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<document id="8E71D048CA1CF3D58A4532E175A3B7B8" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0001" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4586465" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614969889443" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cleal, Christopher J. &amp; Thomas, Barry A." docDate="2018" docId="03861853FFBAFFE0D9BDFE2CFE3EFB80" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.1-2.9-28.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lycopodites BRONGNIART" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFBF602BFFBCFFE8DA70F96EFFD5FF9F" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In BrongniartS 1822 “ Classification ” Paper" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698881448928" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="579F2B383AF9EDE9AC8CF290690437F2">Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In BrongniartS 1822 “ Classification ” Paper</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F52023FD9B8B02578CD29D6AAE929AE5">Cleal, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="68034FE64A370B9E9E180FFBDEFE72CE">Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF 10 3 NP, United Kingdom; e-mail: chris. cleal @ museumwales. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0376B959B5FFA9FC41BEA2219DEDBA9">Thomas, Barry A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="394BC6B3D9307F4F0963453943BC72FE">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY 201 NL, United Kingdom; e-mail: bat @ aber. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C4B22EA1473237D3DCDE6E9EFAB28DF8">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="43CB202CDFDA2D8F58E58D17CC89C1B1">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B7B67FA4516E88DDE30F9E6CC3E83024">2018-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C7864001A2C6BA384906E98FFF465AA">74</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C335FACEFFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFA9DF8C4" box="[973,1352,1858,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFA9DF8C4" blockId="6.[973,1352,1858,1883]" box="[973,1352,1858,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0D81E29FFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFA9DF8C4" box="[973,1352,1858,1883]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFA9DF8C4" bold="true" box="[973,1352,1858,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFB0FF8C6" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[973,1242,1858,1883]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED9BDFE2CFB9BF8C5" bold="true" box="[973,1102,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lycopodites</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
nom. rej.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEEDE3DFE0DFB1DF8E4" blockId="6.[1101,1224,1891,1915]" box="[1101,1224,1891,1915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="1314B5C0FFBAFFEEDE3DFE0DFB1DF8E4" box="[1101,1224,1891,1915]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[147,228,1960,1981]" captionTargetBox="[635,1455,1469,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-689@10.[1039,1316,1638,1915]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Illustrations of specimens in Brongniart (1822a, b) that were originally generic or section types but which have been subsequently supressed; see text for further details. All reproduced half original size, except d which is original size. a) Lycopodites taxiformis SCHL. ex BRONGNIART. b) Filicites (Glossopteris) dubius BRONGNIART (≡ Glossopteris dubius (BRONGNIART) STERNBERG), Pennsylvanian Subsystem. c) Asterophyllites radiatus BRONGNIART (≡ Annularia radiata (BRONGNIART) STERNBERG). d) Filicites (Neuropteris) heterophylla BRONGNIART (≡ Neuropteris heterophylla (BRONGNIART) STERNBERG), Pennsylvanian Subsystem, Saar-Lorraine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4586467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Text-fig. 3a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED93BFEFCFAA2F837" blockId="6.[843,1482,1938,2020]" box="[843,1399,1938,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
1820
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED9E6FEFCFBFAF838" box="[918,1071,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lycopodiolithes</emphasis>
SCHLOTHEIM, p. 412 (nom. inval.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED93BFEDEFBDBF87B" blockId="6.[843,1482,1938,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
1822a
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED9E6FEDEFB53F85C" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[918,1158,1968,1989]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED9E6FEDEFBDCF85A" box="[918,1033,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lycopodites</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
, p. 209 (nom. rej. vide Pal and Gosh 1990).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED901FE92FA1CF78C" blockId="6.[843,1481,2043,2100]" box="[881,1481,2043,2068]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
Ty p e.
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBAFFEED993FE95FA1CF78C" authority="SCHLOTHEIM ex" box="[995,1481,2043,2067]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxiformis">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBAFFEED993FE95FB24F78C" box="[995,1265,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Lycopodites taxiformis</emphasis>
SCHLOTHEIM ex
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBAFFEED93BF172FB25F7AB" blockId="6.[843,1481,2043,2100]" box="[843,1264,2076,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBAFFEED93BF172FBCDF7AB" author="Brongniart, A." box="[843,1048,2076,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822a</bibRefCitation>
, p. 231, pl. 2, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFB4FFE0DAD6F9F6FDD6FF6F" blockId="8.[129,767,151,240]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">D i a g n o s i s. “Feuilles linéaires ou setacées sans nervures, ou transverses par une seule nervure insérées tout autour de la tige ou sur deux rangs.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFB4FFE0DAD6F869FE3EFB80" blockId="8.[128,768,263,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
D i s c u s s i o n.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DB19F869FD94FE80" author="Brongniart, A." box="[361,577,263,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
used the name for various
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFB4FFE0DB72F849FEEFFEA0" box="[258,314,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
of leafy shoot with small, simple leaves (now referred to microphylls) and grouped them into three informal sections: (1) shoots that were probably attached to arborescent lycopsid stems he called
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0D818F8E9FD03FE01" box="[616,726,391,414]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Sagenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0D818F8E9FD03FE01" box="[616,726,391,414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Sagenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DAF1F8C9FEF6FE20" box="[129,291,423,447]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lepidodendraceae" genus="Lepidodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidodendrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DAF1F8C9FEF6FE20" box="[129,291,423,447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lepidodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (2) shoots that are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0D80FF8C9FF38FE40" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxiformis">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0D80FF8C9FF38FE40" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lycopodites taxiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with stiff leaves in two rows, and which today are widely regarded as Palaeozoic conifer shoots (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0D8CEF889FF6CFD81" author="Florin, R." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 729" refId="ref17732" refString="Florin, R. (1938 - 1945): Die Koniferen des Oberkarbons und des unteren Perms. - Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 85: 1 - 729." type="journal article" year="1938">Florin 1938</bibRefCitation>
-1945); and (3) shoots that he regarded as possibly the remains of herbaceous lycopsids, such as the Cenozoic
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DAF1FB29FD99FDC0" authority="BRONGNIART, 1822 a" authorityName="BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[129,588,583,607]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamatus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DAF1FB29FEACFDC1" box="[129,377,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lycopodites squamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DB0FFB29FD99FDC0" author="Brongniart, A." box="[383,588,583,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(although others have interpreted this species as a bryophyte or conifer
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0D8CDFB09FF6DFD01" author="Unger, F." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" refId="ref21201" refString="Unger, F. (1850): Genera et species plantarum fossilium. - W. Braunmuller, Vienna, 627 pp." type="book" year="1850">Unger 1850</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DAB3FBE9FE86FD00" author="Seward, A. C." box="[195,339,647,671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" refId="ref20406" refString="Seward, A. C. (1910): Fossil plants for students of botany and geology. Vol II. - The University Press, Cambridge, 608 pp." type="book" year="1910">Seward 1910</bibRefCitation>
). Most subsequent authors have adopted the name for shoots of herbaceous lycopsids. However, in the generic protologue
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DBFBFBA9FD8AFD40" author="Brongniart, A." box="[395,607,711,735]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
clearly stated that he regarded the second section, now know to comprise conifer remains, to be most typical (“cest ce groupe que nous pensons quon doit réserver particulièrement ce nom de
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DAD2FA29FEF7FCC0" box="[162,290,839,863]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DAD2FA29FEF7FCC0" box="[162,290,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lycopodites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) and so
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DBFEFA29FDCDFCC0" box="[398,536,839,863]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxiformis">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DBFEFA29FDCDFCC0" box="[398,536,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">L. taxiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be taken as the generic
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFB4FFE0DAA8FA09FED3FCE0" box="[216,262,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
(Pal and Gosh 1990). To allow the continued widespread use of the generic name for lycopsid shoots to continue,
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DB63FAC9FD16FC20" authority="LINDLEY et HUTTON, 1833" authorityName="LINDLEY et HUTTON" authorityYear="1833" box="[275,707,935,959]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DB63FAC9FE46FC20" box="[275,403,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lycopodites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DBD1FAC9FD16FC20" author="Lindley, J. &amp; Hutton, W." box="[417,707,935,959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="167 - 224" refId="ref19273" refString="Lindley, J., Hutton, W. (1833): The fossil flora of Great Britain. Volume 1 (3). - W. J. Ridgeway and Sons, London, pp. 167 - 224." type="book chapter" year="1833">LINDLEY et HUTTON, 1833</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has, therefore, been conserved over
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFB4FFE0DB82FAA9FD2AFC42" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[498,767,967,991]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Lycopodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFB4FFE0DB82FAA9FDA7FC40" box="[498,626,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Lycopodites</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
(based on a proposal by Pal and Gosh 1990) since the St Louis ICBN (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFB4FFE0DB61FD69FE35FB80" author="Greuter, W. &amp; McNeill, J. &amp; Barrie, F. R. &amp; Burdet, H. M. &amp; Demoulin, V. &amp; Filgueiras, T. S. &amp; Nicolson, D. H. &amp; Silva, P. C. &amp; Skog, J. E. &amp; Trehane, P. &amp; Turland, N. J. &amp; Hawksworth, D. L." box="[273,480,1031,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" refId="ref18067" refString="Greuter, W., McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Filgueiras, T. S., Nicolson, D. H., Silva, P. C., Skog, J. E., Trehane, P., Turland, N. J., Hawksworth, D. L. (2000): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). - Koeltz, Konigstein, 474 pp." type="book" year="2000">Greuter et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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