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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248782" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-28-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574788" ModsDocID="1314-2607-28-37" checkinTime="1621552697170" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kimsey, Lynn S. &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2012" docId="4E78FA6816C08A35C8BE913C4DFC6087" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28" docPubDate="2012-08-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514" docTitle="Vespula maculifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" masterDocTitle="The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1643548883054" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kimsey, Lynn S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lskimsey@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-28-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574788</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4F645023-D7A5-4C7D-A5A7-AAF9E22185AD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E78FA6816C08A35C8BE913C4DFC6087" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E78FA6816C08A35C8BE913C4DFC6087" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Vespula_maculifrons" authority="(du Buysson)" baseAuthorityName="du Buysson" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespula maculifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">Vespula maculifrons (du Buysson)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 213" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 13. 11 - 12 Front view of face 5 - 7 Dorsal view of head 8 - 10 Lateral view of head 11 Dorsal view of thorax 12, 13 Lateral view of male metasomal tergum VII." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11536" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Figs 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1425" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 14 - 25. Front view of face, antennae removed. Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11537" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3847" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 38 - 47. Dorsal view of worker metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11539" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">43</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5971" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 59 - 71. Lateral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus p = paramere." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11541" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">68</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7284" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 72 - 84. Ventral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: A. = dorsal view of paramere ae = aedeagus p = paramere v = volsella Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11542" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">84</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1853" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">Vespa maculifrons</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“S.”">&quot;S.&quot;</normalizedToken>
Harris (in Hitchcock)
<bibRefCitation author="Harris, TW" journalOrPublisher="Vespidae. In: Hitchcock E (Ed) Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. JS and C Adams, Amherst" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B42" refString="Harris, TW, 1853. Insects. Vespidae. In: Hitchcock E (Ed) Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. JS and C Adams, Amherst, 856 pp." title="Insects." year="1853">1853</bibRefCitation>
:589.
<taxonomicName genus="Nomen" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="nudum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">Vespa communis</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, Hde" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="114 - 117" refId="B63" refString="Saussure, Hde, 1857. Bemerkungen ueber die Gattung Vespa, besonders ueber die amerikanischen Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 18: 114 - 117" title="Bemerkungen ueber die Gattung Vespa, besonders ueber die amerikanischen Arten." volume="18" year="1857">Saussure 1857</bibRefCitation>
:117. Syntype females; &quot;America septentr.&quot; (GENEVA, PARIS). Nec
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Vespa communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von Schrank 1785.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1853" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">Vespa maculifrons</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“H.”">&quot;H.&quot;</normalizedToken>
du Buysson 1905 (1904):608, as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Vespa communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, Hde" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="114 - 117" refId="B63" refString="Saussure, Hde, 1857. Bemerkungen ueber die Gattung Vespa, besonders ueber die amerikanischen Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 18: 114 - 117" title="Bemerkungen ueber die Gattung Vespa, besonders ueber die amerikanischen Arten." volume="18" year="1857">Saussure 1857</bibRefCitation>
. Holotype female; Deleware: Wilmington&quot; (LONDON). Available under Article 11.6.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">Vespa communis</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">flavida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sladen, FWL" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="71 - 72" refId="B68" refString="Sladen, FWL, 1918. The genus Vespa in Canada. Ottawa Naturalist 32: 71 - 72" title="The genus Vespa in Canada." volume="32" year="1918">Sladen 1918</bibRefCitation>
:71. Holotype female; Canada (repository unknown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
This species is the most common
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Vespula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring east of the 100th meridian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">It builds subterranean nests in a wide variety of situations, even in abandoned vehicles. These yellow jackets prey on live insects and are also scavengers of sources of protein and sugar.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>