to a beadlike margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Metepisternum with ~5 very shallow punctures in 1 row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.84; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, female apical ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and a median trapezoid of 4-6 short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length, surface glossy; pronotal median base glossy with obsolete transverse sculpticells; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length, transverse lines present on lateral reaches of elytra; elytral apex with transverse sculpticells, breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; metasternum with dis
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<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">tinct</pageBreakToken>
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transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex glossy rufobrunneous to rufopiceous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins and base slightly paler, rufous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufoflavous to rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous on intervals 2-9, sutural interval rufoflavous from base, flavous apically; elytral marginal depression narrowly flavous, apex and intervals 8-9 near apex flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 4-6 rufobrunneous, apical 1/3 of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous, basal half with brunneous to piceous cloud on anterior surface; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe distinctly curved dorsally, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximum breadth dorsad ostial opening (Fig. 26A); dorsal surface expanded at midpoint of ostial opening, apex downturned with apical face flat; internal sac unornamented, lightly spiculated, flagellar plate moderately elongate, length of sclerotized ventral face 0.43
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from parameral articulation to apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a very short, broad pouch, length 0.17 mm, breadth at base 0.25 mm (Fig. 23C); bursal walls thin, transparent, not wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae (Fig. 27A), 4 smaller setae on medial surface; gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex pointed, base little extended laterally,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
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short lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta distinctly broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 27. Left female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax obscuricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuricornis">Mecyclothorax obscuricornis</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax waikamoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waikamoi">Mecyclothorax waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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(Waikamoi, 1265 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax poouli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poouli">Mecyclothorax poouli</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa, 1590 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Male (BPBM) dissected, platen mounted and labeled: ♂ (glued to mounting platen) // Waikamoi, Maui / 4000', VII-1956 // R. Namba / Collector //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="waikamoi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="waikamoi">waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ #5 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="waikamoi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="waikamoi">waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="allotype">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Allotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Female (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. Ukulele / Pipeline 7-V-1998 lot05 / 1550 m el. pyrethrum fog / mossy ohia J.K. Liebherr // 4 //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="waikamoi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="waikamoi">waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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/ ♀ photo // ALLOTYPE / (same labeling as Holotype).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Kula Pipeline Rd., pyrethrin fog log, 1305 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 09, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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, 1265 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 08, Polhemus (NMNH, 2); Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage transect 3, sift litter, 1700 m el., 10-iv-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1) scraping
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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humus/moss, 1700 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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The species epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="waikamoi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="waikamoi">waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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is taken from the Hawaiian Waikamoi, the name of the Maui land section and stream that is translated from Hawaiian as "water of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ruler’s">ruler's</normalizedToken>
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taro (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pukui, MK" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" title="Place Names of Hawai'i" year="1974">Pukui et al. 1974</bibRefCitation>
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)."
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax waikamoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waikamoi">Mecyclothorax waikamoi</taxonomicName>
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is a species of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Ōhi‘a">'Ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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Montane Mesic to Wet Forest from 1200-1700 m elevation in the Waikamoi and Honomanu drainages (Fig. 25). It has been found in ground litter and in mossy humus on the trunks, and in the crotches of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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trees.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |