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<mods:title id="69A254B6DEB48B7AD8CEED36AE49EF77">Description of Bolbolaimus major sp. nov. (Nematoda), from the Yellow Sea, China and phylogenetic analysis in Microlaimidae</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="B8233B6ECEA093B9BF573A47D2617B96">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China &amp; 1295682022 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0006 - 9073 - 2062</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="4EF74C9239EA5B8E44F77231B050F23F">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China &amp; lvyanwei @ lcu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0007 - 9424 - 3941</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03CB879EFFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A799FBDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8427206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB879EFFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A799FBDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB879EFFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A799FBDF" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<subSubSection id="C3786503FFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A137FD9C" box="[151,541,511,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDD3688FFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A137FD9C" blockId="2.[151,541,511,538]" box="[151,541,511,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D09581E4FFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A137FD9C" bold="true" box="[151,541,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A7E2FE31A137FD9C" bold="true" box="[151,541,511,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A79BFE31A137FD9C" ID-CoL="8FSZY" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[238,541,511,538]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A79BFE31A2ADFD9F" bold="true" box="[238,391,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A6FAFE31A137FD9C" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[399,541,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref5366" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a science of nematology, 9, 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3786503FFC4FFA6A7E2FD89A225FC90" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDD3688FFC4FFA6A7E2FD89A225FC90" blockId="2.[151,1437,583,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A7E2FD89A220FDE4" bold="true" box="[151,266,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A69EFD89A1A1FDE4" author="Leduc, D." box="[491,651,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="255 - 271" refId="ref5945" refString="Leduc, D. (2016) One new genus and three new species of deep - sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea. Zootaxa, 4079 (2), 255 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.2.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Leduc (2016))</bibRefCitation>
Cuticle roughly annulated, sometimes ornamented with dots. Head not set off. Cephalic setae situated in same circle as outer labial sensillae or in separate circle.Amphideal fovea unispiral and situated &lt;1 corresponding body diameter from anterior extremity, partially or completely surrounded by cuticle annulations. Buccal cavity cuticularised, with dorsal tooth and two smaller subventral teeth. Pharynx with anterior bulb and well-developed posterior bulb. Spicules short, arcuate, gubernaculum with dorsally or dorsocaudally apophysis.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3786503FFC4FFA6A7B2FCD1A799FBDF" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDD3688FFC4FFA6A7B2FCD1A799FBDF" blockId="2.[151,1437,583,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A7B2FCD1A217FCBC" bold="true" box="[199,317,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Remarks:</emphasis>
The difference between
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A533FCD1A1FEFCBC" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[582,724,799,825]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A533FCD1A1FEFCBC" box="[582,724,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Microlaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A470FCD1A0B9FCBC" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[773,915,799,825]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A470FCD1A0B9FCBC" box="[773,915,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confused for a long time.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A27DFCD1A6B6FCBC" author="Leduc, D." box="[1288,1436,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="255 - 271" refId="ref5945" refString="Leduc, D. (2016) One new genus and three new species of deep - sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea. Zootaxa, 4079 (2), 255 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.2.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Leduc (2016)</bibRefCitation>
suggested absence of constriction setting off the head from the rest of the body in
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A340FC8DA7E9FCD8" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1077,1219,835,861]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A340FC8DA7E9FCD8" box="[1077,1219,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a differentiating character. Among
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A619FCA9A173FC04" box="[364,601,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A619FCA9A2D0FC04" box="[364,506,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A51DFCA6A774FC04" authority="(Gerlach, 1950) Jensen, 1978" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[616,1118,871,898]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodi">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A51DFCA6A1D3FC04" box="[616,761,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. chitwoodi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A478FCA9A098FC07" author="Gerlach, S. A." box="[781,946,871,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="188 - 208" refId="ref5685" refString="Gerlach, S. A. (1950) Die Nematoden - Gattung Microlaimus. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Systematik, 79, 188 - 208." type="journal article" year="1950">Gerlach, 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A4B3FCA6A774FC04" author="Jensen, P." box="[966,1118,871,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref5822" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, Erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and Remarks on the Systematic Position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7 (1 - 4), 159 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A318FCA6A20DFC20" authority="(Hopper, 1961) Jensen, 1978" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Hopper" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="wieseri">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A318FCA6A7CBFC04" box="[1133,1249,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. wieseri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A381FCA9A6BEFC04" author="Hopper, B. E." box="[1268,1428,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="183 - 199" refId="ref5777" refString="Hopper, B. E. (1961) Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 39, 183 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 61 - 023" type="journal article" year="1961">Hopper, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B79FFC4FFA6A7E2FC42A20DFC20" author="Jensen, P." box="[151,295,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref5822" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, Erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and Remarks on the Systematic Position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7 (1 - 4), 159 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A629FC42A294FC20" authority="Wen &amp; Huixin &amp; Yanwei &amp; Chunming, 2023" authorityName="Wen &amp; Huixin &amp; Yanwei &amp; Chunming" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,446,908,933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="major" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A629FC42A294FC20" box="[348,446,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A6B1FC45A137FC20" bold="true" box="[452,541,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557E1FFC4FFA6A6B1FC45A137FC20" box="[452,541,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the head is slightly set off and they have prominent anterior pharynx bulb, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A7C1FC7EA19EFC4C" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2019" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh" authorityYear="2019" box="[180,692,943,970]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A7C1FC7EA23DFC4C" box="[180,279,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. brevis</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2019
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A5CAFC7EA143FC68" authority="Phan Ke Long, Gagarin, Nguyen Dinh Tu, Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2017" authorityName="Phan Ke Long, Gagarin, Nguyen Dinh Tu, Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh" authorityYear="2017" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A5CAFC7EA001FC4C" box="[703,811,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. obesus</emphasis>
Phan Ke Long, Gagarin, Nguyen Dinh Tu, Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2017
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A5D5FC1AA78FFC68" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2019" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh" authorityYear="2019" box="[672,1189,979,1006]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A5D5FC1AA021FC68" box="[672,779,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">B. parvus</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2019
</taxonomicName>
the head is not set off and they do not present anterior pharynx bulb. Differential diagnosis between
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A377FC39A7BAFB94" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[1026,1168,1015,1041]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A377FC39A7BAFB94" box="[1026,1168,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Microlaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A3B3FC39A67EFB94" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1222,1364,1015,1041]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A3B3FC39A67EFB94" box="[1222,1364,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be based on head and pharynx shapes, species with head not set off or/and presence of anterior pharynx bulb, and head slightly set off and with prominent anterior pharynx bulb should be kept in
<taxonomicName id="4C624D0BFFC4FFA6A36BFBF1A786FBDC" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1054,1196,1087,1113]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EA9AFFC4FFA6A36BFBF1A786FBDC" box="[1054,1196,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>