620 lines
72 KiB
XML
620 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F85E5013D0B60643A735205C157FC010">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42AA813A498F83474F097664CCB43810">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2B117EE6D1D4B4E7D9F1AA0CFE293085">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EA9E1DA09E71C090BA9A08C45F378D2B">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA750A1FFF54FA41FC9A5AFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064217" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA750A1FFF54FA41FC9A5AFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA750A1FFF54FA41FC9A5AFC" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA750A11FF54FA41FDD45C0D" box="[151,581,1518,1545]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF54FA41FDD45C0D" blockId="70.[151,581,1518,1545]" box="[151,581,1518,1545]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA750A11FF54FA41FDD45C0D" bold="true" box="[151,581,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FF54FA41FDD45C0D" ID-CoL="89ZG5" ID-ENA="1141472" authority="(Gough)" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,581,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes" subGenus="Cellia">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FF54FA41FDD45C0D" bold="true" box="[151,581,1518,1545]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FF54FA41FE875C0C" bold="true" box="[151,278,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FEE4FA41FEFE5C0C" bold="true" box="[295,367,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cellia</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE43FA41FE445C0D" bold="true" box="[384,469,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rufipes</emphasis>
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||
(Gough)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA750A11FF54F99CFE2B5D27" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF54F99CFAFA5C6F" blockId="70.[151,1437,1587,1826]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FECFF99CFD8B5C4E" authority="Edwards, 1929 a" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[268,538,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FECFF99CFEFC5C4E" bold="true" box="[268,365,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">broussesi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FEB5F99CFD8B5C4E" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[374,538,1587,1611]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="82 - 87" refId="ref154012" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929 a) A new Anopheles from the central Sahara. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Alge´rie, 7 (1), 82 - 87." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards, 1929a</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FCD8F99CFBFF5C4E" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[795,1134,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi" subGenus="Myzomyia">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FCD8F99CFC145C4E" box="[795,901,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC55F99BFC6F5C4E" box="[918,1022,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Myzomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FBCCF99CFBFF5C4E" box="[1039,1134,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">broussesi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FA9DF99CFA0D5C4E" author="Rioux, J. - A." box="[1374,1436,1587,1611]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="53 - 92" refId="ref175734" refString="Rioux, J. - A. (1961) Contribution a l'etude des culicides (Diptera-Culicidae) du Nord-Tchad. In: Rioux, J. A. (Ed.), Mission Epidemiologique au Nord-Tchad. Arts et Metiers Graphiques, Paris, pp. 53 - 92. [for 1960]" type="journal article" year="1961">Rioux</bibRefCitation>
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||
1961). Distribution:
|
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE56F9FDFE755C6F" box="[405,484,1618,1642]" name="Algeria" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE2DF9FDFDE95C6C" box="[494,632,1618,1642]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD41F9FDFD2B5C6F" box="[642,698,1618,1642]" name="Chad" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD06F9FDFC955C6F" box="[709,772,1618,1642]" name="Egypt" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FCCDF9FDFCC25C6F" box="[782,851,1618,1642]" name="Ghana" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC9EF9FDFC0A5C6F" box="[861,923,1618,1642]" name="Libya" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC67F9FDFC475C6F" box="[932,982,1618,1642]" name="Serbia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC22F9FDFB8D5C6F" box="[993,1052,1618,1642]" name="Niger" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Niger</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FBE5F9FDFAF65C6F" ID-CoL="8F54X" authority="(Wilkerson et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkerson" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1062,1383,1618,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeria">
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||
Nigeria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FBBCF9FDFAF15C6F" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[1151,1376,1618,1642]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FB33F9FCFA8D5C6F" box="[1264,1308,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF54F9DFFE2B5D27" blockId="70.[151,1437,1587,1826]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FEC9F9DFFE7F5C8D" ID-CoL="89ZG5" authority="(Gough, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[266,494,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FEC9F9DFFEC25C8D" bold="true" box="[266,339,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FEA1F9DFFE765C8D" author="Gough, L. H." box="[354,487,1648,1672]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="115 - 121" refId="ref157246" refString="Gough, L. H. (1910) On a collection of Anopheles made at Onderstepoort in the autumn of 1909. Report of the Government Veterinary Bacteriologist / Union of South Africa, 1908 - 09, 115 - 121." type="book chapter" year="1910">Gough, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FD2FF9DFFBEC5C8C" ID-CoL="8H2PW" authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1910" box="[748,1149,1648,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pretoriensis" variety="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FD2FF9DFFB955C8D" box="[748,1028,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Nyssorhynchus pretoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FBF4F9DEFBEC5C8C" box="[1079,1149,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(specific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FA87F9DFFA0C5C8D" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1348,1437,1648,1672]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="241 - 250" refId="ref153125" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1912 c) A key for determining the African species of Anopheles (sensu lato). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3 (3), 241 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300001917" type="journal article" year="1912">Edwards</bibRefCitation>
|
||
1912c). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE61F920FE605CA2" box="[418,497,1679,1703]" name="Algeria" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE39F920FDD65CA2" box="[506,583,1679,1703]" name="Angola" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD90F920FD035CA2" box="[595,658,1679,1703]" name="Benin" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD5EF93FFC925CA2" box="[669,771,1680,1703]" name="Botswana" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FCCDF920FC085CA2" box="[782,921,1679,1703]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC67F920FB815CA2" box="[932,1040,1679,1703]" name="Cameroon" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FBD8F920FA8F5CA2" box="[1051,1310,1679,1703]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FAEAF920FAF05CA2" box="[1321,1377,1679,1703]" name="Chad" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FAAFF920FE8A5CC3" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FEE5F901FD1A5CC3" box="[294,651,1710,1734]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD56F901FD4C5CC3" box="[661,733,1710,1734]" name="Eritrea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD24F901FCD35CC3" box="[743,834,1710,1734]" name="Swaziland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC8FF901FC355CC3" box="[844,932,1710,1734]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC6CF901FC645CC3" box="[943,1013,1710,1734]" name="Gabon" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC3CF901FBC35CC3" box="[1023,1106,1710,1734]" name="Gambia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FB9FF901FB305CC3" box="[1116,1185,1710,1734]" name="Ghana" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FB68F901FB665CC3" box="[1195,1271,1710,1734]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FAC2F901FA085CC3" box="[1281,1433,1710,1734]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FF04F962FE9D5CE0" box="[199,268,1741,1765]" name="Kenya" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FED4F963FE025CE1" box="[279,403,1740,1764]" name="Madagascar" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE5DF963FE7F5CE1" box="[414,494,1740,1764]" name="Malawi" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE3AF963FDBA5CE1" box="[505,555,1740,1764]" name="Serbia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FDF5F963FD395CE1" box="[566,680,1740,1764]" name="Mauritania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD70F963FCAA5CE1" box="[691,827,1740,1764]" name="Mozambique" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC85F963FC315CE1" box="[838,928,1740,1764]" name="Namibia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC68F963FC775CE1" box="[939,998,1740,1764]" name="Niger" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC32F963FBD15CE1" box="[1009,1088,1740,1764]" name="Nigeria" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FB89F963FAA75CE0" box="[1098,1334,1740,1765]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FA82F963FEFA5D06" name="South Africa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FEBBF944FE5A5D06" box="[376,459,1771,1795]" name="Senegal" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FE14F944FDD75D06" box="[471,582,1771,1795]" name="Seychelles" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD90F944FD4A5D06" box="[595,731,1771,1795]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FD24F944FCFC5D06" box="[743,877,1771,1795]" name="South Sudan" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FCB9F944FC2D5D06" box="[890,956,1771,1795]" name="Sudan" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FC0BF944FBB75D06" box="[968,1062,1771,1795]" name="Tanzania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FBF1F943FBF95D01" box="[1074,1128,1772,1796]" name="Togo" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FBB6F944FB575D06" box="[1141,1222,1771,1795]" name="Uganda" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FB10F944FAB25D06" box="[1235,1315,1771,1795]" name="Zambia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FAF3F944FA0D5D06" box="[1328,1436,1771,1795]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FF0DF8A5FE3F5D27" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[206,430,1802,1826]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FEFDF8A4FEFA5D27" box="[318,363,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA750A1FFF54F8FFFC9A5AFC" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A10FF54F8FFFCB95AFC" blockId="70.[151,1436,1872,2043]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The taxa discussed here have very similar larval, pupal and male genitalic characters. Most are illustrated or discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FF76F8DBFE695D8B" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[181,504,1908,1934]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The adult females are distinguished from other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FAF0F8DBFAE65D8B" box="[1331,1399,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FAF0F8DBFAE65D8B" box="[1331,1399,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: Lack of shaggy palpus; uniformly brownish leg coloration; various extent of white banding on the hindtarsomeres; medium to broad pale scutal scales either in a regular pattern or grading to evenly distributed; usually with 6 distinct pale wing spots and pale fringe spots at the ends of all veins except the anal vein; abdomen uniformly without scales; gonocoxite of male with 4 parabasal setae and aedeagus with several pairs of unmodified leaflets; larval setae 2,3-C long with sparse branches; blades of palmate setae with very short stumpy filaments, the setae resembling blunt-looking fans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04FEACFE705BF0" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04FEACFEF75B18" author="Gough, L. H." box="[199,358,259,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="115 - 121" refId="ref157246" refString="Gough, L. H. (1910) On a collection of Anopheles made at Onderstepoort in the autumn of 1909. Report of the Government Veterinary Bacteriologist / Union of South Africa, 1908 - 09, 115 - 121." type="book chapter" year="1910">Gough (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE22FEACFDBE5B18" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[481,559,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE22FEACFDBE5B18" box="[481,559,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FD23FEACFB4B5B18" authority="Theobald, 1903 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[736,1242,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD23FEACFB875B19" box="[736,1046,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Nyssorhynchus pretoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FBDEFEACFB4B5B18" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1053,1242,259,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FAD4FEACFEBC5B44" authority="Gough, 1910" authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FAD4FEACFA0D5B19" box="[1303,1436,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">pretoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF54FE88FEBC5B44" author="Gough, L. H." box="[151,301,295,321]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="115 - 121" refId="ref157246" refString="Gough, L. H. (1910) On a collection of Anopheles made at Onderstepoort in the autumn of 1909. Report of the Government Veterinary Bacteriologist / Union of South Africa, 1908 - 09, 115 - 121." type="book chapter" year="1910">Gough, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE19FE88FCD85B44" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[474,841,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE19FE88FD125B45" box="[474,643,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An. squamosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FD49FE88FCD85B44" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[650,841,295,321]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from collections made in Onderstepoort, Transvaal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FF54FEE4FE3E5B60" box="[151,431,331,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Gough’s description is brief but he noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC6DFEE4FBDE5B60" box="[942,1103,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pretoriensis" variety="rufipes">
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBC2FEE4FBDE5B60" box="[1025,1103,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has “uniformly ruddy brown” legs, quite different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE00FEC0FDD95B8D" authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1910" box="[451,584,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE00FEC0FDD95B8D" box="[451,584,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">pretoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has speckled femora and tibiae. Other distinctive adult and larval characters that separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE69FE3CFDBE5BA9" authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1910" box="[426,559,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE69FE3CFDBE5BA9" box="[426,559,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">pretoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FDBBFE3CFD575BA8" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[632,710,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FDBBFE3CFD575BA8" box="[632,710,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also evident. Without comment, in a key,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FB19FE3CFA0D5BA8" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1242,1436,403,429]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="241 - 250" refId="ref153125" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1912 c) A key for determining the African species of Anopheles (sensu lato). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3 (3), 241 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300001917" type="journal article" year="1912">Edwards (1912c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FEDAFE18FEF65BD4" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[281,359,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FEDAFE18FEF65BD4" box="[281,359,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species and also placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FD6FFE18FC7F5BD4" authority="Edwards, 1911 a" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1911" box="[684,1006,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD6FFE18FCA15BD5" box="[684,816,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FCFBFE18FC7F5BD4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[824,1006,439,465]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="141 - 143" refId="ref152930" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1911 a) Some new West African species of Anopheles (sensu lato), with notes on nomenclature. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2 (2), 141 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300001334" type="journal article" year="1911">Edwards, 1911a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Katagumm Northern Provinces,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FF54FE74FF7F5BF0" box="[151,238,475,501]" name="Nigeria" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in synonymy with it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04FE50FB975910" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04FE50FE18581C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[199,393,511,537]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="82 - 87" refId="ref154012" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929 a) A new Anopheles from the central Sahara. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Alge´rie, 7 (1), 82 - 87." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FDC5FE50FDFE581C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[518,623,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FDC5FE50FDFE581C" box="[518,623,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “Djanet, the most southerly post in the Algerian Sahara… on the southern extremity of the Tasili n Ajjer [
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD98FD8CFDEB5839" box="[603,634,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] mountains.”
|
||
<location id="9B6D6000BA740A10FCDAFD8CFCF55838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA750A1FFF54FA41FC9A5AFC:9B6D6000BA740A10FCDAFD8CFCF55838" box="[793,868,547,573]" country="Algeria" county="The" municipality="Djanet Province" name="Djanet" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Djanet</location>
|
||
is the capital of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E69ACA1BA740A10FBDDFD8CFB475838" box="[1054,1238,547,573]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Djanet Province</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, an oasis city in a hot desert climate in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FDD6FDE8FDFC5864" box="[533,621,583,609]" name="Algeria" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="776C4E57BA740A10FDB4FDE8FD325864" box="[631,675,583,609]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
adult female has a combination of distinguishing characters: “Palpi of
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA740A10FF7AFDC4FF5F5880" box="[185,206,619,645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
slender, dark, with three very narrow white rings on joints, last segment almost entirely dark…”; scutum with well-defined lines of supraalar, dorsocentral and acrostichal scales; vein
|
||
<specimenCode id="CE149EA0BA740A10FBC1FD20FB8F58AA" box="[1026,1054,655,687]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA740A10FBD6FD0EFB8F58AA" attach="left" box="[1045,1054,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">4</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
+5 mostly dark with a pair of small subbasal pale spots (illustrated but not noted by Edwards); legs with “extremely faint pale rings present at tips of first four segments [tarsomeres 1–4] of hind tarsi; last hind tarsal segment [tarsomere 5] in several specimens entirely cream-coloured, but in others apparently dark like remainder of tarsi.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04FCB0FCA35E14" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04FCB0FEF3593C" author="Evans, A. M." box="[199,354,799,825]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the nominotypical form in detail but did not compare it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB03FCB0FAB8593C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1216,1321,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB03FCB0FAB8593C" box="[1216,1321,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She did, however, recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FEB4FCECFC825958" authority="Edwards, 1929 b" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[375,787,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufipes" variety="ingrami">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FEB4FCECFE545958" box="[375,453,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE3FFCECFDC45959" box="[508,597,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ingrami</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FD98FCECFC825958" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[603,787,835,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref154047" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929 b) Mosquito notes. - VIII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 20 (3), 321 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300021283" type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards, 1929b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a current synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FBD1FCECFB3D5958" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1042,1196,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="broussesi">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB80FCECFB3D5958" box="[1091,1196,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FAFEFCECFF735984" author="Harbach, R. E." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FEDBFCC8FD8C5984" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[280,541,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE50FCC8FE555984" box="[403,452,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FDA2FCC8FD705984" box="[609,737,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Nyssorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pretoriensis" subSpecies="rufipes">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD50FCC8FD705984" box="[659,737,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FCD0FCC8FBC35984" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[787,1106,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Evans noted several features that can be contrasted with Edwards’s (1929a) characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC82FC24FC3B59A0" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[833,938,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC82FC24FC3B59A0" box="[833,938,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Female palpus with 3 pale bands, the first 2 broad; scutum nearly evenly covered with somewhat broad pale scales; vein R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA740A10FBCFFC6EFBB459CA" attach="left" box="[1036,1061,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">4+5</subScript>
|
||
with a single small subbasal pale spot and long median pale spot (illustrated but not noted by Evans); hindtarsomere 2 pale on apical 0.4 and on all of tarsomeres 3–5; larval seta 2-C single or with fine aciculae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04FBB4FDD75EC0" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04FBB4FE0D5E30" author="de Meillon, B." box="[199,412,1051,1077]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">De Meillon (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE3BFBB4FDE45E30" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[504,629,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE3BFBB4FDE45E30" box="[504,629,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An. rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FD6EFBB4FC2D5E31" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[685,956,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufipes" variety="ingrami">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD6EFBB4FD5D5E30" box="[685,716,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD1FFBB4FCBB5E30" box="[732,810,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FCA0FBB4FC2D5E31" box="[867,956,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ingrami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in keys, descriptions and illustrations, but did not mention
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE8DFB90FE265E5C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[334,439,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE8DFB90FE265E5C" box="[334,439,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, perhaps because he considered it to be a Saharan taxon.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FBF1FB90FAF95E5C" author="Senevet, G. & Andarelli, L." box="[1074,1384,1086,1113]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref177620" refString="Senevet, G. & Andarelli, L. (1956) Les Anopheles de l'Afrique du Nord et du Bassin Mediterraneen. Encyclopedie entomologique, 33, l - 280." type="book" year="1956">Senevet & Andarelli (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a treatise on species of North Africa and the Mediterranean basin, used Edwards’s (1929a) characters and illustration of the wing, and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE17FB28FDAC5EA4" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[468,573,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE17FB28FDAC5EA4" box="[468,573,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a species. It is to be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC1BFB28FBD05EA4" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[984,1089,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC1BFB28FBD05EA4" box="[984,1089,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FBB4FB28FB545EA4" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1143,1221,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBB4FB28FB545EA4" box="[1143,1221,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both were listed as separate species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FEACFB04FDD35EC0" author="Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H." box="[367,578,1194,1221]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE76FB04FE765EC0" box="[437,487,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1959)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04FB60FCDA5CB8" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04FB60FECD5EEC" author="Rioux, J. - A." box="[199,348,1231,1257]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="53 - 92" refId="ref175734" refString="Rioux, J. - A. (1961) Contribution a l'etude des culicides (Diptera-Culicidae) du Nord-Tchad. In: Rioux, J. A. (Ed.), Mission Epidemiologique au Nord-Tchad. Arts et Metiers Graphiques, Paris, pp. 53 - 92. [for 1960]" type="journal article" year="1961">Rioux (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed geographic distribution, variation in the extent of hindtarsal pale scaling, and the extent and distribution of pale scutal scales, to determine that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FCD2FB5CFCCE5F08" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[785,863,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FCD2FB5CFCCE5F08" box="[785,863,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consisted of three subspecies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB01FB5CFA045F08" box="[1218,1429,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB01FB5CFB705F08" box="[1218,1249,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB32FB5CFA045F08" box="[1265,1429,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FF54FAB8FE145F34" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,389,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FF54FAB8FF275F34" box="[151,182,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FF05FAB8FE145F34" box="[198,389,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE7DFAB8FCA55F34" authority="Rioux, 1959" authorityName="Rioux" authorityYear="1959" box="[446,820,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="seneveti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE7DFAB8FE4C5F34" box="[446,477,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE2EFAB8FD0C5F35" box="[493,669,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes seneveti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FD66FAB8FCA55F34" author="Rioux, J. - A." box="[677,820,1302,1329]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref175701" refString="Rioux, J. - A. (1959) Liste sommaire des Culicides du Nord-Tchad. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 34 (5 - 6), 733." type="journal article" year="1959">Rioux, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This was the first time
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB8AFAB8FB235F34" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1097,1202,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB8AFAB8FB235F34" box="[1097,1202,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FEF4FA94FE145F50" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[311,389,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FEF4FA94FE145F50" box="[311,389,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomic treatment of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FD14FA94FC655F50" author="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M." box="[727,1012,1339,1365]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref156883" refString="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M. (1987) A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 55, 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1987">Gillies & Coetzee (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and catalog listings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FB24FA94FF435F7C" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF1CFAF0FEF95F7C" author="White, G. B." box="[223,360,1375,1401]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="114 - 148" refId="ref184573" refString="White, G. B. (1980) Family Culicidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 114 - 148." type="book chapter" year="1980">White 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FEB5FAF0FD895F7C" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[374,536,1375,1401]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FDE5FAF0FC8F5F7C" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[550,798,1375,1401]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD61FAF0FD445F7C" box="[674,725,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) followed the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FBB3FAF0FA855F7C" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1136,1300,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBB3FAF0FA855F7C" box="[1136,1300,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FA8DFAF0FE915F98" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FA8DFAF0FA0D5F7C" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1358,1436,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">rufipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FF54FA2CFE915F98" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,256,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">broussesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FECFFA2CFE7B5F98" author="Hamon, J." box="[268,490,1411,1437]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="892 - 906" refId="ref158172" refString="Hamon, J. (1961) Les Eretmapodites du groupe oedipodius Graham. 1. Descriptions complementaires et position systematique des six sous-especes actuellement cannues. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 54 (4), 892 - 906." type="journal article" year="1961">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FEA7FA2CFE025F98" box="[356,403,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1961)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named a new variety,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FD1EFA2CFB8D5F98" box="[733,1052,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufipes" variety="brucechwatti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD1EFA2CFD6D5F98" box="[733,764,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FCCBFA2CFCC75F98" box="[776,854,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC49FA2CFB8D5F98" box="[906,1052,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">brucechwatti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FACBFA2CFA0D5F98" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1288,1436,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FACBFA2CFAB65F98" box="[1288,1319,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FAF0FA2CFA0D5F98" box="[1331,1436,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE97FA08FE415FC4" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[340,464,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE97FA08FEE25FC4" box="[340,371,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE41FA08FE415FC4" box="[386,464,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species with varieties
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FCC7FA08FCCC5FC5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1916" box="[772,861,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingrami">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FCC7FA08FCCC5FC5" box="[772,861,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ingrami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC56FA08FC7E5FC5" box="[917,1007,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">seneveti</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FC3CFA08FA875FC4" author="DuBose, W. P. & Curtin, T. J." box="[1023,1302,1446,1473]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="349 - 355" refId="ref152025" refString="DuBose, W. P. & Curtin, T. J. (1965) Identification keys to the adult and larval mosquitoes of the Mediterranean area. Journal of Medical Entomology, 1 (4), 349 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 1.4.349" type="journal article" year="1965">Dubose & Curtin (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who stated they used the collection of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FE3BFA64FDA35FE0" box="[504,562,1483,1509]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">U. S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum extensively, presumably with Alan Stone’s input, retained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FF54FA40FE915C0C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,256,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FF54FA40FE915C0C" box="[151,256,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species. Variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE3BFA40FDC35C0D" box="[504,594,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">seneveti</emphasis>
|
||
was later placed in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC30FA40FB735C0C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1011,1250,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC30FA40FB835C0C" box="[1011,1042,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBE1FA40FB735C0C" box="[1058,1250,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FAD3FA40FED45C28" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as was
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE64F9BCFDA85C28" box="[423,569,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">brucechwatti</emphasis>
|
||
. We note that the illustration of the wing of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBFAF9BCFB025C29" box="[1081,1171,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">seneveti</emphasis>
|
||
differs from illustrated wings of the other nominal forms in having a nearly entirely pale-scaled vein CuA, suggesting its possible validity.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF54F9F4FE435C70" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[151,466,1627,1653]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FD57F9F4FCF45C70" box="[660,869,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FD57F9F4FCF45C70" box="[660,869,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An. rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC58F9F4FB165C70" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[923,1159,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC58F9F4FC2B5C70" box="[923,954,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC0AF9F4FB165C70" box="[969,1159,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FAE6F9F4FAEF5C71" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1916" box="[1317,1406,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingrami">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FAE6F9F4FAEF5C71" box="[1317,1406,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ingrami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FE76F9D0FD925C9C" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[437,515,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FE76F9D0FD925C9C" box="[437,515,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FDA0F9D0FD5D5C9C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[611,716,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FDA0F9D0FD5D5C9C" box="[611,716,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FC42F9D0FBA05C9C" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[897,1073,1663,1689]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FBA4F9D0FAFC5C9C" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[1127,1389,1663,1689]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB22F9D0FA835C9C" box="[1249,1298,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We do not know the source of this placement, or which is correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A10FF04F968FD4F5D48" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FF04F968FDF35CE4" author="da Cunha Ramos, H. & Ribeiro, H." box="[199,610,1734,1761]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="111 - 141" refId="ref149829" refString="da Cunha Ramos, H. & Ribeiro, H. (1975) Research on the mosquitoes of Angola (Diptera: Culicidae) IX - Genera Toxorhynchites Theo., 1901, Malaya Leicester, 1908, Ficalbia Theo [sic], 1903, Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905, Mansonia Blanchard, 1901, Uranotaenia L. Arribalzaga, 1891, Aedeomyia Theo., 1901, Eretmapodites Theo., 1901 and Culiseta Felt, 1904. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2 (1 / 4), 111 - 141." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Ribeiro & da
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FEA8F968FE255CE4" box="[363,436,1735,1761]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ramos (1975)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recognized subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC6FF968FBC25CE4" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[940,1107,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC6FF968FBC25CE4" box="[940,1107,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB53F968FAC85CE4" box="[1168,1369,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB53F968FB4F5CE4" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1168,1246,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">rufipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB2AF968FAC45CE4" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1257,1365,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">broussesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
They stated: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FF36F944FE2B5D00" box="[245,442,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FF36F944FE2B5D00" box="[245,442,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread subspecies of African savannas, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FBF2F944FA805D00" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1073,1297,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufipes" subSpecies="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBF2F944FA805D00" box="[1073,1297,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. rufipes broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the western portion of the Northern Savanna of Moreau.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA740A10FC8CF8A0FBBD5D2C" author="Julvez, J. & Mouchet, J. & Suzzoni, J. & Larrouy, G. & Fauta, A. & Fontenille, D." box="[847,1068,1807,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="321 - 326" refId="ref161691" refString="Julvez, J., Mouchet, J., Suzzoni, J., Larrouy, G., Fauta, A. & Fontenille, D. (1998) Les anopheles du Niger. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 91 (4), 321 - 326." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Julvez
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC5CF8A0FC435D2C" box="[927,978,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FA8DF8A0FF745D48" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FA8DF8A0FF745D48" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FED8F89CFE485D48" box="[283,473,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FED8F89CFEF85D48" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[283,361,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">rufipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FEB3F89CFE485D48" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[368,473,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">broussesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are sympatric in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA740A10FD58F89CFD4B5D48" box="[667,730,1843,1869]" name="Chad" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA740A1FFF04F8F8FC9A5AFC" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
We believe that the above provides evidence of two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC57F8F8FC735D74" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[916,994,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC57F8F8FC735D74" box="[916,994,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FBE3F8F8FB185D74" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1056,1161,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FBE3F8F8FB185D74" box="[1056,1161,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FB59F8F8FAF95D74" baseAuthorityName="Gough" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1178,1384,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FB59F8F8FAF95D74" box="[1178,1384,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anopheles rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a variable, widespread Afrotropical species, or species complex, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA740A10FC53F8D4FBB65D90" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[912,1063,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC53F8D4FC3E5D90" box="[912,943,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA740A10FC7DF8D4FBB65D90" box="[958,1063,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a hot-dry climate Saharan and Mediterranean species. The observed variability, mostly in the pattern of palpal and hindtarsal pale scales, has been expressed by authors using varietal or subspecies names, which have been used over time in many different combinations. We see no empirical evidence of genetic independence other than between these two species, and therefore return
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7B0A1FFE8EFF14FE275AD0" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[333,438,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFE8EFF14FE275AD0" box="[333,438,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7B0A1FFD43FF15FB015AD1" authority="Edwards, 1929 a" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[640,1168,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFD43FF15FB015AD1" bold="true" box="[640,1168,186,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFD43FF15FD685AD0" bold="true" box="[640,761,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFCC9FF15FCDF5AD0" bold="true" box="[778,846,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFC9DFF15FC585AD0" bold="true" box="[862,969,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA7B0A1FFC12FF14FB015AD1" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[977,1168,186,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="82 - 87" refId="ref154012" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929 a) A new Anopheles from the central Sahara. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Alge´rie, 7 (1), 82 - 87." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards, 1929a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA7B0A1FFB5DFF14FA125AD0" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1182,1411,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA7B0A1FFB5DFF14FA125AD0" box="[1182,1411,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Anopheles broussesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |