420 lines
52 KiB
XML
420 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="D42771E1408B06923FCF80E6E19D92E5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10438079" ID-ZooBank="6D86633F-0167-414D-B511-550BCBE578CD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703752267404" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Turner, James & Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad" docDate="2023" docId="03D45C56140D0F77178C87D2FCE1A7BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5394.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5394 (1)" docSource="https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5394.1.1/52549" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFED242E14290F52171B835CFFB2A745" masterDocTitle="An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1703753015972" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E90C287C3C976B39E432B69BDB840112">An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9AE84FE33D32598765DD01FA892356A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C07B56B5AFFF3DC8EEDA650974D235F1">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93E2FB6BE17D5E536AA69051CF4353D4">Centre for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P. O. Box 2095, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dawaha @ hotmail. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5642 - 7247</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D5C373BE254DB5B21E0D0F19D1FAA14C" type="email">dawaha@hotmail.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B99374CB04B17D9D7F27701FB8A160E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2A23DEDD680080B32F890C0D1010C604">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E98C7A866DD125E08296DE5D3940256" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3323-3623</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="58A49CD81BAEC20D3726783154CE7808">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F97DB47465485083B7181E6E9400BC70" type="email">mohd_robiya@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DC2091E323621C0DB9EE7E80B9AA7148">Ahmad, Syed Kamran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4880C1C2F105B0BACBD4B686A6F59783" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6211-2345</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D576C972A1AFF108559DFD8EED358FE">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India entosaif @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6211 - 2345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6A730F58AD2BB3629DF4F053AC405B8" type="email">entosaif@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B74E420156A188938D598D38028226D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AFC719E809E12BD2973C01F30CB7AF8A">Turner, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D050C3ED89F774425ABE0B2B5A3EB4D2" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2411-7396</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE91E7DB36342099A77D39D5312F52ED">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK James. Turner @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2411 - 7396</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8A56F9ABB7E34B7DDDE22FE421999FD" type="email">urner@museumwales.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9381C51F7F13E27EA19AAF3B89CF9E23">Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B8014CA84117682E6CC31135D6F4882">Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran azari @ gums. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9370 - 9638 * Corresponding author: azari @ gums. ac. ir</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="02D1A67C22BC2E795103ABC30A2C6062" type="email">azari@gums.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="24571207498404DA3402C097C3BA3C98">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DF214F61A8564333E234F19A112941C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5B19B861DAEDB55D0315055467AEE812">
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<mods:date id="4A54EC96B20E22980373C4A7E3684C26">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ACB71973F95A6727C453ADF8C87834A7">2023-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="816058B8469E07ED1E28934DF0121983" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="89F7E99297022363DA5789A6B477542E">5394</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3857AAE52EB6EF75F25448D1A478DCA6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4AD60021D20EF7AE956DC888F5F1F70B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8F88041739ECB9E0C04FDA90C20A420F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CAACE2FBD9522546D1A7A1516D525B01">76</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="631AF84A8072838DB009376E14C6F524">https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5394.1.1/52549</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8D06A168D6F0358FBBCAAE31B808985D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="97DBDCDDC588F54FF6C04FF844FCC27A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1DB8BFDD78FD294C85C286062D56907A" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D45C56140D0F77178C87D2FCE1A7BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10438239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D45C56140D0F77178C87D2FCE1A7BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D45C56140D0F77178C87D2FCE1A7BC" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB140D0F76178C87D2FCB6A3ED" box="[151,772,1166,1193]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED40140D0F76178C87D2FCB6A3ED" blockId="36.[151,772,1166,1193]" box="[151,772,1166,1193]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D08A5A2C140D0F76178C87D2FCB6A3ED" bold="true" box="[151,772,1166,1193]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76178C87D2FCB6A3ED" bold="true" box="[151,772,1166,1193]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F76178C87D2FD27A3EC" ID-CoL="8BMMQ" authority="Say, 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,661,1166,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus" subGenus="Culex">
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76178C87D2FF6DA3EC" bold="true" box="[151,223,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7617EB87D2FE8AA3EC" bold="true" box="[240,312,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Culex</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76165287D2FDAAA3ED" bold="true" box="[329,536,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76150487D3FD27A3EC" author="Say, T." box="[543,661,1167,1193]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="9 - 54" refId="ref58437" refString="Say, T. (1823) Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3 (1), 9 - 54." type="journal article" year="1823">Say, 1823</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1346F1C5140D0F7615BF87D2FD4EA3ED" box="[676,764,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[482,1106,309,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-63@37.[482,1106,309,1197]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 35. Culex quinquefasciatus, female (photo by James Turner, National Museum of Wales)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10438189/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB140D0F76178C878BFD1EA3B4" box="[151,684,1239,1265]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED40140D0F76178C878BFD1EA3B4" blockId="36.[151,1437,1239,2021]" box="[151,684,1239,1265]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="3B15E71D140D0F76178C878BFD15A3B4" box="[151,679,1239,1265]" country="United States of America" location="River" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76178C878BFE84A3B4" bold="true" box="[151,310,1239,1265]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<typeStatus id="54C653E2140D0F76178C878BFF60A3B4" box="[151,210,1239,1265]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49B923A2140D0F761627878BFE0EA3B4" box="[316,444,1239,1265]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EA2BB9B140D0F7616D8878BFDB1A3B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D45C56140D0F77178C87D2FCE1A7BC:8EA2BB9B140D0F7616D8878BFDB1A3B4" box="[451,515,1239,1265]" country="United States of America" name="River" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Mississippi">River</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F761515878BFD15A3B4" box="[526,679,1239,1265]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">United States</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB140D0F7617DC87A7FA35A157" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED40140D0F7617DC87A7FA35A157" blockId="36.[151,1437,1239,2021]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7617DC87A7FED3A250" bold="true" box="[199,353,1275,1301]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species is cosmotropical (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7615CB87A7FBA4A250" author="Azari-Hamidian, S. & Norouzi, B. & Harbach, R. E." box="[720,1046,1275,1301]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="106 - 122" refId="ref41690" refString="Azari-Hamidian, S., Norouzi, B. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 194, 106 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2019.03.019" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Azari-Hamidian
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76148887A0FC7DA250" box="[915,975,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In the Middle East, it occurs in
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F76178C8643FF41A27C" box="[151,243,1311,1337]" name="Bahrain" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bahrain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7617E58643FE9CA27C" box="[254,302,1311,1337]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7616238643FEDAA27C" box="[312,360,1311,1337]" name="Iraq" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7616688643FE7AA27C" box="[371,456,1311,1337]" name="Kuwait" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7616C88643FDA8A27C" box="[467,538,1311,1337]" name="Oman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Oman</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F76153D8643FDD4A27C" box="[550,614,1311,1337]" name="Qatar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Qatar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F76156B8643FCB6A27C" box="[624,772,1311,1337]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7614148643FCFFA27C" box="[783,845,1311,1337]" name="Syria" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Syria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7614438643FC1BA27C" box="[856,937,1311,1337]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7614AF8643FB1AA27C" box="[948,1192,1311,1337]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F7613C78643FA98A27C" box="[1244,1322,1311,1337]" name="Yemen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7612238643FF60A218" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref45874" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards 1914</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7617C6861FFEC9A21B" author="Knight, K. L." box="[221,379,1347,1374]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="212 - 234" refId="ref51922" refString="Knight, K. L. (1953 b) The mosquitoes of the Yemen (Diptera, Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 55 (5), 212 - 234." type="journal article" year="1953">Knight 1953b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76169D861FFDB9A21B" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[390,523,1347,1374]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="703 - 721" refId="ref52622" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1956) The Culex mosquitoes of the Sudan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47 (4), 703 - 721. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046940" type="journal article" year="1956">Lewis 1956</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76150D861FFC84A21B" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[534,822,1347,1374]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref53894" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia. I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight 1956</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76145B861FFBA5A218" author="Abdel-Malek, A." box="[832,1047,1347,1373]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="111 - 128" refId="ref37944" refString="Abdel-Malek, A. (1960) The culicine mosquitoes of the northern region of the United Arab Republic. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 44, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1960">Abdel-Malek 1960</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7617DC8547FE86A170" bold="true" box="[199,308,1563,1589]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
. While
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7616968547FDB8A170" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[397,522,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7616968547FDB8A170" box="[397,522,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is mostly ornithophilic,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7614078547FBB5A170" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[796,1031,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7614078547FBB5A170" box="[796,1031,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is primarily anthropophilic and also opportunistically feeds on other warm-blooded vertabrates, including birds, domestic animals and small mammals. The species is autogenous (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7616D7853FFD77A138" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A." box="[460,709,1635,1661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref62791" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols 1 and 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltomore, Maryland, 1308 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
|
Wilkerson
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7615528538FD30A138" box="[585,642,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7615C3853FFC63A138" author="Alahmed, A. M. & Munawar, K. & Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E." box="[728,977,1635,1661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="356" refId="ref39036" refString="Alahmed, A. M., Munawar, K., Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) Assessment and an updated list of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 019 - 3579 - 4" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Alahmed
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76145D8538FCCAA138" box="[838,888,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2019)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
discussed the issue of collection records and the difficulty of identifying the adults, especially females, of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F76149085DBFBBEA1E4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[907,1036,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76149085DBFBBEA1E4" box="[907,1036,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F76135C85DBFA86A1E4" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1095,1332,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76135C85DBFA86A1E4" box="[1095,1332,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD0140D0F76124785DBFF54A180" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and recommended that studies should be based on dissection of male genitalia or DNA sequence analysis of larvae and adults in order to verify the identifications and records of these species. However,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7613F18593FA2EA1AF" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[1258,1436,1743,1770]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="83 - 107" refId="ref48831" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1985) Pictorial keys to the genera of mosquitoes, subgenera of Culex and the species of Culex (Culex) occurring in southwestern Asia and Egypt, with note on the subgeneric placement of Culex deserticola (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 17 (2), 83 - 107." type="journal article" year="1985">Harbach (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
reported that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F76162A85AFFE00A048" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[305,434,1779,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76162A85AFFE00A048" box="[305,434,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7616F685AFFD69A048" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[493,731,1779,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7616F685AFFD69A048" box="[493,731,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
could be distinguished morphologically using features of the wing venation. Recently,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7616A7844BFD77A074" author="Noureldin, E. & Dafalla, O. & Hakami, A. & Jubran, M. & Alzhrani, A. & Mujally, M. & Shajari, O. & Khardali, A. & Eisa, Z." box="[444,709,1815,1841]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="5563916" refId="ref55828" refString="Noureldin, E., Dafalla, O., Hakami, A., Jubran, M., Alzhrani, A., Mujally, M., Shajari, O., Khardali, A. & Eisa, Z. (2021) Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, and their molecular identification. International Journal of Zoology, 2021, 5563916. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2021 / 5563916" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Noureldin
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76152C8444FDD8A074" box="[567,618,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2021)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
utilized, for the first time, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7617E38467FE57A010" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[248,485,1851,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7617E38467FEA5A010" box="[248,279,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76163C8467FE57A010" box="[295,485,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49B923A2140D0F7615218467FD7FA010" box="[570,717,1851,1877]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Jizan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Jazan region</collectingRegion>
|
|
. In some old records in the region (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7613778467FA25A013" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[1132,1431,1851,1878]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref53894" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia. I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76178C8403FEDDA03C" author="Abdel-Malek, A." box="[151,367,1887,1913]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="111 - 128" refId="ref37944" refString="Abdel-Malek, A. (1960) The culicine mosquitoes of the northern region of the United Arab Republic. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 44, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1960">Abdel-Malek 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the species was referred to as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7615CA8403FC57A03C" authority="Wiedemann" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1828" box="[721,997,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatigans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7615CA8403FCEAA03C" box="[721,856,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. fatigans</emphasis>
|
|
Wiedemann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7613118403FB5BA03C" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1828" box="[1034,1257,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pipiens" subSpecies="fatigans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7613118403FB5BA03C" box="[1034,1257,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cx. pipiens fatigans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC2ED40140D0F7717DC84DFFCE1A7BC" blockId="36.[151,1437,1239,2021]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7617DC84DFFE0CA0D8" bold="true" box="[199,446,1923,1949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Medical importance.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F7616DE84DFFD79A0D8" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[453,715,1923,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7616DE84DFFD79A0D8" box="[453,715,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Culex quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is an important vector of Rift Valley fever and West Nile viruses (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F76178584FBFE27A084" author="Schaffner, F. & Bansal, D. & Mardini, K. & Al-Marri, S. A. & Al-Thani, M. H. J. & Al-Romaihi, H. & Sultan, A. A. & Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A." box="[158,405,1959,1985]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref58553" refString="Schaffner, F., Bansal, D., Mardini, K., Al-Marri, S. A. Al-Thani, M. H. J., Al-Romaihi, H., Sultan, A. A., Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A. (2021) Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 39 (1), 3 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.52004 / JEMCA 2021. x 001" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Schaffner
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76160D84F4FEFBA084" box="[278,329,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140D0F7616B884FBFDCEA084" author="Simsaa, M. A. A. & Harbach, R. E. & Almalik, A. M. A. & Ahmed, E. M. & Eisa, A. A. & Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S." box="[419,636,1959,1985]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref59714" refString="Simsaa, M. A. A., Harbach, R. E., Almalik, A. M. A., Ahmed, E. M., Eisa, A. A., Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S. (2021) Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in central and northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country. Zootaxa, 4963 (3), 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Simsaa
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F7616E684F4FD82A084" box="[509,560,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is also an obligatory potential vector of the nematode
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140D0F76120084FBFF4FA0A0" baseAuthorityName="Service" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Chromadorea" family="Onchocercidae" genus="Wuchereria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140D0F76120084FBFF4FA0A0" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Wuchereria bancrofti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which causes Bancroftian filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis virus all over the world, including the Middle East (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F77162C83CBFD0BA7F4" author="World Health Organization" box="[311,697,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref63004" refString="World Health Organization. (1972) Report of the WHO formal consultation on the " evaluation on the testing of insecticides ". WHO / HQ, Geneva, 69 pp." type="book" year="1972">World Health Organization 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F7715D383CBFC5DA7F4" author="Arunachalam, N. & Samuel, P. P. & Hiriyan, J. & Thenmozhi, V. & Gajanana, A." box="[712,1007,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="456 - 461" refId="ref41358" refString="Arunachalam, N., Samuel, P. P., Hiriyan, J., Thenmozhi, V. & Gajanana, A. (2004) Japanese Encephalitis in Kerala, South India: can Mansonia (Diptera: Culicidae) play a supplemental role in transmission? Journal of Medical Entomology, 41 (3), 456 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 2585 - 41.3.456" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Arunachalam
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140C0F77147083CBFC13A7F4" box="[875,929,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F7714E483CBFB4DA7F4" author="Noureldin, E. & Dafalla, O. & Hakami, A. & Jubran, M. & Alzhrani, A. & Mujally, M. & Shajari, O. & Khardali, A. & Eisa, Z." box="[1023,1279,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5563916" refId="ref55828" refString="Noureldin, E., Dafalla, O., Hakami, A., Jubran, M., Alzhrani, A., Mujally, M., Shajari, O., Khardali, A. & Eisa, Z. (2021) Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, and their molecular identification. International Journal of Zoology, 2021, 5563916. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2021 / 5563916" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Noureldin
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140C0F77136783CBFB00A7F4" box="[1148,1202,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F77120B83CBFF49A790" author="Schaffner, F. & Bansal, D. & Mardini, K. & Al-Marri, S. A. & Al-Thani, M. H. J. & Al-Romaihi, H. & Sultan, A. A. & Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref58553" refString="Schaffner, F., Bansal, D., Mardini, K., Al-Marri, S. A. Al-Thani, M. H. J., Al-Romaihi, H., Sultan, A. A., Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A. (2021) Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 39 (1), 3 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.52004 / JEMCA 2021. x 001" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Schaffner
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140C0F77129383CBFF1FA790" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The species is also considered to be a vector of the filarial worm
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C3140C0F77130083E7FB40A791" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1051,1266,187,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Onchocercidae" genus="Dirofilaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="immitis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9093152140C0F77130083E7FB40A791" box="[1051,1266,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dirofilaria immitis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which causes dirofilariasis (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F7716288383FDDAA7BC" author="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J." box="[307,616,222,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref43612" refString="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angles, London, viii + 360 pp., 127 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / 9780520325098" type="book" year="1955">Carpenter & LaCasse 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B1140C0F77156F8383FCF4A7BC" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[628,838,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref60067" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1976) Medical entomology studies - III. A revision of the subgenus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 12 (2), iii + 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1976">Sirivanakarn 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |