269 lines
32 KiB
XML
269 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e2aca7-d96d-4fb3-8d67-bb0a1adcb9e3" ID-PMC="PMC7661483" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-986-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" ID-PubMed="33223879" ID-ZooBank="CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954" ModsDocID="1313-2970-986-1" checkinTime="1604647765603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sroka, Pavel, Bojkova, Jindriska & Godunko, Roman J." docDate="2020" docId="7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 986: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 986" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" docTitle="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169768372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Godunko, Roman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">godunko@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>986</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-986-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168815727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7E0EE503-21DC-53E9-BE6C-AC17CDE6DB30" authority="(Tshernova, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName family="Heptageniidae" genus="Cynigma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynigma caucasica" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasica">Cynigma caucasica</taxonomicName>
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Tshernova, 1938
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Iron)" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Iron">Epeorus (Iron)</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B46" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1974. The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region. Entomological Review 53: 53 - 62" title="The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region." volume="53" year="1974">Tshernova (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron fuscus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Iron fuscus</taxonomicName>
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Sinitshenkova, 1976; jun. syn.; in
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<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 235" refId="B31" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1997b. New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 5: 233 - 235" title="New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae)." volume="5" year="1997 b">Kluge (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Azerbaijan, The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a stream in the vicinity of the upper Sakarsu River (3000 m a.s.l.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, eastern Turkey (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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). One of the most widespread species in the Caucasus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude, most frequently found above 1000 m a.s.l. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 496-2474 m a.s.l. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="main morphological diagnostics of larvae">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Main morphological diagnostics of larvae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(i) abdominal sterna II-VI with a pair of oblique stripes; nerve ganglia often with stripes or spots (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B, J</figureCitation>
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); (ii) abdominal terga V-VII with crown-like medial macula (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, I</figureCitation>
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, arrow); (iii) femora with medial hypodermal spot (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4G, H</figureCitation>
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), sporadically absent or poorly visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4F</figureCitation>
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); (iv) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E</figureCitation>
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); (v) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
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); (vi) tergum X with poorly developed postero-lateral projections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5M</figureCitation>
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, arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5L</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphology</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Coloration pattern of abdominal sterna as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) iranicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) iranicus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22I, J</figureCitation>
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), similar pattern in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) zagrosicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zagrosicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) zagrosicus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Epeorus (Caucasiron) zagrosicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) I abdominal sterna II-VI J, K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471969" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46I</figureCitation>
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). Lateral stripes on abdominal terga sporadically dorso-posteriorly extended as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) nigripilosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigripilosus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) nigripilosus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, - G middle leg in dorsal view H, - I abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471935" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13H, I</figureCitation>
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, arrows). A projection on gill plates III usually well-developed, a slight reduction observed in specimens collected from central Armenia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This species was described based on male imagines from the Nakchivan Autonomous Republic (upper Sakarsu River) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova 1938</bibRefCitation>
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). The type series is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (IZ) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1995. A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" title="A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera." year="1995">Kluge 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Female imago not described; the larva described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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from several localities in Russia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Larvae and imagines were associated based on the same sampling sites (a part of the larval material originated from the vicinity of the type locality) and a similarity in the coloration of abdomen of the larva and imagines. The description and validity of larval diagnostic characters were discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch (1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="166 - 173" refId="B8" refString="Braasch, D, 1980. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera) im Kaukasus (UdSSR), 2. Entomologische Nachrichten 24: 166 - 173" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera) im Kaukasus (UdSSR), 2." volume="24" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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). According to him,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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described the larva of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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under the name
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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by mistake. This opinion was supported by the investigation of imagines reared from larvae corresponding to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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. Imagines corresponded to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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as were described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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. The larva belonging to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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was also described in
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<bibRefCitation author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, but under erroneous attribution to newly proposed species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) fuscus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) fuscus</taxonomicName>
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. Later,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) fuscus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) fuscus</taxonomicName>
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was considered as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 272" refId="B12" refString="Braasch, D, Soldan, T, 1979. Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera). Reichenbachia 17: 261 - 272" title="Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera)." volume="17" year="1979">
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Braasch and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
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1979
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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, larva:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitus in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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habitus in ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habitus in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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head of male in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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head of female in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-H</emphasis>
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middle leg in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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abdominal sterna II-VI
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
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gills VII (in natural position from ventral view).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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, larva:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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incisors of left mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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incisors of right mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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setae on dorsal surface of femora
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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gill I
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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gill VII (flattened on slide)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-K</emphasis>
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gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L, M</emphasis>
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abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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sternum IX of female with observed variability.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |