281 lines
50 KiB
XML
281 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A74A59AF80F55D53BF94FB0B937C77E1">Additions to knowledge of the biodiversity of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Balleny Islands (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="ED10C428FFF92306FF500DE7FB21FD12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4784055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED10C428FFF92306FF500DE7FB21FD12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED10C428FFF92306FF500DE7FB21FD12" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92303FF500DE7FC4AFF6E" box="[151,926,150,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF500DE7FC4AFF6E" blockId="11.[151,926,150,213]" box="[151,926,150,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="3E4EC252FFF92303FF500DE7FC4AFF6E" bold="true" box="[151,926,150,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFF92303FF500DE7FC4AFF6E" ID-CoL="75CJN" authority="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa, 1998" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,926,150,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF500DE7FC4AFF6E" bold="true" box="[151,926,150,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF500DE7FE44FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,400,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Oswaldella vervoorti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFF92303FE500DE7FC4AFF6E" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[407,926,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92303FF500DCBFEDFFF0A" box="[151,267,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF500DCBFEDFFF0A" blockId="11.[151,926,150,213]" box="[151,267,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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(
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FF580DCBFED7FF0A" box="[159,259,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92303FF500C70FD5BFEC7" box="[151,655,256,280]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF500C70FD5BFEC7" blockId="11.[151,655,256,280]" box="[151,655,256,280]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="45A95210FFF92303FF500C70FD5BFEC7" box="[151,655,256,280]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFF92303FF500C70FEFAFEC8" authority="Peña Cantero, 2009" box="[151,302,256,280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF500C70FEDEFEC7" box="[151,266,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Oswaldella</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="E418532FFFF92303FEF30C70FDEAFEC7" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[308,574,256,280]" page="1749" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFF92303FEF30C70FDEAFEC7" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[308,574,256,280]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" pagination="1743 - 1751" refId="ref7537" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Balleny Islands (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 32, 1743 - 1751. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0673 - 7" type="journal article" year="2009">Peña Cantero, 2009: 1749</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3c.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92303FF500C4FFC2CFEA1" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF500C4FFC2CFEA1" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF500C4FFDFAFE86" bold="true" box="[151,558,319,345]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Material examined. TAN 0602/430</emphasis>
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, one stem
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<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FD630C4FFD26FE85" box="[676,754,319,346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
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high, with gonotheca (
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<collectionCode id="03A8EDFBFFF92303FC2A0C4FFBE3FE86" box="[1005,1079,319,345]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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144249), one stem
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<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FAD70C4FFA8AFE85" box="[1296,1374,319,346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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high, with gonothecae (
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<collectionCode id="03A8EDFBFFF92303FE990C13FE7CFEA2" box="[350,424,355,381]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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144253) and one stem
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||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FD6A0C13FD28FEA1" box="[685,764,355,382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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high (
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<collectionCode id="03A8EDFBFFF92303FC840C13FC59FEA2" box="[835,909,355,381]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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144255).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92303FF000CF7FC0FFBD9" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000CF7FEAFFDD1" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF000CF7FE8DFE7E" bold="true" box="[199,345,391,417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Description.</emphasis>
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Stems up to
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||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FE3B0CF7FD9BFE7D" box="[508,591,391,418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
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high, monosiphonic, divided into internodes (one or two apophyses per internode). Cauline apophyses alternately arranged in one plane, with two axillary nematophores and one mamelon (
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FF670CBFFF20FE36" box="[160,244,463,489]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
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). Cauline apophyses giving rise to hydrocladia with a distinct separation between them. Up to second order hydrocladia present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000F67FA43FD3A" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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Hydrocladia divided into internodes. Unforked hydrocladial internodes (
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FC290F67FB53FDEE" box="[1006,1159,535,561]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3A–B, G</figureCitation>
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) with one hydrotheca on distal half of internode and two nematophores: a mesial superior nematophore, placed behind free part of adcauline hydrothecal wall (
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FEA60F2FFE62FDA6" box="[353,438,607,633]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
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), and a mesial inferior nematophore, situated on a slightly raised part of the internode and provided with a reduced scale-shaped nematotheca (
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FD1E0FF3FCA0FD41" box="[729,884,643,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3C–D, H</figureCitation>
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). Forked hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca between two prongs, each of them with a nematophore, and one mesial inferior nematophore provided with a scaleshaped nematotheca. Apophyses supporting lower-order hydrocladia usually smaller than distal part of internodes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000F9FFF68FCA9" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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Hydrotheca slightly higher than wide. Adnate to internode for about three-fourths of its adcauline length. Hydrothecal basal part distinctly oblique; abcauline side lower. Abcauline hydrothecal wall longer than adcauline side, aperture slightly directed adcaudally. Distal third of abcauline wall distinctly directed outwards (
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<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FADA0E47FF7BFCA9" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3C–D, H</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000E0FFD61FC46" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" box="[199,693,895,921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
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Gonotheca elongated, club-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FD9E0E0FFD73FC46" box="[601,679,895,921]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000ED3FC0FFBD9" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF000ED3FE30FC62" bold="true" box="[199,484,931,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FE290ED3FDA5FC62" box="[494,625,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Hydrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
: length of abcauline wall from
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FC2F0ED3FB96FC61" box="[1000,1090,931,958]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
||
at 1
|
||
<superScript id="92CCD876FFF92303FBBE0ED3FB50FC6E" attach="left" box="[1145,1156,931,945]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">st</superScript>
|
||
internode to
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FAE40ED3FAAAFC61" box="[1315,1406,931,958]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
|
||
at 7
|
||
<superScript id="92CCD876FFF92303FF620EB7FF66FC0A" attach="none" box="[165,178,967,981]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">th</superScript>
|
||
, free part of adcauline length 50, diameter at aperture 230–250.
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FC540EB7FBCEFC3E" box="[915,1050,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Gonothecae</emphasis>
|
||
: length 2000, maximum diameter 480–700.
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FEC00E9CFE41FBDA" box="[263,405,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Nematocysts</emphasis>
|
||
: larger microbasic mastigophores, 11–12.5 x 3–3.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFF92306FF00097FFB60FDE2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF00097FFED5FBAD" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FF00097FFEEFFBF6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1039,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
One of the 50-mm-high stems (NIWA 144253) is provided with a secondary stem originating from a forked hydrocladial internode at the usual location of the gonothecal insertion. This second-order stem has a typical structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF00090CFD45FB02" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Most cauline apophyses of the 90-mm-high stem are deprived of mamelons; a little prominent mamelon was observed only twice. In one of the 50-mm-long stems (NIWA 144255) only some apophyses, particularly at the basal part of the stem, also present mamelon.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92303FF000998FACAF89E" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||
In the material studied most hydrocladia are either unforked or just bifurcated (the first internode of primary hydrocladia giving rise to a single secondary hydrocladium). In one of the 50-mm-long stems (NIWA 144255) only seven of its last eight hydrocladia are bifurcated with apophyses quite similar to the distal part of the internode and the hydrotheca approximately in the middle of the bifurcation. There are, however, signs of other branching below. In one case, one first-order hydrocladium has the basal part of four secondary ones, one on each of its four first internodes, resting on distinctly smaller apophyses situated laterally under the hydrotheca. On a few occasions there are secondary hydrocladia that do not originate from the first internodes of the primary hydrocladium, but from others (i.e. there are unforked hydrothecate internodes before the forked ones). This material (NIWA 144255) has hydrothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FEE80B77FE7DF9FE" box="[303,425,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) less elongated (abcauline length up to
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FCA20B77FC69F9FD" box="[869,957,1543,1570]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and wider (diameter at aperture up to
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFF92303FAB50B77FF6AF999" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="280.0">280 µm</quantity>
|
||
) than those from the remaining material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FD5E0B5BFCC3F99A" box="[665,791,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It also has some nematothecae clearly more developed, with a distinct adcauline wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FE2C0B3FFD90F9B6" box="[491,580,1615,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This material, however, is the closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFF92303FBD30B20FB49F9B6" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[1044,1181,1616,1642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FBD30B20FB49F9B6" box="[1044,1181,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">O. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the branching, with unforked hydrothecate internodes between forked ones. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFF92303FC730B04FA43F952" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[948,1431,1651,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although lower-order hydrocladia typically arise from the first internodes of the primary hydrocladia, in many cases unforked hydrothecate internodes were present preceding forked ones. On the other hand, looking at their figures (cf. fig. 1a–c in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFF92303FE970B90FCCAF926" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[336,798,1759,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) it is evident that the apophyses supporting lower-order hydrocladia are smaller than the distal part of the internode. Clearly, it is not a simple bifurcation of the internode. Instead, it is like a normal hydrothecate internode laterally giving rise to the lower-order hydrocladium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFF92305FF000A3CFB7BFF0A" blockId="11.[151,1437,319,2038]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||
In order to confirm this point, I have examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA02CB9CFFF92303FD220A3BFC93F8BA" box="[741,839,1867,1893]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFF92303FCA10A3CFC38F8BA" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[870,1004,1868,1894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFF92303FCA10A3CFC38F8BA" box="[870,1004,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">O. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first forked hydrocladial internode is the most misleading as sometimes the apophysis supporting the second-order hydrocladium is similar to the distal part of the internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FE4A0AE3FE3CF872" box="[397,488,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); in addition, both the apophysis and the distal part of internode are provided with a nematophore placed at approximately the same level. In all the remaining forked hydrocladial internodes, the prongs are markedly dissimilar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFF92303FE600AABFE29F82A" box="[423,509,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), one is clearly the distal part of the internode, the other is undoubtedly the apophysis. Both are also provided with nematophores, but that of the apophysis is placed at a lower level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFF2305FB090DE7FAF3FF6E" box="[1230,1319,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first internodes originating from the apophyses are relatively very long (up to
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFF2305FC0B0DCBFBE6FF0A" box="[972,1074,187,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="1300.0">1300 µm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFF2305FB8E0DCBFB76FF0A" box="[1097,1186,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31C625B6FFFE2304FF500A22FD59F825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" startId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" targetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFE2304FF500A22FD59F825" blockId="12.[151,1437,1874,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFE2304FF500A22FEC5F8B5" bold="true" box="[151,273,1874,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFE2304FED10A22FC5FF8B5" authority="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa, 1998" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[278,907,1874,1898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFE2304FED10A22FE3FF8B5" box="[278,491,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">Oswaldella vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFE2304FE280A22FC5FF8B5" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[495,907,1874,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFF2305FF000DAFFAE6FEBA" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">
|
||
The primary hydrocladium might give rise to several second-order hydrocladia (up to six according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFF2305FAA10DAFFDF8FEC2" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." pageId="13" pageNumber="334" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most secondary hydrocladia originate sequentially from the first (up to the fourth) internodes of the primary one, but it is not unusual to observe extra secondary hydrocladia originating after some unforked internodes (this is clearly shown in figure 1a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFF2305FC9B0C3BFAF1FEBA" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[860,1317,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31C625B6FFFF2305FF500A4DFDD9F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" startId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" targetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFF2305FF500A4DFDD9F839" blockId="13.[151,1437,1853,2022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFF2305FF500A4DFEC0F88A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFF2305FEDC0A4DFBCDF88A" authority="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa, 1998" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[283,1049,1853,1878]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFF2305FEDC0A4DFE27F88A" box="[283,499,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">Oswaldella vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFF2305FE3D0A4EFC4BF889" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[506,927,1853,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Holotype)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFC2306FF000DE7FB9AFEC2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">
|
||
The first secondary hydrocladium usually gives rise to a third-order hydrocladium at its first internode, but it can also form other tertiary hydrocladia (up to three according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFC2306FC800DCBFAC4FF0A" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[839,1296,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometimes also beyond unforked internodes (see also figure 1a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFC2306FD320DAFFB6DFF26" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[757,1209,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref7825" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to these authors, the first third-order hydrocladium sometimes even forms a fourth-order one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFC2306FF000C57FAA0FE9E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1396,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">
|
||
Mamelons are more prominent in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA02CB9CFFFC2306FDA90C57FD04FE9E" box="[622,720,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
than in the present material (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFC2306FB470C57FB05FE9E" box="[1152,1233,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,185,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[165,1423,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998:A–B, G, hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca; C–D, H hydrotheca (lateral view) and mesial inferior nematotheca; E, hydrotheca (frontal view) and aperture of mesial superior nematophore (arrow); F, cauline apophysis with mamelon (arrow); I, gonotheca and two unforked hydrocladial internodes. (A, C–D, I, from NIWA 144253; B, F from NIWA 144249; E, G-H, from NIWA 144255). Scale bar: 100 µm (C–F, H), 200 µm (A–B, G, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736701/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFC2306FAD60C57FAB3FE9E" box="[1297,1383,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,387,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,381,1830]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella vervoorti Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1998 (Holotype): A, cauline apophysis and first forked hydrocladial internode (arrow pointing to hydrocladial apophysis), B, distal part of a forked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca, hydrocladial apophysis and nematophore (arrow); C, first unforked hydrocladial internode (centre) following hydrocladial apophyses; D, unforked hydrocladial internodes; E–F, cauline apophyses showing mamelon (arrows). Scale bar: 100 µm (B, E–F), 200 µm (A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736705/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFC2306FF000C3BFD46FE72" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">
|
||
Although suspicious on geographic grounds, there is no evidence to consider the material studied here different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFC2306FF100C1FFEB7FE57" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[215,355,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FF100C1FFEB7FE57" box="[215,355,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">O. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This would not be the first Antarctic benthic hydroid previously considered endemic to West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DAE35AEFFFC2306FF500CE3FED8FE72" box="[151,268,403,429]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and later found in East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DAE35AEFFFC2306FDD10CE3FD5AFE72" box="[534,654,403,429]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFC2306FF000CC7FB60FDE2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFC2306FF000CC7FE65FE0E" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[199,433,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" pagination="1743 - 1751" refId="ref7537" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Balleny Islands (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 32, 1743 - 1751. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0673 - 7" type="journal article" year="2009">Peña Cantero (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFC2306FD830CC7FD39FE0E" box="[580,749,439,465]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FD830CC7FD10FE0E" box="[580,708,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Oswaldella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, material likely conspecific with the one studied here, which is considered to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFC2306FE050CABFD99FE2B" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[450,589,475,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FE050CABFD99FE2B" box="[450,589,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">O. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The young stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFC2306FCAB0CABFC68FE2A" box="[876,956,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, are divided into internodes with one or two apophyses each, the hydrocladia are unforked and the cauline apophyses are provided with two axillary nematophores and the most distal ones have mamelon. The size of the hydrotheca also agrees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFC2306FF000F37FB21FD12" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFC2306FF000F37FB21FD12" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FF000F37FE23FDBF" bold="true" box="[199,503,582,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Present material was collected at depths between 70 and
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFC2306FB450F37FB1EFDBE" box="[1154,1226,583,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
off Buckle Island; gonothecae in March. The material described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFC2306FD690F1BFC80FD5A" box="[686,852,619,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FD690F1BFCFAFD5A" box="[686,814,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Oswaldella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFC2306FCBC0F1BFBB4FD5A" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[891,1120,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" pagination="1743 - 1751" refId="ref7537" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Balleny Islands (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 32, 1743 - 1751. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0673 - 7" type="journal article" year="2009">Peña Cantero (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came from a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFC2306FA910F1AFF79FD76" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="77.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="70.0">70–85 m</quantity>
|
||
off Buckle Island. Not only is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFC2306FDD30FFFFD4BFD77" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Garcia Carrascosa" authorityYear="1998" box="[532,671,655,681]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFC2306FDD30FFFFD4BFD77" box="[532,671,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">O. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported for the first time from the area of study, but also for East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DAE35AEFFFC2306FF500FC3FEDBFD12" box="[151,271,691,717]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="335">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which indicate that its geographical distribution may be considered as circum-Antarctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |