169 lines
18 KiB
XML
169 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F5EDEBCB7ECE8D91B15076CA22EF4C0C">Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5931745E5313EEB4027F4CF6C7FEB55F">Heikkilä, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4F3B43833DE5E24187BF3E3DF28E378">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2044B6A5B2E00208542467109C4BB792">Baixeras, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4981F0EB7AEF313D11FFE29D0BDFDC9">Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A70A958357DB8B43318518302A73A70">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3300834845DEC648E01287A0395B885E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B1AADA904F2C25752EB24C342C4CA5F7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AEDBFEE12876794A27AC8BB2FEB30841">2018-03-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7745FEA4294B3087A7EB8209853A57E9">4394</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B2FF08FFC51407FF54812512C7FD47" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFC51407FF54812512C7FD47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2FF08FFC51407FF54812512C7FD47" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF5481251083F8D9" box="[151,929,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF5481251083F8D9" blockId="12.[151,929,1793,1853]" box="[151,929,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0ECF972FFC51406FF5481251083F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,929,1793,1819]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF5481251083F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,929,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FF548125102FF8D9" authority="(Cockerell, 1907)" authorityName="Heikkilä & Brown & Baixeras & Mey & Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[151,781,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantanus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF5481251112F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,560,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Paleolepidopterites florissantanus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FDFC81251027F8D9" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[575,773,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="416" refId="ref12023" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) A fossil tortricid moth. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 39416 - 12" type="journal article" year="1907">Cockerell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C2F77FFC51406FCD881251083F8D9" box="[795,929,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF54810013C2F8FF" box="[151,224,1828,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF54810013C2F8FF" blockId="12.[151,929,1793,1853]" box="[151,224,1828,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<figureCitation id="1320529BFFC51406FF54810013F9F8FF" box="[151,219,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1578,1600]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,700,1557]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,700,1557]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paleolepidopterites florissantanus (Cockerell, 1907), comb. n. UCNH (HT: no. 8579). Compression fossil, Florissant Beds National Monument. Length of body including head 14 mm. Photo: David Zelagin. The image was generated by the Fossil Insect Collaborative TCN." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3094757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF54814916BEF822" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF548149120BF862" blockId="12.[151,1436,1900,1952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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[
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FF5C8149110AF840" authority="Cockerell, 1907" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1907" box="[159,552,1900,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantanus">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF5C81491259F840" box="[159,379,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortrix florissantanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FE418148110AF840" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[386,552,1900,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="416" refId="ref12023" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) A fossil tortricid moth. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 39416 - 12" type="journal article" year="1907">Cockerell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; generic combination
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FCC9814917E1F840" authority="(Cockerell, 1907)" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1907" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[778,1219,1900,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantanus">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FCC98149172BF840" box="[778,1033,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortricites florissantanus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FBD48148179EF840" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1047,1212,1900,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="416" refId="ref12023" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) A fossil tortricid moth. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 39416 - 12" type="journal article" year="1907">Cockerell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FA8D8148123DF862" author="Sohn, J. - C. & Labandeira, C. & Davis, D. & Mitter, C." pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref14323" refString="Sohn, J. - C., Labandeira, C., Davis, D. & Mitter, C. (2012) An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world. Zootaxa, 3286, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Sohn
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FA49814913F9F862" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF5481E316BEF822" blockId="12.[151,1436,1991,2016]" box="[151,1436,1991,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF5481E31171F822" bold="true" box="[151,595,1991,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Excavation locality and depository:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B734443FFC51406FDA281EC16BAF822" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2243026656" box="[609,1432,1991,2016]" collectionCode="UCNH" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" location="Boulder" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED0AD6DBFFC51406FDA281EC1192F822" box="[609,688,1992,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">UCNH</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EC418C5FFC51406FD7C81E3103BF822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFC51407FF54812512C7FD47:8EC418C5FFC51406FD7C81E3103BF822" box="[703,793,1991,2016]" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" name="Boulder" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Colorado">Boulder</location>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC51406FCEC81E310BFF822" box="[815,925,1991,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: no. 8579)/
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<collectingCountry id="F30C0E8EFFC51406FBE881E31744F822" box="[1067,1126,1991,2016]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49DF80FCFFC51406FBBB81E317C1F822" box="[1144,1251,1991,2016]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C53692FFC51406FB3681E316BAF822" box="[1269,1432,1991,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Teller County</collectingCounty>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC41407FF5486B3177EFE4A" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC41407FF5486B31700FF16" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. The examination of this compression fossil is based on high-quality photographs provided by the UCNH.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC41407FF0486FB1088FF3A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,938,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC41407FF0486FB12FFFF3A" bold="true" box="[199,477,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Published illustrations:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC41407FE2786C41185FF3A" author="Meyer, H. W." box="[484,679,224,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" refId="ref13440" refString="Meyer, H. W. (2003) The Fossils of Florissant. Smithsonian Books, Washington D. C., 258 pp." type="book" year="2003">Meyer 2003: 224</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 194 (photograph).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC41407FF048720177EFE4A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC41407FF048720126AFEDF" bold="true" box="[199,328,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Condition:</emphasis>
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This is a compression fossil of a moth with its wings folded. The size of the piece of stone is 6.4 ×
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<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC41407FF54870313C5FEFD" box="[151,231,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
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. The length of body including the head is
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<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC41407FD01870C1036FEFD" box="[706,788,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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. Forewing length is
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<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC41407FC39870C176EFEFD" box="[1018,1100,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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. The moth is female based on the presence of three acanthi in the frenulum at the base of the right hindwing (although
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC41407FBBA87681615FEA6" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1145,1335,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="416" refId="ref12023" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) A fossil tortricid moth. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 39416 - 12" type="journal article" year="1907">Cockerell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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reported two acanthi). Clear veins or scales cannot be observed in the photograph of this fossil.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC41407FF0487B012C7FD47" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC41407FF0487B012C7FD47" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC41407FF0487B01273FE6F" bold="true" box="[199,337,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Comments:</emphasis>
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The concave costa of the forewing led
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC41407FCFC87B01721FE6E" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[831,1027,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="416" refId="ref12023" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1907) A fossil tortricid moth. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 39416 - 12" type="journal article" year="1907">Cockerell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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to assign the moth to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC41407FAE187B013DAFE12" authority="(Tortrix)" baseAuthorityName="Tortrix" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Tortricidae (
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC41407FF63879D13CFFE12" box="[160,237,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Tortrix</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC41407FE418793110EFE12" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[386,556,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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considered this family assignment uncertain. We share this opinion as no morphological details are visible to support placement in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC41407FCEC87F8108FFE37" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[815,941,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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. Although a concave costa of the forewing occurs in a few tortricids, it is a more widespread feature in other families, e.g. in Pyraloidea and Gelechioidea. Hence, we question the assignment of this fossil to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC41407FD388400105BFDFF" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[763,889,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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. The acanthi indicate that the moth belongs to Heteroneura, but because the character evidence is extremely meagre, we do not have suggestions regarding a more precise taxonomic placement.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |