256 lines
35 KiB
XML
256 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="C79F726B3C95B232C1432DA20604ECAD" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FF8BF959FF7BFF4AFB66F8AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares kermadecensis Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="105D0A3DAE4F409BDD409AF18A1F3EC1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="AA3EEBA4FFCD8F8C7F487A212B116445">
|
||
<mods:title id="7FF74A05B873823A46FEE7E8766A3F75">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="790D1BCA36923DA9D9E9BFA94917259B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0943F4F9633F3D7CFFFD56D7564B75BB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9A5ED76809D19C146E15894692C05A3F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="ECCB82319234AEE64AA6670BCC13C2A2">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C512AA23D8739229060E78F3234C8056" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5D1C2D5DFF2DC13D154F7CA838D4D878">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="19B6C44965D663707B20AE0C976FC9F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F5E6EA9E5EF586FCD0982F7652F8BE5D">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EEE8BB30DDC01E68ABE8E6BBDEEB5939">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="7CF341A215CF36AAD8DE313DD811A0FE" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CE1B5552F2BF86ACD4302575DBCFC9D0">
|
||
<mods:title id="09ED690660F72B155FC1B49D8EDC816F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="5DA3DB339C001B7FD360E377A47CB96A">
|
||
<mods:date id="F1FC3AF71A0DA87102BC7D660E74932C">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3523A60437A01BC32E7F193E7D503F97" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="1437DC227981675B7BD50383FFC05A3C">2019-07-15</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D945E50F1663A848DACEA611DF0E8664" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="63E82DD67CE926C1195F5156CE0FDA7A">4638</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5BC6D2E6B5EF65881DF2DF8A1EF4F491" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="CDA6647FD64DC5ADE9CC86AAFBEC6902">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5CDDD3542E6C3DC410B452198D859A74" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D4425B54896BA5F3C89D291A9123F0BE">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6AF1331698A824829154FB9C2111D276">56</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="82857E519BED58C3B95AAB0656FCBB1D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FD9F8254719CFC78B27388F000DF463C" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8ECA63757D8DD6233DA5D209D7A80DE9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8923C2DF407A00D0F38E5F878620C973" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CD5F6C400D39C04A9365E5EE55E62F46" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="66FEE335041B52D7D00C7C048782BB38" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335260</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4ECB087C602073DB07F8D13531D6A0CE" type="ZooBank">E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CB87E6FF8BF959FF7BFF4AFB66F8AD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF8BF959FF7BFF4AFB66F8AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FF8BF959FF7BFF4AFB66F8AD" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF8BF956FF7BFF4AFD83FF4E" box="[151,535,153,180]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF7BFF4AFD83FF4E" blockId="23.[151,535,153,216]" box="[151,535,153,180]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D095819CFF8BF956FF7BFF4AFD83FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,535,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF7BFF4AFD83FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,535,153,180]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF8BF956FF7BFF4AFE26FF4E" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,434,153,180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF7BFF4AFE26FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,434,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Penares kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF8BF956FE55FF4AFD83FF4E" box="[441,535,154,180]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF8BF956FF7BFF6DFE11FF22" box="[151,389,189,216]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF7BFF6DFE11FF22" blockId="23.[151,535,153,216]" box="[151,389,189,216]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FF4CFF6DFE89FF2D" box="[160,285,189,215]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,250,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetBox-2="[471,1116,983,1736]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[471,1117,983,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Distribution of P. kermadecensis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3407697/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17–19</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF8BF956FEC4FF6DFEE8FF22" box="[296,380,189,216]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,478,502]" captionTargetBox="[166,1293,587,970]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares kermadecensis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum– maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhabdome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF8BF956FF7BFED5FCD5FE71" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF7BFED5FC8CFE9D" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF7BFED5FE17FEDA" bold="true" box="[151,387,261,288]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF8BF956FE67FED6FC8CFE9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2412621729" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FE67FED6FE6CFEDA" bold="true" box="[395,504,262,288]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FE14FED6FD85FEE5" box="[504,529,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">—</emphasis>
|
||
NIWA 76259, NIWA Stn TAN0413/137, Southern Kermadec Ridge, 37.331° S, 177.075° E, 375–414 m, 14 Nov 2004.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FDB5FEFAFD45FEBE" bold="true" box="[601,721,298,324]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FD3DFEFAFD7EFEB9" box="[721,746,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">—</emphasis>
|
||
NIWA 76261, NIWA Stn TAN0413/128, Southern Kermadec Ridge, 37.329° S, 177.073° E, 358–380 m, 14 Nov 2004.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF2BFEA2FCD5FE71" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" box="[199,833,369,396]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF2BFEA2FEF2FE76" bold="true" box="[199,358,369,396]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF8BF956FF2BFE45FE7FFE2E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF2BFE45FE7FFE2E" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF2BFE45FEF5FE4A" bold="true" box="[199,353,405,432]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from the type locality, Southern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FB21FE45FAAAFE55" box="[1229,1342,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[471,1116,983,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[471,1117,983,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Distribution of P. kermadecensis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407697/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Grows on hard substrate, 358–414 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF8BF959FF2BFE0DFCF7FA15" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF2BFE0DFC62FD99" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF2BFE0DFECDFE02" bold="true" box="[199,345,477,504]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype is a thinly encrusting sponge growing on coral rubble and gravel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FB73FE0DFAB7FE0D" box="[1183,1315,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the paratype NIWA 76261 is a small, branching sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FD00FDD1FCE4FDE1" box="[748,880,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The holotype is 25 mm × 15 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FAE5FDD1FA04FDE1" box="[1289,1424,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Texture is very hard, barely compressible. Surface is wrinkled and sculptured, slightly scratchy to the touch. No oscules or pores are visible. Colour in ethanol is light beige to orange brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF959FF2BFDBDFCF7FA15" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,1457,1879]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF2BFDBDFEA1FD72" bold="true" box="[199,309,621,648]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical skeleton is thin (80–500 µm) and consists of densely packed, tangential microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FABDFDBDFE97FD56" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17D & E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Choanosomal skeleton has a single layer of dichotriaenes present just below the cortex, arranged with their cladomes uppermost (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FE21FD65FDC7FD35" box="[461,595,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oxeas are abundant in the choanosome. In places, bundles of tangential oxeas are present near the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF8BF956FDF3FD09FD31FD09" box="[543,677,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1859,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,770,1848]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol; B. Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol; C. Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge; D. Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome; E. Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Microxeas are abundantly scattered throughout the choanosome
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF2BFF48FEBDFF49" bold="true" box="[199,297,152,179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF84F959FEDBFF49FE1EFF49" box="[311,394,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF84F959FE78FF49FE73FF4E" box="[404,487,153,180]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,478,502]" captionTargetBox="[166,1293,587,970]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares kermadecensis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum– maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhabdome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FE17FF49FD13FF49" box="[507,647,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
—oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF84F959FD1DFF49FCE7FF49" box="[753,883,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small, slender and almost straight to angulate with bluntly rounded or slightly pointed tips; 815 (562–1107) × 22 (13–33) µm (n = 40). Dichotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF84F959FAFFFF6DFA07FF2D" box="[1299,1427,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
) have an extremely short rhabdome and long stout clads with sharply pointed tips. Some clads are trifurcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF84F959FABDFF31FF5DFEE5" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
); 197 (122–300) µm long × 854 (644–1085) µm wide (n = 30)
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF2BFA61FEC3FA31" box="[199,343,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
—microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF84F959FE18FA61FDE3FA31" box="[500,631,1457,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; D. Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 18D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are short, stout and straight or curved with sharply pointed tips. Microxea size is quite variable; 114 (34–220) × 9 (4–17) µm (n = 80).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FA6BFD09FA1FFD09" blockId="23.[151,1437,261,756]" box="[1415,1419,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF8BF956FF7BF893FEB2F816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407693/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[151,1436,758,1848]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF8BF956FF7BF893FEB2F816" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FF7BF893FEB7F8A6" bold="true" box="[151,291,1859,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FEC1F895FD8AF8A6" box="[301,542,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Penares kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FDCBF894FDEFF8A6" bold="true" box="[551,635,1860,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FD60F893FD31F8A6" bold="true" box="[652,677,1859,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype NIWA 76259 preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FB63F894FB32F8A6" bold="true" box="[1167,1190,1860,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype NIWA 76261 preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FE9AF8B7FE1BF87A" bold="true" box="[374,399,1895,1920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up view of the surface of paratype NIWA 76261 showing triaene cladomes that lie just below the surface of the sponge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FE4AF85CFE2BF85E" bold="true" box="[422,447,1932,1956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Thin section of NIWA 76261 showing the position of the dichotriaenes under the cortex and the tangential bundles of oxeas in the choanosome;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF8BF956FD6EF860FD0DF832" bold="true" box="[642,665,1968,1992]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical section of NIWA 76261 showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF84F959FC66FED5FC1AFEE5" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,287]" box="[906,910,261,287]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF84F959FF7BFA96FA19FA79" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407695/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[151,1435,309,1338]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF84F959FF7BFA96FA19FA79" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF7BFA96FE8BFAA5" bold="true" box="[151,287,1350,1375]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FEC8FA97FD85FAA4" box="[292,529,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Penares kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FDFBFA96FDF2FAA4" bold="true" box="[535,614,1350,1374]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FD98FA96FD18FAA5" bold="true" box="[628,652,1350,1375]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxea;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FD38FA96FD7FFAA4" bold="true" box="[724,747,1350,1374]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Dichotriaenes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FC66FA96FC36FAA5" bold="true" box="[906,930,1350,1375]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FAE1FA96FAB1FAA4" bold="true" box="[1293,1317,1350,1374]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Microxeas. All spicule images are from holotype NIWA 76259 except for the smallest microrhabd, which is from paratype NIWA 76261.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF84F959FF2BFA29FAA1F9E9" box="[199,1333,1529,1555]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF84F959FF2BFA29FAA1F9E9" blockId="24.[151,1437,1457,1879]" box="[199,1333,1529,1555]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF2BFA29FEDAF9E9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1529,1555]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FF84F959FE11FA29FDB9F9E9" box="[509,557,1529,1555]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and known distribution of this species, the Kermadec Ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF84F959FF2BF9CDFB66F8AD" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF84F959FF2BF9CDFE87F911" blockId="24.[151,1437,1457,1879]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF2BF9CDFEAFF9CD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1565,1591]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FEAFF9CEFDD8F9CD" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[323,588,1565,1591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FEAFF9CEFDD8F9CD" box="[323,588,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Penares kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF84F959FDB8F9CDFD3BF9CD" box="[596,687,1565,1591]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FDB8F9CDFD3BF9CD" bold="true" box="[596,687,1565,1591]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF84F959FCDBF9CDFC5AF9CD" box="[823,974,1565,1591]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FC3BF9CEFBA6F9CD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[983,1074,1566,1591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FC3BF9CEFBA6F9CD" box="[983,1074,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that lacks euasters. The spicule complement and dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FDBBF992FC8DF9A1" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[599,793,1601,1627]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FDBBF992FC8DF9A1" box="[599,793,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF84F959FCCCF991FCEFF9A1" box="[800,891,1601,1627]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FCCCF991FCEFF9A1" bold="true" box="[800,891,1601,1627]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FB57F992FAACF9A1" box="[1211,1336,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FB57F992FAA0F9A1" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1211,1332,1601,1627]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">P. schulzei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with the exception that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FED1F9B6FE27F985" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[317,435,1637,1663]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FED1F9B6FE27F985" box="[317,435,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses oxyasters. The most pronounced differences between the two species are mor-phology—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FEE3F95AFD82F959" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[271,534,1673,1699]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FEE3F95AFD82F959" box="[271,534,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Penares kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a thinly encrusting or small, branched, orange brown sponge when preserved, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FF16F97EFEFBF93D" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[250,367,1709,1735]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FF16F97EFEFBF93D" box="[250,367,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is purple when preserved, massive in form, and its choanosome is filled with boring gastropods and debris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF84F959FF2BF925FB66F8AD" blockId="24.[151,1437,1457,1879]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Two South Pacific species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FE10F926FD26F8F5" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[508,690,1781,1807]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmatoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FE10F926FD26F8F5" box="[508,690,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. palmatoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FD05F926FCF8F8F5" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[745,876,1781,1807]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FD05F926FCF8F8F5" box="[745,876,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lack euasters. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FB56F926FAE4F8F5" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[1210,1392,1781,1807]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmatoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FB56F926FAE4F8F5" box="[1210,1392,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. palmatoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much larger oxeas (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF84F959FE95F8C9FDBDF8C9" box="[377,553,1817,1843]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3500.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–4000 µm</quantity>
|
||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FD98F8CAFCA3F8C9" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[628,823,1817,1843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FD98F8CAFCA3F8C9" box="[628,823,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF84F959FCACF8C9FC0FF8C9" box="[832,923,1817,1843]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FCACF8C9FC0FF8C9" bold="true" box="[832,923,1817,1843]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(815 (562–1107) µm), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FB31F8CAFAF7F8C9" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1245,1379,1817,1843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FB31F8CAFAF7F8C9" box="[1245,1379,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses both microxeas and microrhabds, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF84F959FD48F8EEFCF1F8AD" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[676,869,1853,1879]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FD48F8EEFCF1F8AD" box="[676,869,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF84F959FC87F8EDFC51F8AD" box="[875,965,1853,1879]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF84F959FC87F8EDFC51F8AD" bold="true" box="[875,965,1853,1879]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
only possesses microxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |