3000 lines
387 KiB
XML
3000 lines
387 KiB
XML
<document id="22D75A36329312B654EBDA4713A90BDB" ID-CLB-Dataset="304153" ID-DOI="10.1643/h2023077" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d02a4a05-be93-4386-a562-b30dc0eb99b1" ID-ISSN="2766-1520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749262" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1722897805920" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Marvin, Glenn A." docDate="2024" docId="0C77879D9E152842E236FC51FAC7FC43" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolHerpetol.112.2.238-256.pdf" docOrigin="Ichthyology & Herpetology 112 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/h2023077" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752.2:IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752" docStyleName="IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Plethodon petraeus Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="F04EFFE59E162848E102FFF2FFB8FFF8" masterDocTitle="Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1728048740605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4580901B207BEB25D730C6AE50B35121">Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="79ED05E36CC39C58400E8F40CC0B53C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BEDAD0DF154AE28FD8E9F5CA128B7183">Marvin, Glenn A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CFC05E7E0E55C95BAE218B70C18FD74E">Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Box 5048, 1 Harrison Plaza, Florence, Alabama 35632</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6223B6EF3F08A92400436B662285718" type="email">gamarvin@una.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="EC721EB615D12C598342E8F7CAF7B5CD">Ichthyology & Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9B447917B2C8B30540543AEB954AA03A">
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<mods:date id="9F0A81A0212B704B01479408F136DA52">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F6C90F3773ADB10416CCA0FC66B5E619">2024-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DD84764B2AD0CC03C7B138C5B66C9DD4">112</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AB4D814FF5C530412C5C4B52D4987242">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/h2023077</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4E0CFC07354460241D4054B7CEF1756E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="158DC979B0931501ECBECA4A8E750C9A" type="DOI">10.1643/h2023077</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0C77879D9E152842E236FC51FAC7FC43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C77879D9E152842E236FC51FAC7FC43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C77879D9E152842E236FC51FAC7FC43" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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<subSubSection id="CCC465009E15284BE236FC51FC0AFC20" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8461368B9E15284BE236FC51FC0AFC20" blockId="3.[820,1363,931,984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236FC51FC0AFC20" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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Mating season and body size comparisons for
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<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E15284BE236FC37FC0AFC20" ID-CoL="78287" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[820,946,965,984]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236FC37FC0AFC20" bold="true" box="[820,946,965,984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">P. petraeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCC465009E152842E236FC02FAC7FC43" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8461368B9E15284BE236FC02FB4EF9E6" blockId="3.[820,1490,1008,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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Individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E15284BE2D9FC02FBF3FBFD" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[987,1099,1008,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2D9FC02FBF3FBFD" box="[987,1099,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">P. petraeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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courted and mated in the laboratory from early May through early July. Thus, field data (
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<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E15284BE4A4FBFCFC51FBB8" author="Jensen, J. B. & C. D. Camp & J. L. Marshall" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref20377" refString="Jensen, J. B., C. D. Camp, and J. L. Marshall. 2002. Ecology and life history of the Pigeon Mountain salamander. Southeastern Naturalist 1: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2002">Jensen et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) and my laboratory observations indicate that the mating season extends from late winter to early summer. For ten females involved in courtships, six engaged in complete courtships and seven engaged in incomplete courtships. For
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<specimenCount id="92D8FD029E15284BE2D9FB51FB83FB40" box="[987,1083,1186,1208]" count="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
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involved in courtships, nine engaged in complete courtships and seven engaged in incomplete courtships. For both females and males, there was no significant difference in body length for individuals that engaged in complete versus incomplete courtships (Mann-Whitney rank sum tests:
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2A7FACAFC76FAB4" box="[933,974,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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||
U
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2BEFACAFC76FAB4" bold="true" box="[956,974,1336,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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16.5,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE512FACAFB80FAB4" box="[1040,1080,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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||
T
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE524FACAFB80FAB4" bold="true" box="[1062,1080,1336,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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46.5,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE578FACAFB18FAB4" box="[1146,1184,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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P
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE58CFACAFB18FAB4" bold="true" box="[1166,1184,1336,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.534 for females;
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE46FFACAFA2DFAB4" box="[1389,1429,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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||
U
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE481FACAFA2DFAB4" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1336,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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30.0,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236FAA4FCE4FA92" box="[820,860,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
T
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE248FAA4FCE4FA92" bold="true" box="[842,860,1366,1386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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61.0,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE29CFAA4FC7BFA92" box="[926,963,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
P
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2B3FAA4FC7BFA92" bold="true" box="[945,963,1366,1386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.915 for males). There was no significant difference in body condition for males that engaged in complete versus incomplete courtships (ANCOVA:
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE5FAFA60FAA7FA5E" box="[1272,1311,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE40FFA60FAA7FA5E" bold="true" box="[1293,1311,1426,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
0.05,
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE467FA60FA35FA5E" box="[1381,1421,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE479FA60FA35FA5E" bold="true" box="[1403,1421,1426,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.826 for intercepts;
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2D6FA42FC42FA3C" box="[980,1018,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2EAFA42FC42FA3C" bold="true" box="[1000,1018,1456,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.13,
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE53DFA42FBDEFA3C" box="[1087,1126,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
P
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE556FA42FBDEFA3C" bold="true" box="[1108,1126,1456,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.725 for slopes); however, body condition was significantly greater for females that engaged in complete courtships (ANCOVA:
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE5C3FA19FB52FA07" box="[1217,1258,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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F
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE5DAFA19FB52FA07" bold="true" box="[1240,1258,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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6.46,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE434FA19FAD8FA07" box="[1334,1376,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
|
||
P
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE44CFA19FAD8FA07" bold="true" box="[1358,1376,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.029 for intercepts;
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2AEF9FBFC68F9E5" box="[940,976,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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F
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||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE2BCF9FBFC68F9E5" bold="true" box="[958,976,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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1.89,
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE510F9FBFB80F9E5" box="[1042,1080,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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P
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE524F9FBFB80F9E5" bold="true" box="[1062,1080,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">¼</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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0.202 for slopes).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8461368B9E15284BE236F9B1FAC8F9A0" blockId="3.[820,1392,1602,1625]" box="[820,1392,1602,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236F9B1FAC8F9A0" bold="true" box="[820,1392,1602,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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Catalogue of courtship behaviors for
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<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E15284BE5F0F9B7FAC8F9A0" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1266,1392,1605,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE5F0F9B7FAC8F9A0" bold="true" box="[1266,1392,1605,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">P. petraeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8461368B9E15284DE236F99FFF7AFC74" blockId="3.[820,1490,1645,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[103,773,177,908]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236F99FFA9BF979" bold="true" box="[820,1315,1644,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE236F99FFB16F979" bold="true" box="[820,1198,1645,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Behaviors exhibited by both sexes.—</emphasis>
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Nose-tap:
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</emphasis>
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Individual taps the nasolabial region of its snout on the substrate, skin of another salamander, or a spermatophore (Supplemental Videos 1 and 29).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE502F937FB0AF922" bold="true" box="[1024,1202,1733,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Move toward:</emphasis>
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Individual moves toward and its head comes close to (i.e., within about
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<quantity id="43269B6E9E15284BE435F911FA39F900" box="[1335,1409,1763,1785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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of) the other salamander (Supplemental Video 2).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE437F8F3FA6AF8EE" bold="true" box="[1333,1490,1793,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Move away:</emphasis>
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Individual moves away until its head is more than about
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<quantity id="43269B6E9E15284BE4ADF8EDFCEEF8AA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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from the other salamander (Supplemental Video 1).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE4A3F8CEFC25F888" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Stationary:</emphasis>
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Individual does not move away when the other salamander moves toward and comes close or makes contact (Supplemental Video 2).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE579F864FA95F853" bold="true" box="[1147,1325,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Head contact:</emphasis>
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Head contacts the head of the other salamander (e.g., cheek-to-cheek or snout-to-cheek contact).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E15284BE549F820FB1CF81F" bold="true" box="[1099,1188,2002,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Nudge:</emphasis>
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Individual moves its snout against the lateral parts of the other salamander’s body.
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE3D0FF43FF12FF1C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Tail arch:</emphasis>
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Individual arches the tail base. Male often exhibits tail arch during ‘position for TSW’ (Supplemental Video 24) and the TSW (Supplemental Video 38). In response to contact by the male, the female exhibits tail arch before and during a ‘female-first TSW’ (ffTSW; Supplemental Videos 3, 5, 8, and 30).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE003FE91FE0CFE81" bold="true" box="[257,436,355,377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Undulate tail:</emphasis>
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Individual laterally undulates the tail, usually with tail arch. Male undulates his tail during position for TSW and the TSW, and occasionally during mental-gland sliding, foot dance, or foot shuffle (Supplemental Videos 4 and 24). Female undulates her tail before and during ffTSW (Supplemental Videos 5 and 30), and during ‘position on sperm cap.’
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE0ACFDE6FD1BFDD2" bold="true" box="[430,675,532,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Tail (or body) flex:</emphasis>
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Individual flexes (i.e., greatly bends) the tail or body. Male flexes his tail during both ‘lead female over spermatophore’ and ‘stationary with tail flexed’ during sperm transfer (Supplemental Videos 28 and 35). Female may flex her tail or body in response to mental-gland contact by the male (Supplemental Videos 6, 7, and 17).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE0A6FD37FDF5FD22" bold="true" box="[420,589,709,731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Tail straddle:</emphasis>
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Individual steps astride the tail of the other salamander. Male performs tail straddle during ffTSW (Supplemental Video 8). To initiate the TSW, the female performs tail straddle in response to position for TSW by the male (Supplemental Video 9).
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE368FCC9FD1DFCA9" bold="true" box="[618,677,827,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Bite:</emphasis>
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Individual bites the other salamander (Supplemental Videos 10, 11, and 25).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D0A166039E12284CE18CFF41FC94FE9E" ID-Table-UUID="D0A166039E12284CE18CFF41FC94FE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E12284CE18CFF41FC94FE9E" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" startId="4.[142,189,179,198]" targetBox="[142,1529,377,1925]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE18CFF41FC94FE9E" blockId="4.[142,1530,178,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE18CFF41FA85FEDF" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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Table 1. Courtship behaviors of eastern North American woodland salamander species (eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE537FF40FB2DFF3E" box="[1077,1173,178,198]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE537FF40FB2DFF3E" bold="true" box="[1077,1173,178,198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Plethodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Species groups: PCG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE47AFF41FA41FF3E" bold="true" box="[1400,1529,178,198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE492FF40FA41FF3E" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1424,1529,178,198]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">P. cinereuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group, PWG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE006FF3CFEC9FF19" bold="true" box="[260,369,205,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE019FF3FFEC9FF19" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1931" box="[283,369,205,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welleri">P. welleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group, and PGG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE311FF3CFD1AFF18" bold="true" box="[531,674,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE328FF3FFD1AFF18" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[554,674,204,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glutinosus">P. glutinoSuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group. Species:
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE23CFF3FFC69FF18" bold="true" box="[830,977,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
ci ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE268FF3FFC69FF18" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[874,977,204,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">P. cinereuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2DEFF3FFBC5FF19" bold="true" box="[988,1149,205,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
ri ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE507FF3FFBC5FF19" baseAuthorityName="Dyal" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1029,1149,205,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richmondi">P. richmondi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE585FF3FFAADFF19" bold="true" box="[1159,1301,205,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
we ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE5C2FF3FFAADFF19" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1931" box="[1216,1301,205,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welleri">P. welleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE422FF3FFA4CFF18" bold="true" box="[1312,1524,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
an ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE454FF3FFA4CFF18" authorityName="Grobman" authorityYear="1944" box="[1366,1524,204,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticlavius">P. anguSticlaViuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE18CFF15FE9AFF03" bold="true" box="[142,290,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
do ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE1C0FF15FE9AFF03" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1889" box="[194,290,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">P. dorSaliS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE02FFF15FE54FF03" bold="true" box="[301,492,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
yo ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE05DFF15FE54FF03" box="[351,492,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yonahlossee">P. yonahloSSee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE0F5FF15FD37FF03" bold="true" box="[503,655,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
ke ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE32BFF15FD37FF03" baseAuthorityName="Marvin and Hutchison" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[553,655,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kentucki">P. kentucki</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE39BFF15FC8FFF03" bold="true" box="[665,823,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
pe ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE3CFFF15FC8FFF03" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[717,823,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">P. petraeuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE240FF15FC52FF03" bold="true" box="[834,1002,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
ou ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE274FF15FC52FF03" authorityName="Dunn & Heinze" authorityYear="1933" box="[886,1002,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ouachitae">P. ouachitae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ca ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE52AFF15FB72FF03" authority=", Sh" authorityName="Sh" box="[1064,1226,231,252]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caddoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE52AFF15FB11FF03" bold="true" box="[1064,1193,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">P. caddoenSiS</emphasis>
|
||
, Sh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5CDFF1AFAEDFF03" bold="true" box="[1231,1365,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE5E7FF15FAEDFF03" box="[1253,1365,231,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shermani">P. Shermani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE462FF15FF01FEEE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
cy ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE492FF15FF01FEEE" baseAuthorityName="Organ" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindraceus">P. cylindraceuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE1F2FEF0FE1CFEEE" bold="true" box="[240,420,258,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
mo ¼
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE02EFEF0FE1CFEEE" authorityName=", Arnold" authorityYear="1976" box="[300,420,258,278]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">P. montanuS</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. MG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE0D5FEF1FE5FFEEE" bold="true" box="[471,487,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental gland, TSW
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3A5FEF1FD0FFEEE" bold="true" box="[679,695,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
tail-straddling walk, F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE28CFEF1FC26FEEE" bold="true" box="[910,926,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
female only behavior, M
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE591FEF1FB1BFEEE" bold="true" box="[1171,1187,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
male only behavior, FM
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE48DFEF1FA27FEEE" bold="true" box="[1423,1439,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
each sex exhibits behavior, and D
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE083FEECFE29FEC9" bold="true" box="[385,401,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
duet behavior with both female and male actions. *Rare or infrequent occurrence of behavior.
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE436FEEBFA85FEDF" attach="right" box="[1332,1341,281,295]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">d</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Behavior may differ from similar behavior in other species.?
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE30CFECAFDA6FEB3" bold="true" box="[526,542,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
occurrence of behavior is uncertain due to absent or limited observations. Blank cell (–)
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE468FECAFAC2FEB3" bold="true" box="[1386,1402,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">¼</emphasis>
|
||
behavior not reported. See text and Appendix 1 for the description of each behavior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<table id="F6DEC42B9E12D7B7E18CFE8BFA41F87D" box="[142,1529,377,1925]" gridcols="14" gridrows="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE25FFE88FAB7FE68" box="[861,1295,377,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFE8BFA41FE69" box="[142,1529,377,401]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FE8BFAA4FE69" box="[837,1308,377,401]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFE8BFC15FE69" box="[142,941,377,401]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Groups</th>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2B2FE8BFAB7FE68" bold="true" box="[944,1295,377,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2B2FE8BFB25FE68" bold="true" box="[944,1181,377,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">and species of eastern</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E12284CE5A1FE8EFAB7FE68" authority="PCG" box="[1187,1295,380,400]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5A1FE8EFAB7FE68" bold="true" box="[1187,1295,380,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Plethodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE03FFE28FCE2F9BB" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFE58FA41FE39" box="[142,1529,426,449]" gridrow="1" isHeader="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFE58FDECFE09" box="[142,596,426,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE03FFE28FE1DFE09" bold="true" box="[317,421,474,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Behaviors</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FE58FD63FE39" box="[628,731,426,449]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE393FE58FD06FE39" bold="true" box="[657,702,426,449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">PCG</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FE58FC15FE39" box="[763,941,426,449]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE238FE58FCD5FE39" bold="true" box="[826,877,426,449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">PWG</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFE58FA41FE39" box="[973,1529,426,449]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5CEFE58FB43FE39" bold="true" box="[1228,1275,426,449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">PGG</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFE2FFA41FE09" box="[142,1529,477,497]" gridrow="2" isHeader="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FE2FFD2BFE09" box="[628,659,477,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE379FE2FFD34FE09" bold="true" box="[635,652,477,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">ci</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FE2FFD63FE09" box="[691,731,477,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FE2FFD76FE09" bold="true" box="[704,718,477,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">ri</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FE2FFC9CFE09" box="[763,804,477,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE202FE2CFCA7FE09" bold="true" box="[768,799,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">we</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FE2FFC15FE09" box="[837,941,477,497]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE244FE2CFCDAFE09" bold="true" box="[838,866,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">an</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE288FE2FFC1DFE09" bold="true" box="[906,933,477,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">do</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFE2FFC4EFE09" box="[973,1014,477,497]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D7FE2CFC56FE09" bold="true" box="[981,1006,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">yo</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FE2FFBF8FE09" box="[1047,1088,477,497]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE51DFE2FFB80FE09" bold="true" box="[1055,1080,477,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">ke</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FE2FFB31FE09" box="[1120,1161,477,497]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE565FE2CFB3AFE09" bold="true" box="[1127,1154,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">pe</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FE2FFB6BFE09" box="[1194,1235,477,497]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B3FE2CFB74FE09" bold="true" box="[1201,1228,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">ou</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FE2FFAA4FE09" box="[1267,1308,477,497]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5F9FE2CFAACFE09" bold="true" box="[1275,1300,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">ca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFE2FFADEFE09" box="[1341,1382,477,497]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE447FE2FFAE5FE09" bold="true" box="[1349,1373,477,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Sh</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FE2FFA17FE09" box="[1414,1455,477,497]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE492FE2CFA1EFE09" bold="true" box="[1424,1446,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">cy</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FE2FFA41FE09" box="[1488,1529,477,497]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4D1FE2CFA4DFE09" bold="true" box="[1491,1525,478,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">mo</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFDF9FA41FDDB" box="[142,1529,523,547]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFDF9FDECFDDB" box="[142,596,523,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">1. Nose-tap, 2. Stationary, 3. Move away</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FDF9FD2BFDDB" box="[628,659,523,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FDF9FD63FDDB" box="[691,731,523,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FDF9FC9CFDDB" box="[763,804,523,547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FDF9FC15FDDB" box="[837,941,523,547]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFDF9FC4EFDDB" box="[973,1014,523,547]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FDF9FBF8FDDB" box="[1047,1088,523,547]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FDF9FB31FDDB" box="[1120,1161,523,547]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FDF9FB6BFDDB" box="[1194,1235,523,547]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FDF9FAA4FDDB" box="[1267,1308,523,547]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFDF9FADEFDDB" box="[1341,1382,523,547]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FDF9FA17FDDB" box="[1414,1455,523,547]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FDF9FA41FDDB" box="[1488,1529,523,547]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFDDBFA41FDB8" box="[142,1529,553,576]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFDDBFDECFDB8" box="[142,596,553,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">4. Move toward, 5. Head contact, 6. Nudging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FDDBFD2BFDB8" box="[628,659,553,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FDDBFD63FDB8" box="[691,731,553,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FDDBFC9CFDB8" box="[763,804,553,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FDDBFC15FDB8" box="[837,941,553,576]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFDDBFC4EFDB8" box="[973,1014,553,576]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FDDBFBF8FDB8" box="[1047,1088,553,576]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FDDBFB31FDB8" box="[1120,1161,553,576]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FDDBFB6BFDB8" box="[1194,1235,553,576]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FDDBFAA4FDB8" box="[1267,1308,553,576]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFDDBFADEFDB8" box="[1341,1382,553,576]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FDDBFA17FDB8" box="[1414,1455,553,576]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FDDBFA41FDB8" box="[1488,1529,553,576]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFDB4FA41FDA5" box="[142,1529,582,605]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFDB4FDECFDA5" box="[142,596,582,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">7. Bite</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FDB4FD2BFDA5" box="[628,659,582,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFDBAFD32FDA5" box="[636,650,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FDB4FD63FDA5" box="[691,731,582,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FDBAFD76FDA5" box="[704,718,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FDB4FC9CFDA5" box="[763,804,582,605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFDBAFCAFFDA5" box="[777,791,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FDB4FC15FDA5" box="[837,941,582,605]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFDBAFCE3FDA5" box="[845,859,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FDBAFC27FDA5" box="[913,927,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFDB4FC4EFDA5" box="[973,1014,582,605]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FDBAFC51FDA5" box="[987,1001,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FDB4FBF8FDA5" box="[1047,1088,582,605]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FDB4FB31FDA5" box="[1120,1161,582,605]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FDB4FB6BFDA5" box="[1194,1235,582,605]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FDB4FAA4FDA5" box="[1267,1308,582,605]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FDBAFAB7FDA5" box="[1281,1295,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFDB4FADEFDA5" box="[1341,1382,582,605]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FDB4FA17FDA5" box="[1414,1455,582,605]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FDBAFA1AFDA5" box="[1428,1442,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FDB4FA41FDA5" box="[1488,1529,582,605]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFDADFA41FD83" box="[142,1529,607,635]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFDADFDECFD83" box="[142,596,607,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">8. Foot dance</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FDADFD2BFD83" box="[628,659,607,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFD97FD32FD82" box="[636,650,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FDADFD63FD83" box="[691,731,607,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FD97FD76FD82" box="[704,718,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FDADFC9CFD83" box="[763,804,607,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFD97FCAFFD82" box="[777,791,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FDADFC15FD83" box="[837,941,607,635]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFD97FCE3FD82" box="[845,859,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FD97FC27FD82" box="[913,927,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFDADFC4EFD83" box="[973,1014,607,635]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FDADFBF8FD83" box="[1047,1088,607,635]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FDADFB31FD83" box="[1120,1161,607,635]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M d</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FDADFB6BFD83" box="[1194,1235,607,635]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FDADFAA4FD83" box="[1267,1308,607,635]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFDADFADEFD83" box="[1341,1382,607,635]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FDADFA17FD83" box="[1414,1455,607,635]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FDADFA41FD83" box="[1488,1529,607,635]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFD73FA41FD60" box="[142,1529,641,664]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFD73FDECFD60" box="[142,596,641,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">9. Foot shuffle</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FD73FD2BFD60" box="[628,659,641,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FD73FD63FD60" box="[691,731,641,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FD71FD76FD60" box="[704,718,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FD73FC9CFD60" box="[763,804,641,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFD71FCAFFD60" box="[777,791,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FD73FC15FD60" box="[837,941,641,664]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFD73FC4EFD60" box="[973,1014,641,664]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FD71FC51FD60" box="[987,1001,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FD73FBF8FD60" box="[1047,1088,641,664]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FD71FB8AFD60" box="[1060,1074,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FD73FB31FD60" box="[1120,1161,641,664]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FD73FB6BFD60" box="[1194,1235,641,664]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FD71FB7DFD60" box="[1207,1221,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FD73FAA4FD60" box="[1267,1308,641,664]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FD71FAB7FD60" box="[1281,1295,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFD73FADEFD60" box="[1341,1382,641,664]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FD71FAE0FD60" box="[1354,1368,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FD73FA17FD60" box="[1414,1455,641,664]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FD71FA1AFD60" box="[1428,1442,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FD73FA41FD60" box="[1488,1529,641,664]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFD71FA53FD60" box="[1501,1515,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFD6CFA41FD4D" box="[142,1529,670,693]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFD6CFDECFD4D" box="[142,596,670,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">10. Tail wagging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FD6CFD2BFD4D" box="[628,659,670,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FD6CFD63FD4D" box="[691,731,670,693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FD6CFC9CFD4D" box="[763,804,670,693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FD6CFC15FD4D" box="[837,941,670,693]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFD6CFC4EFD4D" box="[973,1014,670,693]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FD52FC51FD4D" box="[987,1001,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FD6CFBF8FD4D" box="[1047,1088,670,693]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FD52FB8AFD4D" box="[1060,1074,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FD6CFB31FD4D" box="[1120,1161,670,693]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFD52FBC4FD4D" box="[1134,1148,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FD6CFB6BFD4D" box="[1194,1235,670,693]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FD52FB7DFD4D" box="[1207,1221,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FD6CFAA4FD4D" box="[1267,1308,670,693]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FD52FAB7FD4D" box="[1281,1295,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFD6CFADEFD4D" box="[1341,1382,670,693]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FD52FAE0FD4D" box="[1354,1368,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FD6CFA17FD4D" box="[1414,1455,670,693]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FD52FA1AFD4D" box="[1428,1442,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FD6CFA41FD4D" box="[1488,1529,670,693]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFD52FA53FD4D" box="[1501,1515,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFD4EFA41FD2B" box="[142,1529,700,723]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFD4EFDECFD2B" box="[142,596,700,723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11. Rubbing/sliding, 12. Head rubbing</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FD4EFD2BFD2B" box="[628,659,700,723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FD4EFD63FD2B" box="[691,731,700,723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FD4EFC9CFD2B" box="[763,804,700,723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFD4FFCAFFD2A" box="[777,791,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FD4EFC15FD2B" box="[837,941,700,723]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFD4EFC4EFD2B" box="[973,1014,700,723]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FD4FFC51FD2A" box="[987,1001,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FD4EFBF8FD2B" box="[1047,1088,700,723]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FD4FFB8AFD2A" box="[1060,1074,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FD4EFB31FD2B" box="[1120,1161,700,723]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFD4FFBC4FD2A" box="[1134,1148,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FD4EFB6BFD2B" box="[1194,1235,700,723]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FD4FFB7DFD2A" box="[1207,1221,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FD4EFAA4FD2B" box="[1267,1308,700,723]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FD4FFAB7FD2A" box="[1281,1295,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFD4EFADEFD2B" box="[1341,1382,700,723]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FD4FFAE0FD2A" box="[1354,1368,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FD4EFA17FD2B" box="[1414,1455,700,723]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FD4FFA1AFD2A" box="[1428,1442,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FD4EFA41FD2B" box="[1488,1529,700,723]" gridcol="13" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFD4FFA53FD2A" box="[1501,1515,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFD2BFA41FD08" box="[142,1529,729,752]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFD2BFDECFD08" box="[142,596,729,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">13. Head swinging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FD2BFD2BFD08" box="[628,659,729,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FD2BFD63FD08" box="[691,731,729,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FD2BFC9CFD08" box="[763,804,729,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFD29FCAFFD08" box="[777,791,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FD2BFC15FD08" box="[837,941,729,752]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFD29FCE3FD08" box="[845,859,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FD29FC27FD08" box="[913,927,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFD2BFC4EFD08" box="[973,1014,729,752]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FD29FC51FD08" box="[987,1001,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FD2BFBF8FD08" box="[1047,1088,729,752]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FD29FB8AFD08" box="[1060,1074,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FD2BFB31FD08" box="[1120,1161,729,752]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFD29FBC4FD08" box="[1134,1148,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FD2BFB6BFD08" box="[1194,1235,729,752]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FD2BFAA4FD08" box="[1267,1308,729,752]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFD2BFADEFD08" box="[1341,1382,729,752]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FD29FAE0FD08" box="[1354,1368,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FD2BFA17FD08" box="[1414,1455,729,752]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FD29FA1AFD08" box="[1428,1442,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FD2BFA41FD08" box="[1488,1529,729,752]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFD29FA53FD08" box="[1501,1515,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFD04FA41FCF5" box="[142,1529,758,781]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFD04FDECFCF5" box="[142,596,758,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">14. Joint head swinging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FD04FD2BFCF5" box="[628,659,758,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFD0AFD32FCF5" box="[636,650,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FD04FD63FCF5" box="[691,731,758,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FD04FC9CFCF5" box="[763,804,758,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFD0AFCAFFCF5" box="[777,791,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FD04FC15FCF5" box="[837,941,758,781]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFD0AFCE3FCF5" box="[845,859,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FD0AFC27FCF5" box="[913,927,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFD04FC4EFCF5" box="[973,1014,758,781]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FD0AFC51FCF5" box="[987,1001,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FD04FBF8FCF5" box="[1047,1088,758,781]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FD0AFB8AFCF5" box="[1060,1074,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FD04FB31FCF5" box="[1120,1161,758,781]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFD0AFBC4FCF5" box="[1134,1148,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FD04FB6BFCF5" box="[1194,1235,758,781]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FD0AFB7DFCF5" box="[1207,1221,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FD04FAA4FCF5" box="[1267,1308,758,781]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FD0AFAB7FCF5" box="[1281,1295,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFD04FADEFCF5" box="[1341,1382,758,781]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FD0AFAE0FCF5" box="[1354,1368,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FD04FA17FCF5" box="[1414,1455,758,781]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FD0AFA1AFCF5" box="[1428,1442,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FD04FA41FCF5" box="[1488,1529,758,781]" gridcol="13" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFD0AFA53FCF5" box="[1501,1515,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFCE6FA41FCD3" box="[142,1529,788,811]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFCE6FDECFCD3" box="[142,596,788,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">15. High amplitude head swinging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FCE6FD2BFCD3" box="[628,659,788,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FCE6FD63FCD3" box="[691,731,788,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FCE6FC9CFCD3" box="[763,804,788,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFCE7FCAFFCD2" box="[777,791,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FCE6FC15FCD3" box="[837,941,788,811]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFCE7FCE3FCD2" box="[845,859,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FCE7FC27FCD2" box="[913,927,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFCE6FC4EFCD3" box="[973,1014,788,811]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FCE7FC51FCD2" box="[987,1001,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FCE6FBF8FCD3" box="[1047,1088,788,811]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FCE7FB8AFCD2" box="[1060,1074,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FCE6FB31FCD3" box="[1120,1161,788,811]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFCE7FBC4FCD2" box="[1134,1148,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FCE6FB6BFCD3" box="[1194,1235,788,811]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FCE7FB7DFCD2" box="[1207,1221,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FCE6FAA4FCD3" box="[1267,1308,788,811]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FCE7FAB7FCD2" box="[1281,1295,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFCE6FADEFCD3" box="[1341,1382,788,811]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FCE7FAE0FCD2" box="[1354,1368,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FCE6FA17FCD3" box="[1414,1455,788,811]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FCE7FA1AFCD2" box="[1428,1442,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FCE6FA41FCD3" box="[1488,1529,788,811]" gridcol="13" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFCE7FA53FCD2" box="[1501,1515,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFCC3FA41FCB0" box="[142,1529,817,840]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFCC3FDECFCB0" box="[142,596,817,840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">16. Cloacal nudging</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FCC3FD2BFCB0" box="[628,659,817,840]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FCC3FD63FCB0" box="[691,731,817,840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FCC3FC9CFCB0" box="[763,804,817,840]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFCC1FCAFFCB0" box="[777,791,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FCC3FC15FCB0" box="[837,941,817,840]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
FM
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FCC1FC27FCB0" box="[913,927,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFCC3FC4EFCB0" box="[973,1014,817,840]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FCC1FC51FCB0" box="[987,1001,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FCC3FBF8FCB0" box="[1047,1088,817,840]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FCC1FB8AFCB0" box="[1060,1074,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FCC3FB31FCB0" box="[1120,1161,817,840]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFCC1FBC4FCB0" box="[1134,1148,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FCC3FB6BFCB0" box="[1194,1235,817,840]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FCC1FB7DFCB0" box="[1207,1221,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FCC3FAA4FCB0" box="[1267,1308,817,840]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FCC1FAB7FCB0" box="[1281,1295,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFCC3FADEFCB0" box="[1341,1382,817,840]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FCC1FAE0FCB0" box="[1354,1368,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FCC3FA17FCB0" box="[1414,1455,817,840]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FCC1FA1AFCB0" box="[1428,1442,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FCC3FA41FCB0" box="[1488,1529,817,840]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFCC1FA53FCB0" box="[1501,1515,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFCBCFA41FC9D" box="[142,1529,846,869]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFCBCFDECFC9D" box="[142,596,846,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">17. Cloacal rubbing</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FCBCFD2BFC9D" box="[628,659,846,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FCBCFD63FC9D" box="[691,731,846,869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FCBCFC9CFC9D" box="[763,804,846,869]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFCA2FCAFFC9D" box="[777,791,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FCBCFC15FC9D" box="[837,941,846,869]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FCA2FC27FC9D" box="[913,927,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFCBCFC4EFC9D" box="[973,1014,846,869]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FCA2FC51FC9D" box="[987,1001,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FCBCFBF8FC9D" box="[1047,1088,846,869]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FCA2FB8AFC9D" box="[1060,1074,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FCBCFB31FC9D" box="[1120,1161,846,869]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFCA2FBC4FC9D" box="[1134,1148,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FCBCFB6BFC9D" box="[1194,1235,846,869]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FCA2FB7DFC9D" box="[1207,1221,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FCBCFAA4FC9D" box="[1267,1308,846,869]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FCA2FAB7FC9D" box="[1281,1295,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFCBCFADEFC9D" box="[1341,1382,846,869]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FCA2FAE0FC9D" box="[1354,1368,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FCBCFA17FC9D" box="[1414,1455,846,869]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FCA2FA1AFC9D" box="[1428,1442,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FCBCFA41FC9D" box="[1488,1529,846,869]" gridcol="13" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFCA2FA53FC9D" box="[1501,1515,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC99FA41FC7B" box="[142,1529,875,899]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC99FDECFC7B" box="[142,596,875,899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">18. MG sliding (head sliding)</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC99FD2BFC7B" box="[628,659,875,899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC99FD63FC7B" box="[691,731,875,899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC99FC9CFC7B" box="[763,804,875,899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC99FC15FC7B" box="[837,941,875,899]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC99FC4EFC7B" box="[973,1014,875,899]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC99FBF8FC7B" box="[1047,1088,875,899]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC99FB31FC7B" box="[1120,1161,875,899]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC99FB6BFC7B" box="[1194,1235,875,899]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC99FAA4FC7B" box="[1267,1308,875,899]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC99FADEFC7B" box="[1341,1382,875,899]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC99FA17FC7B" box="[1414,1455,875,899]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC99FA41FC7B" box="[1488,1529,875,899]" gridcol="13" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC7BFA41FC58" box="[142,1529,905,928]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC7BFDECFC58" box="[142,596,905,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">19. MG popping</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC7BFD2BFC58" box="[628,659,905,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFC79FD32FC58" box="[636,650,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC7BFD63FC58" box="[691,731,905,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FC79FD76FC58" box="[704,718,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC7BFC9CFC58" box="[763,804,905,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFC79FCAFFC58" box="[777,791,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC7BFC15FC58" box="[837,941,905,928]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFC79FCE3FC58" box="[845,859,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FC79FC27FC58" box="[913,927,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC7BFC4EFC58" box="[973,1014,905,928]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FC79FC51FC58" box="[987,1001,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC7BFBF8FC58" box="[1047,1088,905,928]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC7BFB31FC58" box="[1120,1161,905,928]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC7BFB6BFC58" box="[1194,1235,905,928]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC7BFAA4FC58" box="[1267,1308,905,928]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FC79FAB7FC58" box="[1281,1295,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC7BFADEFC58" box="[1341,1382,905,928]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC7BFA17FC58" box="[1414,1455,905,928]" gridcol="12" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC7BFA41FC58" box="[1488,1529,905,928]" gridcol="13" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC54FA41FC45" box="[142,1529,934,957]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC54FDECFC45" box="[142,596,934,957]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
20. MG tap or swipe on snout
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE0BFFC54FD98FC45" box="[445,544,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">before 42</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC54FD2BFC45" box="[628,659,934,957]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFC5AFD32FC45" box="[636,650,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC54FD63FC45" box="[691,731,934,957]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FC5AFD76FC45" box="[704,718,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC54FC9CFC45" box="[763,804,934,957]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFC5AFCAFFC45" box="[777,791,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC54FC15FC45" box="[837,941,934,957]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFC5AFCE3FC45" box="[845,859,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
M
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC54FC4EFC45" box="[973,1014,934,957]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FC5AFC51FC45" box="[987,1001,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC54FBF8FC45" box="[1047,1088,934,957]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC54FB31FC45" box="[1120,1161,934,957]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFC5AFBC4FC45" box="[1134,1148,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC54FB6BFC45" box="[1194,1235,934,957]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FC5AFB7DFC45" box="[1207,1221,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC54FAA4FC45" box="[1267,1308,934,957]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FC5AFAB7FC45" box="[1281,1295,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC54FADEFC45" box="[1341,1382,934,957]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC54FA17FC45" box="[1414,1455,934,957]" gridcol="12" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC54FA41FC45" box="[1488,1529,934,957]" gridcol="13" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC31FA41FC23" box="[142,1529,963,987]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC31FDECFC23" box="[142,596,963,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">21. MG tap or swipe not on snout</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC31FD2BFC23" box="[628,659,963,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFC37FD32FC22" box="[636,650,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC31FD63FC23" box="[691,731,963,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FC37FD76FC22" box="[704,718,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC31FC9CFC23" box="[763,804,963,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFC37FCAFFC22" box="[777,791,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC31FC15FC23" box="[837,941,963,987]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFC37FCE3FC22" box="[845,859,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FC37FC27FC22" box="[913,927,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC31FC4EFC23" box="[973,1014,963,987]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FC37FC51FC22" box="[987,1001,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC31FBF8FC23" box="[1047,1088,963,987]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC31FB31FC23" box="[1120,1161,963,987]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC31FB6BFC23" box="[1194,1235,963,987]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FC37FB7DFC22" box="[1207,1221,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC31FAA4FC23" box="[1267,1308,963,987]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FC37FAB7FC22" box="[1281,1295,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC31FADEFC23" box="[1341,1382,963,987]" gridcol="11" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FC37FAE0FC22" box="[1354,1368,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC31FA17FC23" box="[1414,1455,963,987]" gridcol="12" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FC37FA1AFC22" box="[1428,1442,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC31FA41FC23" box="[1488,1529,963,987]" gridcol="13" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFC37FA53FC22" box="[1501,1515,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC13FA41FC00" box="[142,1529,993,1016]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC13FDECFC00" box="[142,596,993,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
22. Tail (or body*) flex
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE076FC13FD9CFC00" box="[372,548,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">in response to 18</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC13FD2BFC00" box="[628,659,993,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFC11FD32FC00" box="[636,650,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC13FD63FC00" box="[691,731,993,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FC11FD76FC00" box="[704,718,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC13FC9CFC00" box="[763,804,993,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFC11FCAFFC00" box="[777,791,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC13FC15FC00" box="[837,941,993,1016]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFC11FCE3FC00" box="[845,859,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FC11FC27FC00" box="[913,927,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC13FC4EFC00" box="[973,1014,993,1016]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FC11FC51FC00" box="[987,1001,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC13FBF8FC00" box="[1047,1088,993,1016]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FC11FB8AFC00" box="[1060,1074,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC13FB31FC00" box="[1120,1161,993,1016]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC13FB6BFC00" box="[1194,1235,993,1016]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FC11FB7DFC00" box="[1207,1221,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC13FAA4FC00" box="[1267,1308,993,1016]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FC11FAB7FC00" box="[1281,1295,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC13FADEFC00" box="[1341,1382,993,1016]" gridcol="11" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FC11FAE0FC00" box="[1354,1368,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC13FA17FC00" box="[1414,1455,993,1016]" gridcol="12" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FC11FA1AFC00" box="[1428,1442,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC13FA41FC00" box="[1488,1529,993,1016]" gridcol="13" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFC11FA53FC00" box="[1501,1515,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFC0CFA41FBED" box="[142,1529,1022,1045]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFC0CFDECFBED" box="[142,596,1022,1045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">23. Tail arch, 24. Undulate tail</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FC0CFD2BFBED" box="[628,659,1022,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FC0CFD63FBED" box="[691,731,1022,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FC0CFC9CFBED" box="[763,804,1022,1045]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FC0CFC15FBED" box="[837,941,1022,1045]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFC0CFC4EFBED" box="[973,1014,1022,1045]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FC0CFBF8FBED" box="[1047,1088,1022,1045]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FC0CFB31FBED" box="[1120,1161,1022,1045]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FC0CFB6BFBED" box="[1194,1235,1022,1045]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FC0CFAA4FBED" box="[1267,1308,1022,1045]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFC0CFADEFBED" box="[1341,1382,1022,1045]" gridcol="11" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FC0CFA17FBED" box="[1414,1455,1022,1045]" gridcol="12" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FC0CFA41FBED" box="[1488,1529,1022,1045]" gridcol="13" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFBE9FA41FBCB" box="[142,1529,1051,1075]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFBE9FDECFBCB" box="[142,596,1051,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">25. High amplitude tail undulations</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FBE9FD2BFBCB" box="[628,659,1051,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FBE9FD63FBCB" box="[691,731,1051,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FBE9FC9CFBCB" box="[763,804,1051,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFBEFFCAFFBCA" box="[777,791,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FBE9FC15FBCB" box="[837,941,1051,1075]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FBEFFC27FBCA" box="[913,927,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFBE9FC4EFBCB" box="[973,1014,1051,1075]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FBEFFC51FBCA" box="[987,1001,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FBE9FBF8FBCB" box="[1047,1088,1051,1075]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FBEFFB8AFBCA" box="[1060,1074,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FBE9FB31FBCB" box="[1120,1161,1051,1075]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FBE9FB6BFBCB" box="[1194,1235,1051,1075]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FBEFFB7DFBCA" box="[1207,1221,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FBE9FAA4FBCB" box="[1267,1308,1051,1075]" gridcol="10" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FBEFFAB7FBCA" box="[1281,1295,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFBE9FADEFBCB" box="[1341,1382,1051,1075]" gridcol="11" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FBEFFAE0FBCA" box="[1354,1368,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FBE9FA17FBCB" box="[1414,1455,1051,1075]" gridcol="12" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FBEFFA1AFBCA" box="[1428,1442,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FBE9FA41FBCB" box="[1488,1529,1051,1075]" gridcol="13" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFBEFFA53FBCA" box="[1501,1515,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFBCBFA41FBA8" box="[142,1529,1081,1104]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFBCBFDECFBA8" box="[142,596,1081,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">26. Snapping</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FBCBFD2BFBA8" box="[628,659,1081,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FBCBFD63FBA8" box="[691,731,1081,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FBCBFC9CFBA8" box="[763,804,1081,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFBC9FCAFFBA8" box="[777,791,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FBCBFC15FBA8" box="[837,941,1081,1104]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFBC9FCE3FBA8" box="[845,859,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FBC9FC27FBA8" box="[913,927,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFBCBFC4EFBA8" box="[973,1014,1081,1104]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FBC9FC51FBA8" box="[987,1001,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FBCBFBF8FBA8" box="[1047,1088,1081,1104]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FBC9FB8AFBA8" box="[1060,1074,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FBCBFB31FBA8" box="[1120,1161,1081,1104]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFBC9FBC4FBA8" box="[1134,1148,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FBCBFB6BFBA8" box="[1194,1235,1081,1104]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FBC9FB7DFBA8" box="[1207,1221,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FBCBFAA4FBA8" box="[1267,1308,1081,1104]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FBC9FAB7FBA8" box="[1281,1295,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFBCBFADEFBA8" box="[1341,1382,1081,1104]" gridcol="11" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FBC9FAE0FBA8" box="[1354,1368,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FBCBFA17FBA8" box="[1414,1455,1081,1104]" gridcol="12" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FBC9FA1AFBA8" box="[1428,1442,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FBCBFA41FBA8" box="[1488,1529,1081,1104]" gridcol="13" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFBC9FA53FBA8" box="[1501,1515,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFBA4FA41FB95" box="[142,1529,1110,1133]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFBA4FDECFB95" box="[142,596,1110,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">27. Pulling</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FBA4FD2BFB95" box="[628,659,1110,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FBA4FD63FB95" box="[691,731,1110,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FM?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FBA4FC9CFB95" box="[763,804,1110,1133]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFBAAFCAFFB95" box="[777,791,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FBA4FC15FB95" box="[837,941,1110,1133]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFBAAFCE3FB95" box="[845,859,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FBAAFC27FB95" box="[913,927,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFBA4FC4EFB95" box="[973,1014,1110,1133]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FBAAFC51FB95" box="[987,1001,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FBA4FBF8FB95" box="[1047,1088,1110,1133]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FBAAFB8AFB95" box="[1060,1074,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FBA4FB31FB95" box="[1120,1161,1110,1133]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFBAAFBC4FB95" box="[1134,1148,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FBA4FB6BFB95" box="[1194,1235,1110,1133]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FBAAFB7DFB95" box="[1207,1221,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FBA4FAA4FB95" box="[1267,1308,1110,1133]" gridcol="10" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FBAAFAB7FB95" box="[1281,1295,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFBA4FADEFB95" box="[1341,1382,1110,1133]" gridcol="11" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FBAAFAE0FB95" box="[1354,1368,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FBA4FA17FB95" box="[1414,1455,1110,1133]" gridcol="12" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FBAAFA1AFB95" box="[1428,1442,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FBA4FA41FB95" box="[1488,1529,1110,1133]" gridcol="13" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFBAAFA53FB95" box="[1501,1515,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFB86FA41FB73" box="[142,1529,1140,1163]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFB86FDECFB73" box="[142,596,1140,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">28. Mouth grasping</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FB86FD2BFB73" box="[628,659,1140,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFB87FD32FB72" box="[636,650,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FB86FD63FB73" box="[691,731,1140,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FB87FD76FB72" box="[704,718,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FB86FC9CFB73" box="[763,804,1140,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFB87FCAFFB72" box="[777,791,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FB86FC15FB73" box="[837,941,1140,1163]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFB87FCE3FB72" box="[845,859,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FB87FC27FB72" box="[913,927,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFB86FC4EFB73" box="[973,1014,1140,1163]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FB87FC51FB72" box="[987,1001,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FB86FBF8FB73" box="[1047,1088,1140,1163]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FB87FB8AFB72" box="[1060,1074,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FB86FB31FB73" box="[1120,1161,1140,1163]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FB86FB6BFB73" box="[1194,1235,1140,1163]" gridcol="9" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FB87FB7DFB72" box="[1207,1221,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FB86FAA4FB73" box="[1267,1308,1140,1163]" gridcol="10" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FB87FAB7FB72" box="[1281,1295,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFB86FADEFB73" box="[1341,1382,1140,1163]" gridcol="11" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FB87FAE0FB72" box="[1354,1368,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FB86FA17FB73" box="[1414,1455,1140,1163]" gridcol="12" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FB86FA41FB73" box="[1488,1529,1140,1163]" gridcol="13" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFB87FA53FB72" box="[1501,1515,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFB63FA41FB50" box="[142,1529,1169,1192]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFB63FDECFB50" box="[142,596,1169,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">29. Snout high</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FB63FD2BFB50" box="[628,659,1169,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFB61FD32FB50" box="[636,650,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FB63FD63FB50" box="[691,731,1169,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FB61FD76FB50" box="[704,718,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FB63FC9CFB50" box="[763,804,1169,1192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFB61FCAFFB50" box="[777,791,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FB63FC15FB50" box="[837,941,1169,1192]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFB61FCE3FB50" box="[845,859,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FB61FC27FB50" box="[913,927,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFB63FC4EFB50" box="[973,1014,1169,1192]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FB61FC51FB50" box="[987,1001,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FB63FBF8FB50" box="[1047,1088,1169,1192]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FB63FB31FB50" box="[1120,1161,1169,1192]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FB63FB6BFB50" box="[1194,1235,1169,1192]" gridcol="9" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FB61FB7DFB50" box="[1207,1221,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FB63FAA4FB50" box="[1267,1308,1169,1192]" gridcol="10" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FB61FAB7FB50" box="[1281,1295,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFB63FADEFB50" box="[1341,1382,1169,1192]" gridcol="11" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FB61FAE0FB50" box="[1354,1368,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FB63FA17FB50" box="[1414,1455,1169,1192]" gridcol="12" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FB61FA1AFB50" box="[1428,1442,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FB63FA41FB50" box="[1488,1529,1169,1192]" gridcol="13" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFB61FA53FB50" box="[1501,1515,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFB5CFA41FB3D" box="[142,1529,1198,1221]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFB5CFDECFB3D" box="[142,596,1198,1221]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">30. Chin-to-chin</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FB5CFD2BFB3D" box="[628,659,1198,1221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFB42FD32FB3D" box="[636,650,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FB5CFD63FB3D" box="[691,731,1198,1221]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FB42FD76FB3D" box="[704,718,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FB5CFC9CFB3D" box="[763,804,1198,1221]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFB42FCAFFB3D" box="[777,791,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FB5CFC15FB3D" box="[837,941,1198,1221]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFB42FCE3FB3D" box="[845,859,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FB42FC27FB3D" box="[913,927,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFB5CFC4EFB3D" box="[973,1014,1198,1221]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FB42FC51FB3D" box="[987,1001,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FB5CFBF8FB3D" box="[1047,1088,1198,1221]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FB5CFB31FB3D" box="[1120,1161,1198,1221]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CFB42FBC4FB3D" box="[1134,1148,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FB5CFB6BFB3D" box="[1194,1235,1198,1221]" gridcol="9" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FB42FB7DFB3D" box="[1207,1221,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FB5CFAA4FB3D" box="[1267,1308,1198,1221]" gridcol="10" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FB42FAB7FB3D" box="[1281,1295,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFB5CFADEFB3D" box="[1341,1382,1198,1221]" gridcol="11" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FB5CFA17FB3D" box="[1414,1455,1198,1221]" gridcol="12" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FB42FA1AFB3D" box="[1428,1442,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FB5CFA41FB3D" box="[1488,1529,1198,1221]" gridcol="13" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFB42FA53FB3D" box="[1501,1515,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFB3EFA41FB1B" box="[142,1529,1228,1251]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFB3EFDECFB1B" box="[142,596,1228,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
31. Tail straddle
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE030FB3EFE14FB1B" box="[306,428,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">for 32 or 33</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FB3EFD2BFB1B" box="[628,659,1228,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FB3EFD63FB1B" box="[691,731,1228,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FB3EFC9CFB1B" box="[763,804,1228,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFB3FFCAFFB1A" box="[777,791,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FB3EFC15FB1B" box="[837,941,1228,1251]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFB3EFC4EFB1B" box="[973,1014,1228,1251]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FB3FFC51FB1A" box="[987,1001,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FB3EFBF8FB1B" box="[1047,1088,1228,1251]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526FB3FFB8AFB1A" box="[1060,1074,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FB3EFB31FB1B" box="[1120,1161,1228,1251]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FB3EFB6BFB1B" box="[1194,1235,1228,1251]" gridcol="9" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FB3FFB7DFB1A" box="[1207,1221,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FB3EFAA4FB1B" box="[1267,1308,1228,1251]" gridcol="10" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FB3FFAB7FB1A" box="[1281,1295,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFB3EFADEFB1B" box="[1341,1382,1228,1251]" gridcol="11" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FB3FFAE0FB1A" box="[1354,1368,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FB3EFA17FB1B" box="[1414,1455,1228,1251]" gridcol="12" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FB3FFA1AFB1A" box="[1428,1442,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FB3EFA41FB1B" box="[1488,1529,1228,1251]" gridcol="13" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFB3FFA53FB1A" box="[1501,1515,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFB16FA41FAF8" box="[142,1529,1252,1280]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFB16FDECFAF8" box="[142,596,1252,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">32. Discontinuous, female-first TSW</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FB16FD2BFAF8" box="[628,659,1252,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EFB19FD32FAF8" box="[636,650,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FB16FD63FAF8" box="[691,731,1252,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE3C2FB19FD76FAF8" box="[704,718,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FB16FC9CFAF8" box="[763,804,1252,1280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFB19FCAFFAF8" box="[777,791,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FB16FC15FAF8" box="[837,941,1252,1280]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FFB19FCE3FAF8" box="[845,859,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FB19FC27FAF8" box="[913,927,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFB16FC4EFAF8" box="[973,1014,1252,1280]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FB19FC51FAF8" box="[987,1001,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FB16FBF8FAF8" box="[1047,1088,1252,1280]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D d*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FB16FB31FAF8" box="[1120,1161,1252,1280]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FB16FB6BFAF8" box="[1194,1235,1252,1280]" gridcol="9" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FB19FB7DFAF8" box="[1207,1221,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FB16FAA4FAF8" box="[1267,1308,1252,1280]" gridcol="10" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FB19FAB7FAF8" box="[1281,1295,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFB16FADEFAF8" box="[1341,1382,1252,1280]" gridcol="11" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FB19FAE0FAF8" box="[1354,1368,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FB16FA17FAF8" box="[1414,1455,1252,1280]" gridcol="12" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FB19FA1AFAF8" box="[1428,1442,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FB16FA41FAF8" box="[1488,1529,1252,1280]" gridcol="13" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFB19FA53FAF8" box="[1501,1515,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFAF0FA41FAE5" box="[142,1529,1282,1309]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFAF0FDECFAE5" box="[142,596,1282,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">33. Continuous, female-first TSW</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FAF0FD2BFAE5" box="[628,659,1282,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FAF0FD63FAE5" box="[691,731,1282,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FAF0FC9CFAE5" box="[763,804,1282,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFAFAFCAFFAE5" box="[777,791,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FAF0FC15FAE5" box="[837,941,1282,1309]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D D*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFAF0FC4EFAE5" box="[973,1014,1282,1309]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FAFAFC51FAE5" box="[987,1001,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FAF0FBF8FAE5" box="[1047,1088,1282,1309]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D d*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FAF0FB31FAE5" box="[1120,1161,1282,1309]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FAF0FB6BFAE5" box="[1194,1235,1282,1309]" gridcol="9" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FAFAFB7DFAE5" box="[1207,1221,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FAF0FAA4FAE5" box="[1267,1308,1282,1309]" gridcol="10" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FAFAFAB7FAE5" box="[1281,1295,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFAF0FADEFAE5" box="[1341,1382,1282,1309]" gridcol="11" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FAFAFAE0FAE5" box="[1354,1368,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FAF0FA17FAE5" box="[1414,1455,1282,1309]" gridcol="12" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FAFAFA1AFAE5" box="[1428,1442,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FAF0FA41FAE5" box="[1488,1529,1282,1309]" gridcol="13" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFAFAFA53FAE5" box="[1501,1515,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFAD6FA41FAC3" box="[142,1529,1316,1339]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFAD6FDECFAC3" box="[142,596,1316,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
34. Turn back
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE01EFAD6FE50FAC3" box="[284,488,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">during 18, 32, or 33</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FAD6FD2BFAC3" box="[628,659,1316,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FAD6FD63FAC3" box="[691,731,1316,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FAD6FC9CFAC3" box="[763,804,1316,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFAD7FCAFFAC2" box="[777,791,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FAD6FC15FAC3" box="[837,941,1316,1339]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FAD7FC27FAC2" box="[913,927,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFAD6FC4EFAC3" box="[973,1014,1316,1339]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FAD7FC51FAC2" box="[987,1001,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FAD6FBF8FAC3" box="[1047,1088,1316,1339]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FAD6FB31FAC3" box="[1120,1161,1316,1339]" gridcol="8" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FAD6FB6BFAC3" box="[1194,1235,1316,1339]" gridcol="9" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FAD7FB7DFAC2" box="[1207,1221,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FAD6FAA4FAC3" box="[1267,1308,1316,1339]" gridcol="10" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FAD7FAB7FAC2" box="[1281,1295,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFAD6FADEFAC3" box="[1341,1382,1316,1339]" gridcol="11" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FAD6FA17FAC3" box="[1414,1455,1316,1339]" gridcol="12" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FAD7FA1AFAC2" box="[1428,1442,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FAD6FA41FAC3" box="[1488,1529,1316,1339]" gridcol="13" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFACEFA41FAA0" box="[142,1529,1340,1368]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFACEFDECFAA0" box="[142,596,1340,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">35. Circling</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FACEFD2BFAA0" box="[628,659,1340,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FACEFD63FAA0" box="[691,731,1340,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FACEFC9CFAA0" box="[763,804,1340,1368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFAB1FCAFFAA0" box="[777,791,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FACEFC15FAA0" box="[837,941,1340,1368]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
D
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293FAB1FC27FAA0" box="[913,927,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFACEFC4EFAA0" box="[973,1014,1340,1368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9FAB1FC51FAA0" box="[987,1001,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FACEFBF8FAA0" box="[1047,1088,1340,1368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D d*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FACEFB31FAA0" box="[1120,1161,1340,1368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D d</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FACEFB6BFAA0" box="[1194,1235,1340,1368]" gridcol="9" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5FAB1FB7DFAA0" box="[1207,1221,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FACEFAA4FAA0" box="[1267,1308,1340,1368]" gridcol="10" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE403FAB1FAB7FAA0" box="[1281,1295,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFACEFADEFAA0" box="[1341,1382,1340,1368]" gridcol="11" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE448FAB1FAE0FAA0" box="[1354,1368,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FACEFA17FAA0" box="[1414,1455,1340,1368]" gridcol="12" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496FAB1FA1AFAA0" box="[1428,1442,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FACEFA41FAA0" box="[1488,1529,1340,1368]" gridcol="13" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE4DFFAB1FA53FAA0" box="[1501,1515,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFAACFA41FA8D" box="[142,1529,1374,1397]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFAACFDECFA8D" box="[142,596,1374,1397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">36. Snout under (lifting, crossing under)</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FAACFD2BFA8D" box="[628,659,1374,1397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FAACFD63FA8D" box="[691,731,1374,1397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FAACFC9CFA8D" box="[763,804,1374,1397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FAACFC15FA8D" box="[837,941,1374,1397]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFAACFC4EFA8D" box="[973,1014,1374,1397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FAACFBF8FA8D" box="[1047,1088,1374,1397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FAACFB31FA8D" box="[1120,1161,1374,1397]" gridcol="8" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FAACFB6BFA8D" box="[1194,1235,1374,1397]" gridcol="9" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FAACFAA4FA8D" box="[1267,1308,1374,1397]" gridcol="10" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFAACFADEFA8D" box="[1341,1382,1374,1397]" gridcol="11" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FAACFA17FA8D" box="[1414,1455,1374,1397]" gridcol="12" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FAACFA41FA8D" box="[1488,1529,1374,1397]" gridcol="13" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFA8EFA41FA6B" box="[142,1529,1404,1427]" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFA8EFDECFA6B" box="[142,596,1404,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
37. Raise chin
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE022FA8EFDECFA6B" box="[288,596,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">in response to 36 or before 38</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FA8EFD2BFA6B" box="[628,659,1404,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FA8EFD63FA6B" box="[691,731,1404,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FA8EFC9CFA6B" box="[763,804,1404,1427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FA8EFC15FA6B" box="[837,941,1404,1427]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFA8EFC4EFA6B" box="[973,1014,1404,1427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FA8EFBF8FA6B" box="[1047,1088,1404,1427]" gridcol="7" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FA8EFB31FA6B" box="[1120,1161,1404,1427]" gridcol="8" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FA8EFB6BFA6B" box="[1194,1235,1404,1427]" gridcol="9" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FA8EFAA4FA6B" box="[1267,1308,1404,1427]" gridcol="10" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFA8EFADEFA6B" box="[1341,1382,1404,1427]" gridcol="11" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FA8EFA17FA6B" box="[1414,1455,1404,1427]" gridcol="12" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FA8EFA41FA6B" box="[1488,1529,1404,1427]" gridcol="13" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFA6BFA41FA48" box="[142,1529,1433,1456]" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFA6BFDECFA48" box="[142,596,1433,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">38. Chin over</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FA6BFD2BFA48" box="[628,659,1433,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FA6BFD63FA48" box="[691,731,1433,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FA6BFC9CFA48" box="[763,804,1433,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BFA69FCAFFA48" box="[777,791,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FA6BFC15FA48" box="[837,941,1433,1456]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFA6BFC4EFA48" box="[973,1014,1433,1456]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FA6BFBF8FA48" box="[1047,1088,1433,1456]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FA6BFB31FA48" box="[1120,1161,1433,1456]" gridcol="8" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FA6BFB6BFA48" box="[1194,1235,1433,1456]" gridcol="9" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FA6BFAA4FA48" box="[1267,1308,1433,1456]" gridcol="10" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFA6BFADEFA48" box="[1341,1382,1433,1456]" gridcol="11" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FA6BFA17FA48" box="[1414,1455,1433,1456]" gridcol="12" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FA6BFA41FA48" box="[1488,1529,1433,1456]" gridcol="13" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFA44FA41FA35" box="[142,1529,1462,1485]" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFA44FDECFA35" box="[142,596,1462,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">39. Position for TSW</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FA44FD2BFA35" box="[628,659,1462,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FA44FD63FA35" box="[691,731,1462,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FA44FC9CFA35" box="[763,804,1462,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FA44FC15FA35" box="[837,941,1462,1485]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFA44FC4EFA35" box="[973,1014,1462,1485]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FA44FBF8FA35" box="[1047,1088,1462,1485]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FA44FB31FA35" box="[1120,1161,1462,1485]" gridcol="8" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FA44FB6BFA35" box="[1194,1235,1462,1485]" gridcol="9" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FA44FAA4FA35" box="[1267,1308,1462,1485]" gridcol="10" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFA44FADEFA35" box="[1341,1382,1462,1485]" gridcol="11" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FA44FA17FA35" box="[1414,1455,1462,1485]" gridcol="12" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FA44FA41FA35" box="[1488,1529,1462,1485]" gridcol="13" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFA21FA41FA13" box="[142,1529,1491,1515]" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFA21FDECFA13" box="[142,596,1491,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
40. Turn around
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE037FA26FE7BFA13" box="[309,451,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">after 39 or 53</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FA21FD2BFA13" box="[628,659,1491,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FA21FD63FA13" box="[691,731,1491,1515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FA21FC9CFA13" box="[763,804,1491,1515]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FA21FC15FA13" box="[837,941,1491,1515]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFA21FC4EFA13" box="[973,1014,1491,1515]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FA21FBF8FA13" box="[1047,1088,1491,1515]" gridcol="7" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FA21FB31FA13" box="[1120,1161,1491,1515]" gridcol="8" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FA21FB6BFA13" box="[1194,1235,1491,1515]" gridcol="9" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FA21FAA4FA13" box="[1267,1308,1491,1515]" gridcol="10" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFA21FADEFA13" box="[1341,1382,1491,1515]" gridcol="11" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FA21FA17FA13" box="[1414,1455,1491,1515]" gridcol="12" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FA21FA41FA13" box="[1488,1529,1491,1515]" gridcol="13" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CFA03FA41F9F0" box="[142,1529,1521,1544]" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CFA03FDECF9F0" box="[142,596,1521,1544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
41. Tail straddle
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE030FA03FE08F9F0" box="[306,432,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">to initiate 42</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376FA03FD2BF9F0" box="[628,659,1521,1544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1FA03FD63F9F0" box="[691,731,1521,1544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9FA03FC9CF9F0" box="[763,804,1521,1544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247FA03FC15F9F0" box="[837,941,1521,1544]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFFA03FC4EF9F0" box="[973,1014,1521,1544]" gridcol="6" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515FA03FBF8F9F0" box="[1047,1088,1521,1544]" gridcol="7" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562FA03FB31F9F0" box="[1120,1161,1521,1544]" gridcol="8" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8FA03FB6BF9F0" box="[1194,1235,1521,1544]" gridcol="9" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1FA03FAA4F9F0" box="[1267,1308,1521,1544]" gridcol="10" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FFA03FADEF9F0" box="[1341,1382,1521,1544]" gridcol="11" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484FA03FA17F9F0" box="[1414,1455,1521,1544]" gridcol="12" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2FA03FA41F9F0" box="[1488,1529,1521,1544]" gridcol="13" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF9FCFA41F9DD" box="[142,1529,1550,1573]" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF9FCFDECF9DD" box="[142,596,1550,1573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">42. Tail-straddling walk</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F9FCFD2BF9DD" box="[628,659,1550,1573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F9FCFD63F9DD" box="[691,731,1550,1573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F9FCFC9CF9DD" box="[763,804,1550,1573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F9FCFC15F9DD" box="[837,941,1550,1573]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF9FCFC4EF9DD" box="[973,1014,1550,1573]" gridcol="6" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F9FCFBF8F9DD" box="[1047,1088,1550,1573]" gridcol="7" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F9FCFB31F9DD" box="[1120,1161,1550,1573]" gridcol="8" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F9FCFB6BF9DD" box="[1194,1235,1550,1573]" gridcol="9" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F9FCFAA4F9DD" box="[1267,1308,1550,1573]" gridcol="10" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF9FCFADEF9DD" box="[1341,1382,1550,1573]" gridcol="11" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F9FCFA17F9DD" box="[1414,1455,1550,1573]" gridcol="12" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F9FCFA41F9DD" box="[1488,1529,1550,1573]" gridcol="13" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF9D9FA41F9BB" box="[142,1529,1579,1603]" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF9D9FDECF9BB" box="[142,596,1579,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
43. Turn back
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE01EF9DEFEC7F9BB" box="[284,383,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">during 42</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F9D9FD2BF9BB" box="[628,659,1579,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F9D9FD63F9BB" box="[691,731,1579,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F9D9FC9CF9BB" box="[763,804,1579,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BF9DFFCAFF9BA" box="[777,791,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F9D9FC15F9BB" box="[837,941,1579,1603]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
M
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE25BF9DEFC27F9BA" box="[857,927,1580,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
*
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293F9DFFC27F9BA" box="[913,927,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE2CFF9DEFA4AF87D" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF9D9FC4EF9BB" box="[973,1014,1579,1603]" gridcol="6" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F9D9FBF8F9BB" box="[1047,1088,1579,1603]" gridcol="7" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F9D9FB31F9BB" box="[1120,1161,1579,1603]" gridcol="8" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CF9DFFBC4F9BA" box="[1134,1148,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F9D9FB6BF9BB" box="[1194,1235,1579,1603]" gridcol="9" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5F9DFFB7DF9BA" box="[1207,1221,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F9D9FAA4F9BB" box="[1267,1308,1579,1603]" gridcol="10" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF9D9FADEF9BB" box="[1341,1382,1579,1603]" gridcol="11" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F9D9FA17F9BB" box="[1414,1455,1579,1603]" gridcol="12" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F9D9FA41F9BB" box="[1488,1529,1579,1603]" gridcol="13" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF9BBFA41F998" box="[142,1529,1609,1632]" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF9BBFDECF998" box="[142,596,1609,1632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
44. Raise head
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE02AF9BBFE13F998" box="[296,427,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">to receive 45</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F9BBFD2BF998" box="[628,659,1609,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EF9B9FD32F998" box="[636,650,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F9BBFD63F998" box="[691,731,1609,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F9BBFC9CF998" box="[763,804,1609,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BF9B9FCAFF998" box="[777,791,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F9BBFC15F998" box="[837,941,1609,1632]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FF9B9FCE3F998" box="[845,859,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293F9B9FC27F998" box="[913,927,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF9BBFC4EF998" box="[973,1014,1609,1632]" gridcol="6" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9F9B9FC51F998" box="[987,1001,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F9BBFBF8F998" box="[1047,1088,1609,1632]" gridcol="7" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F9BBFB31F998" box="[1120,1161,1609,1632]" gridcol="8" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CF9B9FBC4F998" box="[1134,1148,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F9BBFB6BF998" box="[1194,1235,1609,1632]" gridcol="9" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5F9B9FB7DF998" box="[1207,1221,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F9BBFAA4F998" box="[1267,1308,1609,1632]" gridcol="10" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF9BBFADEF998" box="[1341,1382,1609,1632]" gridcol="11" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F9BBFA17F998" box="[1414,1455,1609,1632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496F9B9FA1AF998" box="[1428,1442,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F9BBFA41F998" box="[1488,1529,1609,1632]" gridcol="13" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF994FA41F985" box="[142,1529,1638,1661]" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF994FDECF985" box="[142,596,1638,1661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
45. MG slapping on snout
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE094F994FE41F985" box="[406,505,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">during 42</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F994FD2BF985" box="[628,659,1638,1661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EF99AFD32F985" box="[636,650,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F994FD63F985" box="[691,731,1638,1661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F994FC9CF985" box="[763,804,1638,1661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BF99AFCAFF985" box="[777,791,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F994FC15F985" box="[837,941,1638,1661]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
M*
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293F99AFC27F985" box="[913,927,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF994FC4EF985" box="[973,1014,1638,1661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F994FBF8F985" box="[1047,1088,1638,1661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F994FB31F985" box="[1120,1161,1638,1661]" gridcol="8" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CF99AFBC4F985" box="[1134,1148,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F994FB6BF985" box="[1194,1235,1638,1661]" gridcol="9" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5F99AFB7DF985" box="[1207,1221,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F994FAA4F985" box="[1267,1308,1638,1661]" gridcol="10" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF994FADEF985" box="[1341,1382,1638,1661]" gridcol="11" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F994FA17F985" box="[1414,1455,1638,1661]" gridcol="12" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F994FA41F985" box="[1488,1529,1638,1661]" gridcol="13" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF971FA41F963" box="[142,1529,1667,1691]" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF971FDECF963" box="[142,596,1667,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
46. Vent sliding
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE02FF976FE11F963" box="[301,425,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">at end of 42</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F971FD2BF963" box="[628,659,1667,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EF977FD32F962" box="[636,650,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F971FD63F963" box="[691,731,1667,1691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F971FC9CF963" box="[763,804,1667,1691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BF977FCAFF962" box="[777,791,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F971FC15F963" box="[837,941,1667,1691]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FF977FCE3F962" box="[845,859,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293F977FC27F962" box="[913,927,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF971FC4EF963" box="[973,1014,1667,1691]" gridcol="6" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F971FBF8F963" box="[1047,1088,1667,1691]" gridcol="7" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F971FB31F963" box="[1120,1161,1667,1691]" gridcol="8" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F971FB6BF963" box="[1194,1235,1667,1691]" gridcol="9" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F971FAA4F963" box="[1267,1308,1667,1691]" gridcol="10" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF971FADEF963" box="[1341,1382,1667,1691]" gridcol="11" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F971FA17F963" box="[1414,1455,1667,1691]" gridcol="12" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F971FA41F963" box="[1488,1529,1667,1691]" gridcol="13" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF953FA41F940" box="[142,1529,1697,1720]" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF953FDECF940" box="[142,596,1697,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">47. Spermatophore deposition</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F953FD2BF940" box="[628,659,1697,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F953FD63F940" box="[691,731,1697,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F953FC9CF940" box="[763,804,1697,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F953FC15F940" box="[837,941,1697,1720]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF953FC4EF940" box="[973,1014,1697,1720]" gridcol="6" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F953FBF8F940" box="[1047,1088,1697,1720]" gridcol="7" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F953FB31F940" box="[1120,1161,1697,1720]" gridcol="8" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F953FB6BF940" box="[1194,1235,1697,1720]" gridcol="9" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F953FAA4F940" box="[1267,1308,1697,1720]" gridcol="10" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF953FADEF940" box="[1341,1382,1697,1720]" gridcol="11" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F953FA17F940" box="[1414,1455,1697,1720]" gridcol="12" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F953FA41F940" box="[1488,1529,1697,1720]" gridcol="13" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF94CFA41F92D" box="[142,1529,1726,1749]" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF94CFDECF92D" box="[142,596,1726,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
48. Lateral head movements
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE0B0F94CFDADF92D" box="[434,533,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">during 47</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F94CFD2BF92D" box="[628,659,1726,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EF932FD32F92D" box="[636,650,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F94CFD63F92D" box="[691,731,1726,1749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F94CFC9CF92D" box="[763,804,1726,1749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F94CFC15F92D" box="[837,941,1726,1749]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FF932FCE3F92D" box="[845,859,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE293F932FC27F92D" box="[913,927,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF94CFC4EF92D" box="[973,1014,1726,1749]" gridcol="6" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9F932FC51F92D" box="[987,1001,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F94CFBF8F92D" box="[1047,1088,1726,1749]" gridcol="7" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE526F932FB8AF92D" box="[1060,1074,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F94CFB31F92D" box="[1120,1161,1726,1749]" gridcol="8" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE56CF932FBC4F92D" box="[1134,1148,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F94CFB6BF92D" box="[1194,1235,1726,1749]" gridcol="9" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE5B5F932FB7DF92D" box="[1207,1221,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F94CFAA4F92D" box="[1267,1308,1726,1749]" gridcol="10" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF94CFADEF92D" box="[1341,1382,1726,1749]" gridcol="11" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F94CFA17F92D" box="[1414,1455,1726,1749]" gridcol="12" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496F932FA1AF92D" box="[1428,1442,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F94CFA41F92D" box="[1488,1529,1726,1749]" gridcol="13" gridrow="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF929FA41F90B" box="[142,1529,1755,1779]" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF929FDECF90B" box="[142,596,1755,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">49. Lead female over spermatophore</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F929FD2BF90B" box="[628,659,1755,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F929FD63F90B" box="[691,731,1755,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F929FC9CF90B" box="[763,804,1755,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F929FC15F90B" box="[837,941,1755,1779]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF929FC4EF90B" box="[973,1014,1755,1779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F929FBF8F90B" box="[1047,1088,1755,1779]" gridcol="7" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F929FB31F90B" box="[1120,1161,1755,1779]" gridcol="8" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F929FB6BF90B" box="[1194,1235,1755,1779]" gridcol="9" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F929FAA4F90B" box="[1267,1308,1755,1779]" gridcol="10" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF929FADEF90B" box="[1341,1382,1755,1779]" gridcol="11" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F929FA17F90B" box="[1414,1455,1755,1779]" gridcol="12" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F929FA41F90B" box="[1488,1529,1755,1779]" gridcol="13" gridrow="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF90BFA41F8E8" box="[142,1529,1785,1808]" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF90BFDECF8E8" box="[142,596,1785,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">50. Pass by spermatophore</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F90BFD2BF8E8" box="[628,659,1785,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F90BFD63F8E8" box="[691,731,1785,1808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F90BFC9CF8E8" box="[763,804,1785,1808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F90BFC15F8E8" box="[837,941,1785,1808]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF90BFC4EF8E8" box="[973,1014,1785,1808]" gridcol="6" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F90BFBF8F8E8" box="[1047,1088,1785,1808]" gridcol="7" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F90BFB31F8E8" box="[1120,1161,1785,1808]" gridcol="8" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F90BFB6BF8E8" box="[1194,1235,1785,1808]" gridcol="9" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F90BFAA4F8E8" box="[1267,1308,1785,1808]" gridcol="10" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF90BFADEF8E8" box="[1341,1382,1785,1808]" gridcol="11" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F90BFA17F8E8" box="[1414,1455,1785,1808]" gridcol="12" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F90BFA41F8E8" box="[1488,1529,1785,1808]" gridcol="13" gridrow="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF8E4FA41F8D5" box="[142,1529,1814,1837]" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF8E4FDECF8D5" box="[142,596,1814,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">51. Stop & lower vent, 52. Position on cap</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F8E4FD2BF8D5" box="[628,659,1814,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F8E4FD63F8D5" box="[691,731,1814,1837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F8E4FC9CF8D5" box="[763,804,1814,1837]" gridcol="3" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F8E4FC15F8D5" box="[837,941,1814,1837]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF8E4FC4EF8D5" box="[973,1014,1814,1837]" gridcol="6" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F8E4FBF8F8D5" box="[1047,1088,1814,1837]" gridcol="7" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F8E4FB31F8D5" box="[1120,1161,1814,1837]" gridcol="8" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F8E4FB6BF8D5" box="[1194,1235,1814,1837]" gridcol="9" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F8E4FAA4F8D5" box="[1267,1308,1814,1837]" gridcol="10" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF8E4FADEF8D5" box="[1341,1382,1814,1837]" gridcol="11" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F8E4FA17F8D5" box="[1414,1455,1814,1837]" gridcol="12" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F8E4FA41F8D5" box="[1488,1529,1814,1837]" gridcol="13" gridrow="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF8DDFA41F8B3" box="[142,1529,1839,1867]" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF8DDFDECF8B3" box="[142,596,1839,1867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">53. Stationary with tail flexed</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F8DDFD2BF8B3" box="[628,659,1839,1867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F8DDFD63F8B3" box="[691,731,1839,1867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F8DDFC9CF8B3" box="[763,804,1839,1867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F8DDFC15F8B3" box="[837,941,1839,1867]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF8DDFC4EF8B3" box="[973,1014,1839,1867]" gridcol="6" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M d</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F8DDFBF8F8B3" box="[1047,1088,1839,1867]" gridcol="7" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F8DDFB31F8B3" box="[1120,1161,1839,1867]" gridcol="8" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F8DDFB6BF8B3" box="[1194,1235,1839,1867]" gridcol="9" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F8DDFAA4F8B3" box="[1267,1308,1839,1867]" gridcol="10" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF8DDFADEF8B3" box="[1341,1382,1839,1867]" gridcol="11" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F8DDFA17F8B3" box="[1414,1455,1839,1867]" gridcol="12" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F8DDFA41F8B3" box="[1488,1529,1839,1867]" gridcol="13" gridrow="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF8A3FA41F890" box="[142,1529,1873,1896]" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF8A3FDECF890" box="[142,596,1873,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">54. Eat spermatophore cap and/or base</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F8A3FD2BF890" box="[628,659,1873,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE37EF8A1FD32F890" box="[636,650,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F8A3FD63F890" box="[691,731,1873,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F8A3FC9CF890" box="[763,804,1873,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE20BF8A1FCAFF890" box="[777,791,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F8A3FC15F890" box="[837,941,1873,1896]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE24FF8A1FCE3F890" box="[845,859,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
M
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF8A3FC4EF890" box="[973,1014,1873,1896]" gridcol="6" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE2D9F8A1FC51F890" box="[987,1001,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F8A3FBF8F890" box="[1047,1088,1873,1896]" gridcol="7" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F8A3FB31F890" box="[1120,1161,1873,1896]" gridcol="8" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F8A3FB6BF890" box="[1194,1235,1873,1896]" gridcol="9" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F8A3FAA4F890" box="[1267,1308,1873,1896]" gridcol="10" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">?</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF8A3FADEF890" box="[1341,1382,1873,1896]" gridcol="11" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F8A3FA17F890" box="[1414,1455,1873,1896]" gridcol="12" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E12284CE496F8A1FA1AF890" box="[1428,1442,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F8A3FA41F890" box="[1488,1529,1873,1896]" gridcol="13" gridrow="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E12D7B7E18CF89CFA41F87D" box="[142,1529,1902,1925]" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E18CF89CFDECF87D" box="[142,596,1902,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Species reference number for source(s)</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E376F89CFD2BF87D" box="[628,659,1902,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3B1F89CFD63F87D" box="[691,731,1902,1925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E3F9F89CFC9CF87D" box="[763,804,1902,1925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E247F89CFC15F87D" box="[837,941,1902,1925]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">4 5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E2CFF89CFC4EF87D" box="[973,1014,1902,1925]" gridcol="6" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E515F89CFBF8F87D" box="[1047,1088,1902,1925]" gridcol="7" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E562F89CFB31F87D" box="[1120,1161,1902,1925]" gridcol="8" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5A8F89CFB6BF87D" box="[1194,1235,1902,1925]" gridcol="9" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E5F1F89CFAA4F87D" box="[1267,1308,1902,1925]" gridcol="10" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">10</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E43FF89CFADEF87D" box="[1341,1382,1902,1925]" gridcol="11" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E484F89CFA17F87D" box="[1414,1455,1902,1925]" gridcol="12" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">12</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E12D7B7E4D2F89CFA41F87D" box="[1488,1529,1902,1925]" gridcol="13" gridrow="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E12284CE18CF868FDB0F810" blockId="4.[142,1529,1941,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<tableNote id="793837059E12284CE18CF868FDB0F810" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[142,1529,377,1925]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
Sources:
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE1EBF867FF46F85C" attach="right" box="[233,254,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">13</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE1FDF868FE39F849" author="Organ, J. A." box="[255,385,1946,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref21075" refString="Organ, J. A. 1958. Courtship and spermatophore of Plethodon jordani metcalfi. Copeia 1958: 251 - 259." type="journal article" year="1958">Organ, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE08CF867FE1BF85C" attach="right" box="[398,419,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">12</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE0A6F868FD8AF849" author="Organ, J. A." box="[420,562,1946,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="34 - 40" refId="ref21098" refString="Organ, J. A. 1960 a. The courtship and spermatophore of the salamander Plethodon glutinosus. Copeia 1960: 34 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Organ, 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE33DF867FDF1F85C" attach="right" box="[575,585,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">3</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE348F868FD61F849" author="Organ, J. A." box="[586,729,1946,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="287 - 297" refId="ref21124" refString="Organ, J. A. 1960 b. Studies on the life history of the salamander, Plethodon welleri. Copeia 1960: 287 - 297." type="journal article" year="1960">Organ, 1960b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE3E4F867FD43F85C" attach="right" box="[742,763,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">13</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE3FEF868FC0AF849" author="MacMahon, J. A." box="[764,946,1946,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="67 - 69" refId="ref20683" refString="MacMahon, J. A. 1964. Additional observations on the courtship of Metcalf's Salamander, Plethodon jordani (metcalfi phase). Herpetologica 20: 67 - 69." type="journal article" year="1964">MacMahon, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE2BDF867FBE9F85C" attach="right" box="[959,1105,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">1,2,3,6,9,10,12,13</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE553F868FB60F849" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[1105,1240,1946,1969]" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" refId="ref19137" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1972. The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." title="The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss" type="book" year="1972">Arnold, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE5E7F867FAACF85C" attach="right" box="[1253,1300,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11,13</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE416F868FA23F849" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[1300,1435,1946,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="247 - 300" refId="ref19169" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1976. Sexual behavior, sexual interference and sexual defense in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani. Zeitschrift f ur € Tierpsychologie 42: 247 - 300." type="journal article" year="1976">Arnold, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE4AAF867FA0AF85C" attach="right" box="[1448,1458,1941,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">1</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE4B0F868FEF0F834" author="Gergits, W. F. & R. G. Jaeger" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="93 - 95" refId="ref19774" refString="Gergits, W. F., and R. G. Jaeger. 1990. Field observations of the behavior of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus): courtship and agonistic interactions. Journal of Herpetology 24: 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1990">Gergits and Jaeger, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE05BF843FEDBF838" attach="right" box="[345,355,1969,1984]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">7</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE066F847FD2BF834" author="Marvin, G. A. & V. H. Hutchison" box="[356,659,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="285 - 303" refId="ref20927" refString="Marvin, G. A., and V. H. Hutchison. 1996. Courtship behavior of the Cumberland Plateau woodland salaman- der, Plethodon kentucki (Amphibia: Plethodontidae), with a review of courtship in the genus Plethodon. Ethology 102: 285 - 303." type="journal article" year="1996">Marvin and Hutchison, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE3A7F843FD02F838" attach="right" box="[677,698,1969,1984]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE3B8F847FC79F834" author="Houck, L. D. & S. J. Arnold" box="[698,961,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="383 - 424" refId="ref19907" refString="Houck, L. D., and S. J. Arnold. 2003. Courtship and mating behavior, p. 383 - 424. In: Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Urodela (Amphibia). D. M. Sever (ed.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire." type="book chapter" year="2003">Houck and Arnold, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE2D0F843FC64F838" attach="right" box="[978,988,1969,1984]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">5</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE2DFF847FBDBF834" author="Picard, A. L." box="[989,1123,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="799 - 809" refId="ref21217" refString="Picard, A. L. 2005. Courtship in the Zig-zag Salamander (Plethodon dorsalis): insights into a transition in pheromonedelivery behavior. Ethology 111: 799 - 809." type="journal article" year="2005">Picard, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE577F843FB25F838" attach="right" box="[1141,1181,1969,1984]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">1,2,4</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE59FF847FAAAF834" author="Dyal, L. A." box="[1181,1298,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="55 - 65" refId="ref19537" refString="Dyal, L. A. 2006. Novel courtship behaviors in three small eastern Plethodon species. Journal of Herpetology 40: 55 - 65." type="journal article" year="2006">Dyal, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE421F843FA80F838" attach="right" box="[1315,1336,1969,1984]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE43BF847FA4BF834" author="Eddy, S. L. & K. M. Kiemnec-Tyburczy & J. C. Uyeda & L. D. Houck" box="[1337,1523,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="1240 - 1250" refId="ref19564" refString="Eddy, S. L., K. M. Kiemnec-Tyburczy, J. C. Uyeda, and L. D. Houck. 2012. The influence of sequential male courtship behaviors on courtship success and duration in a terrestrial salamander, Plethodon shermani. Ethology 118: 1240 - 1250." type="journal article" year="2012">Eddy et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE18CF83EFF20F823" attach="right" box="[142,152,1996,2011]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">6</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E12284CE19BF823FEE7F810" author="Pierson, T. W. & S. J. Arnold & M. K. Hamed & W. Lattea & E. T. Carter" box="[153,351,2001,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref21250" refString="Pierson, T. W., S. J. Arnold, M. K. Hamed, W. Lattea, and E. T. Carter. 2017. Courtship behavior of the Yonahlossee Salamander (Plethodon yonahlossee): observations in the field and laboratory. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2017">Pierson et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E12284CE069F83EFE3CF823" attach="right" box="[363,388,1996,2011]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">7,8</superScript>
|
||
current study
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E13284DE165FC5EFAC0F9ED" blockId="5.[103,773,939,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[820,1490,178,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE165FC5EFD3EFC38" bold="true" box="[103,646,939,960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE165FC5EFE49FC38" bold="true" box="[103,497,940,960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Behaviors exhibited by males only.—</emphasis>
|
||
Foot dance:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
While stationary or moving very slowly toward the female with his venter in contact with the substrate, the male repeatedly raises and lowers his fore- and hind-limbs one at a time (Supplemental Videos 4 and 12).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE0E6FBD3FD30FBCF" bold="true" box="[484,648,1057,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Foot shuffle:</emphasis>
|
||
While stationary and close to the female, male alternately raises and lowers each rear foot (Supplemental Videos 13 and 14). Due to the inability to see the male’s forelimbs clearly on occasions, I report the total occurrence of foot dance and foot shuffle as foot dance/shuffle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE0B3FB47FD7EFB32" bold="true" box="[433,710,1204,1226]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Mental-gland sliding:</emphasis>
|
||
Male slides his mental gland on the female’s skin (Supplemental Video 15). The equivalent behavior in other EP is often termed ‘head sliding’ (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE0ADFAFFFDFFFADA" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[431,583,1293,1315]" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" refId="ref19137" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1972. The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." title="The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss" type="book" year="1972">Arnold, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On rare occasions, the male arches his head and may exert downward pressure during sliding (Supplemental Video 16). Male may perform foot dance, foot shuffle, tail arch, and undulate tail during sliding.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE01CFA71FDA9FA60" bold="true" box="[286,529,1411,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Mental-gland pop:</emphasis>
|
||
Occasionally during mental-gland sliding, when the male or female breaks contact, the mental gland abruptly pops away from the female’s skin (Supplemental Videos 15, 17, and 18). The abrupt motion appears as if due to the breakage of an adhesive force.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE1ADF9E5FE21F9D4" bold="true" box="[175,409,1559,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Mental-gland tap:</emphasis>
|
||
Male taps his mental gland on the female’s skin (Supplemental Video 19). However, unlike some other EP, male does not tap his mental gland on her nares.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE1B2F99DFE0EF97D" bold="true" box="[176,438,1647,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Mental-gland swipe:</emphasis>
|
||
Male quickly swipes his mental gland on the female’s skin (but not nares) with a sideways or backward motion (Supplemental Video 20).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE3ADF959FF0DF925" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Mouth grasp:</emphasis>
|
||
Male lightly grasps the female’s head, body, leg, or tail with his jaws and maintains the grasp for one to several seconds (Supplemental Videos 21 and 22).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE35BF8F1FCBCF8E0" bold="true" box="[601,772,1795,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Snout under:</emphasis>
|
||
Male positions his snout under the slightly raised chin, body, or tail of the female (Supplemental Video 23). If he raises his head and makes contact with her chin, then she typically raises her chin higher to avoid the contact. Male then slowly crawls under her raised head and positions his tail base beneath her chin. Similarly, if there is sufficient space beneath the female’s body or tail, then the male may perform snout under to the body or tail. ‘Lifting’ and ‘crossing under’ are the equivalent or very similar behaviors described in other EP (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE567FF1FFB40FEFA" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[1125,1272,237,259]" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" refId="ref19137" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1972. The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." title="The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss" type="book" year="1972">Arnold, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE404FF1FFAC6FEFB" author="Dyal, L. A." box="[1286,1406,237,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="55 - 65" refId="ref19537" refString="Dyal, L. A. 2006. Novel courtship behaviors in three small eastern Plethodon species. Journal of Herpetology 40: 55 - 65." type="journal article" year="2006">Dyal, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE497FF1EFC5DFED8" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Position for TSW:</emphasis>
|
||
If the female contacts the male either incidentally when moving or directly by tapping her chin on the male’s dorsum during ‘chin over,’ then the male reflexively positions his arched tail beneath the female’s chin (or against her body or tail) while slowly undulating his tail laterally (Supplemental Video 24). Sometimes the male walks forward very slowly with tail arched and undulating as he maintains contact with the female’s skin. ‘Stationary with tail arched and undulating’ and ‘moving forward with tail arched and undulating’ are the equivalent or very similar behaviors described in other EP (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE5E6FDC3FAC1FDBE" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[1252,1401,561,583]" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" refId="ref19137" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1972. The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." title="The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss" type="book" year="1972">Arnold, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE490FDC3FC23FD9C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Turn around:</emphasis>
|
||
After position for TSW, if the female does not move to maintain contact with the male’s tail, then he typically turns around very slowly toward her with a U-shaped bend of his body, and moves toward her while often performing foot dance with tail arch and undulations. Also, turn around often follows ‘position on sperm cap’ by the female, but he does not perform foot dance or tail arch and undulate (Supplemental Videos 11 and 25).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE42FFCECFA69FCCB" bold="true" box="[1325,1489,797,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Vent sliding:</emphasis>
|
||
During the final few seconds of TSW, the male lowers his vent and slides it in contact with the substrate before he stops walking forward (Supplemental Video 26), which may allow him to find an appropriate site to deposit the spermatophore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE2C0FC43FBEFFC3E" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[962,1111,945,967]" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" refId="ref19137" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1972. The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." title="The evolution of courtship behavior in salamanders. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss" type="book" year="1972">Arnold, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE56DFC43FA69FC3F" bold="true" box="[1135,1489,945,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Spermatophore deposition:</emphasis>
|
||
Male stops walking at the end of TSW and remains stationary with his venter and vent in contact with the substrate and his head elevated (Supplemental Video 26). He continues to undulate his tail laterally as the female maintains chin contact with his tail base. Male’s tail undulations increase in frequency and amplitude during spermatophore deposition. Male then stops undulating his tail, arches it upward, and lifts his vent free of the spermatophore (Supplemental Video 27).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE52BFB48FA35FB28" bold="true" box="[1065,1421,1210,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Stationary with tail flexed:</emphasis>
|
||
If the female stops and lowers her vent on or near the spermatophore (during ‘lead female over spermatophore’), the male stops walking and, while stationary with his tail flexed, extends and flexes his hind-legs (i.e., performs ‘pelvic lifting’) as she maintains her chin contact with his tail base (Supplemental Video 28). Male eventually stops flexing his rear legs and remains motionless with his rear legs extended and tail flexed to one side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE583FA55FA3DFA44" bold="true" box="[1153,1413,1447,1468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Eat spermatophore:</emphasis>
|
||
If the male locates an intact spermatophore or the gelatinous base of a spermatophore via nose-tapping, then he typically eats the sperm cap and/or base (Supplemental Video 29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E13284EE236F9C4FF62FCD8" blockId="5.[820,1490,1588,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[142,812,178,800]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E13284DE236F9C4FC62F990" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE236F9C4FC62F990" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE236F9C4FB75F9B2" bold="true" box="[820,1229,1590,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Behaviors exhibited by females only.—</emphasis>
|
||
High-amplitude tail undulations:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
When the male’s chin contacts the female’s tail or sacral region, she may undulate her tail in a slow, wavelike motion while her tail is either in full contact with the substrate or with the tail base arched (Supplemental Video 30).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE2ACF93AFBFDF926" bold="true" box="[942,1093,1736,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Snout high:</emphasis>
|
||
Female raises her snout high above the substrate such that her head forms about a 60 to 808 angle with the substrate (Supplemental Video 31). Snout high occurs occasionally in response to mental-gland sliding or during ffTSW.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E13284DE51FF8CCFB11F8AB" bold="true" box="[1053,1193,1854,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Turn back:</emphasis>
|
||
As the male rests his mental gland on the female’s tail base, she turns back toward him with a U-shape bend of her body (Supplemental Video 32). Turn back may occur during mental-gland sliding or ffTSW. Such behavior during ffTSW is very similar to the ‘circling’ behavior of some EP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E13284DE5A7F820FA9AF810" author="Dyal, L. A." box="[1189,1314,2002,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="55 - 65" refId="ref19537" refString="Dyal, L. A. 2006. Novel courtship behaviors in three small eastern Plethodon species. Journal of Herpetology 40: 55 - 65." type="journal article" year="2006">Dyal, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the female does not straddle the male’s tail immediately after turn back.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE007FF3DFE28FF1D" bold="true" box="[261,400,207,229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Raise chin:</emphasis>
|
||
Female raises her chin before or after turn back, or in response to snout under by the male (Supplemental Video 23).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE09AFEF9FD9DFED9" bold="true" box="[408,549,267,289]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Chin over:</emphasis>
|
||
Female positions her snout above the male and usually taps her chin once or several times on his dorsum. Chin over typically occurs after turn back by the female (Supplemental Video 33) but may also occur in response to snout under by the male (Supplemental Video 34). Male typically responds to such contact with position for TSW.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE092FE4DFD23FE2D" bold="true" box="[400,667,447,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Stop and lower vent:</emphasis>
|
||
During ‘lead female over spermatophore,’ the female stops walking forward and lowers her vent onto or close to the spermatophore (Supplemental Video 35).
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE303FDE8FC94FDD7" bold="true" box="[513,812,538,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Position on sperm cap:</emphasis>
|
||
After lowering her vent onto the sperm cap of a spermatophore, the female slightly undulates the base of her tail laterally (Supplementary Video 28). Female may or may not successfully retrieve the sperm cap. If successful, she retains the sperm cap in her cloaca as she raises her vent off the gelatinous base. Female may move away immediately after sperm-cap retrieval while male remains stationary with tail flexed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E10284EE18CFCB3FA87F938" blockId="6.[142,812,831,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[859,1529,1675,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E10284EE18CFCB3FD93FC8B" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE18CFCB3FD93FC8B" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE18CFCB3FD01FCAC" bold="true" box="[142,697,832,852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Duet behaviors with both female and male actions.—</emphasis>
|
||
Continuous, female-first TSW (ffTSWc):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
While the male straddles the female’s tail and continually rests his mental gland on her tail base or sacral region, the pair slowly walks forward in tandem as she laterally undulates her tail base continuously beneath his chin (Supplementary Videos 5 and 36). Female may keep her tail base very slightly arched as the pair walks forward without breaking contact. Pair performs tight turns to avoid obstructions (e.g., side of courtship arena) during ffTSWc.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE0CAFBBFFEE8FB79" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Discontinuous, female-first TSW (ffTSWd):</emphasis>
|
||
Behavior is similar to ffTSWc, but contact between the pair, the forward movement of the pair, and the female’s tail undulations are discontinuous. The female’s walking is sporadically faster than the male’s, which causes his chin contact to break; however, she stops moving forward after taking a few steps. Female’s tail undulations and forward movement only occur when the male’s chin rests on her sacral region or tail. In contrast to ffTSWc, lateral undulations of the female’s tail are less frequent and larger in amplitude, which may cause the male’s chin contact to break. In addition, flex or arch of the female’s tail is typically greater. When the male’s chin contact is lost, it often takes several seconds to re-establish contact (Supplemental Video 37). In some courtships, the pair may transition from ffTSWd to ffTSWc and vice versa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE36FF9FDFF6FF9BB" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Tail-straddling walk:</emphasis>
|
||
Following position for TSW, if the female steps astride the male’s tail (Supplemental Video 9), the female walks slowly forward in tandem with the male while continually resting her chin on his tail base. Male continuously undulates his tail base laterally beneath her chin and keeps his tail base arched and head elevated above the substrate as the pair walks forward (Supplemental Videos 36 and 38). Male apparently adjusts his walking speed in response to the position of the female’s chin on his tail (i.e., he walks more slowly if she contacts his tail more distally and vice versa). Pair performs tight turns to avoid obstructions (e.g., side of courtship arena) during TSW.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE021F88AFD6CF875" bold="true" box="[291,724,1911,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Lead female over spermatophore:</emphasis>
|
||
Female rests her chin on the male’s tail base as he walks forward after spermatophore deposition with his vent raised and tail flexed to one side. Female walks over the spermatophore with her venter raised just high enough that the sperm cap slightly touches her venter (Supplemental Video 35).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E10284EE259FB7AFA1CF999" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" startId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" targetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E10284EE259FB7AFA1CF999" blockId="6.[859,1530,1159,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE259FB7AFA0DFAAE" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E10284EE404FB50FA79FB4D" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1286,1473,1185,1206]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE404FB50FA79FB4D" bold="true" box="[1286,1473,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,65% of courtships (with
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE517FAAEFB80FA88" bold="true" box="[1045,1080,1372,1392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">n ¼</emphasis>
|
||
20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE582FA8AFB28FA73" bold="true" box="[1152,1168,1400,1419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">¼</emphasis>
|
||
nose-tap. TA
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE418FA8AFA92FA73" bold="true" box="[1306,1322,1400,1419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">¼</emphasis>
|
||
turn around. Dance/ Shuffle
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE2ABFA61FC01FA5E" bold="true" box="[937,953,1427,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">¼</emphasis>
|
||
foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E10284EE259F902FA25F8DD" blockId="6.[859,1437,1776,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E10284EE259F902FA25F8DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE259F902FA25F8DD" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
Temporal organization of courtship, behavior frequency, and behavior duration for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E10284EE422F8E0FA25F8DD" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1312,1437,1810,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE422F8E0FA25F8DD" bold="true" box="[1312,1437,1810,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">P. petraeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E10284FE259F8C8FD03F97C" blockId="6.[859,1529,1848,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[103,773,1282,1668]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE259F8C8FB34F8B5" bold="true" box="[859,1164,1850,1870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Initial courtship encounters.—</emphasis>
|
||
The ethogram summarizes many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E10284EE2D0F884FBF9F873" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" authorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[978,1089,1910,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E10284EE2D0F884FBF9F873" box="[978,1089,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">P. petraeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E10284EE553F884FB37F873" box="[1105,1167,1910,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Initially the male nose-tapped the substrate frequently as he explored the courtship arena. When the male located the female, he often kept his venter in contact with the substrate as he moved toward her very slowly. During initial encounters, the male typically nose-tapped the female’s tail. A male likely identifies the species, sex, and reproductive status of another salamander by olfaction during nose-tapping (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E11284FE0A9FAAFFDFFFA8B" author="Arnold, S. J." box="[427,583,1373,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" pagination="247 - 300" refId="ref19169" refString="Arnold, S. J. 1976. Sexual behavior, sexual interference and sexual defense in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani. Zeitschrift f ur € Tierpsychologie 42: 247 - 300." type="journal article" year="1976">Arnold, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E11284FE35CFAAFFD45FA8A" author="Dawley, E. M." box="[606,765,1373,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" pagination="353 - 361" refId="ref19501" refString="Dawley, E. M. 1984. Recognition of individual, sex and species odours by salamanders of the Plethodon glutinosus - P. jordani complex. Animal Behaviour 32: 353 - 361." type="journal article" year="1984">Dawley, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E11284FE165FA8EFE36FA68" author="Dantzer, B. J. & R. G. Jaeger" box="[103,398,1403,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" pagination="214 - 222" refId="ref19422" refString="Dantzer, B. J., and R. G. Jaeger. 2007 a. Detection of sexual identity of conspecifics through volatile chemical signals in a territorial salamander. Ethology 113: 214 - 222." type="journal article" year="2007">Dantzer and Jaeger, 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E04F4B7A9E11284FE09FFA89FE5AFA69" author="Dantzer, B. J. & R. G. Jaeger" box="[413,482,1403,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" pagination="176 - 183" refId="ref19461" refString="Dantzer, B. J., and R. G. Jaeger. 2007 b. Male red-backed salamanders can determine the reproductive status of conspecific females through volatile chemical signals. Herpetologica 63: 176 - 183." type="journal article" year="2007">2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If the female were non-receptive, she would move away from the male when he contacted her (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE016FA4AFEEAFA35" box="[276,338,1464,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male typically would soon relocate the female visually if she were moving or otherwise via olfaction. The male kept moving toward and contacting a non-receptive female until she eventually remained stationary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE199F9C3FF61F9BE" box="[155,217,1585,1607]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In two incomplete courtships, the male bit the female when he first moved toward her; however, the male soon ceased aggressive behavior and began courtship.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E11284FE165FCEBFF60FB2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" startId="7.[103,131,793,812]" targetBox="[103,787,167,765]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E11284FE165FCEBFF60FB2F" blockId="7.[103,774,793,1239]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE165FCEBFE09FB85" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E11284FE346FCC1FD47FCBF" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[580,767,819,839]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE346FCC1FD47FCBF" bold="true" box="[580,767,819,839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE32BFC6DFD81FC4A" bold="true" box="[553,569,927,946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE30CFC1DFDA6FBFA" bold="true" box="[526,542,1007,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE0ACFBFBFE06FBE4" bold="true" box="[430,446,1033,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE1ACFBD6FF06FBCF" bold="true" box="[174,190,1060,1079]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE388FBD6FD22FBCF" bold="true" box="[650,666,1060,1079]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E11284FE0AFFB9DFE09FB85" attach="left" box="[429,433,1135,1149]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">,</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
**Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E11284FE236FCEEFBF5FBC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" startId="7.[820,848,796,815]" targetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E11284FE236FCEEFBF5FBC2" blockId="7.[820,1491,796,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E11284FE413FCC4FA75FCB2" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1297,1485,822,842]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE413FCC4FA75FCB2" bold="true" box="[1297,1485,822,842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE25CFC50FCD6FC4D" bold="true" box="[862,878,930,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E11284FE165F956FACEFA46" blockId="7.[103,773,1699,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[820,1491,1125,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE165F956FEDCF940" bold="true" box="[103,356,1700,1720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E11284FE165F956FEECF940" box="[103,340,1700,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Mental-gland sliding</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
During the pre-TSW phase of courtship, the most frequent male behaviors were mental-gland sliding, mental-gland popping, foot dance/shuffle, tail arch, undulate tail, and position for TSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE315F90FFDD9F8EB" box="[535,609,1789,1811]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[103,131,793,812]" captionTargetBox="[103,787,167,765]" captionTargetId="figure-538@7.[103,772,178,762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann- Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE370F90CFD38F8EB" box="[626,640,1790,1811]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[820,848,796,815]" captionTargetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-708@7.[821,1490,178,765]" captionText="FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male typically initiated mental-gland sliding on the female’s tail and then moved very slowly toward her head. If the male initially moved posteriorly during sliding, he would move anteriorly after reaching the tip of her tail. Total duration of sliding per pre-TSW hour was not significantly different between complete and incomplete courtships (two-way ANOVA on ranks,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE032F820FEEDF81F" box="[304,341,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE041F821FEEDF81F" bold="true" box="[323,341,2003,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.22,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE09BF820FE07F81F" box="[409,447,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE0AFF821FE07F81F" bold="true" box="[429,447,2003,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.64) but significantly varied among the tail, body, and head (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE5A5FB94FB76FB82" box="[1191,1230,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE5BEFB94FB76FB82" bold="true" box="[1212,1230,1126,1146]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
31.06,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE421FB94FA89FB83" box="[1315,1329,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001; Supplemental Fig. A; see Data Accessibility). Duration was greater on the tail than on either the body (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE43AFB52FAE4FB4D" box="[1336,1372,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
t
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE448FB53FAE4FB4D" bold="true" box="[1354,1372,1185,1205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
6.12,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE4A5FB52FA0DFB4D" box="[1447,1461,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001) or head (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE2F1FB4CFBA0FB2A" box="[1011,1048,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
t
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE504FB4CFBA0FB2A" bold="true" box="[1030,1048,1214,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
7.36,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE564FB4CFBCCFB2B" box="[1126,1140,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001; mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE43BFB4CFAF3FB2A" bold="true" box="[1337,1355,1214,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
7.71
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE485FB4FFA23FB2B" bold="true" box="[1415,1435,1213,1235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">6</emphasis>
|
||
1.06, 1.91
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE267FB28FCC1FB08" bold="true" box="[869,889,1242,1264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.37, and 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE514FB28FB92FB08" bold="true" box="[1046,1066,1242,1264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 min/pre-TSW hour, respectively). Mental-gland sliding on the female’s nares was momentary (usually,1 sec) and infrequent (3/10 complete and 5/10 incomplete courtships with mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE5C6FAC1FB6EFABF" bold="true" box="[1220,1238,1331,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE413FAC0FA9DFAB0" bold="true" box="[1297,1317,1330,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.06 times/pre-TSW hour; Supplemental Fig. B; see Data Accessibility), since the female would typically turn her head away when the male attempted to contact her snout. On very rare occasions, the female bit the male in response to sliding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E112840E236FA2CFD91FA39" blockId="7.[820,1490,1501,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[142,812,1274,1473]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E11284FE236FA2CFB58F9E9" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE236FA2CFB58F9E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Close, foot dance/shuffle, tail arch, undulate tail, mental-gland pop, and mental-gland tap or swipe</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
.—The male typically remained close to the female when he was not mental-gland sliding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE292F9C4FC76F9B4" box="[912,974,1590,1612]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[103,131,793,812]" captionTargetBox="[103,787,167,765]" captionTargetId="figure-538@7.[103,772,178,762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann- Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). While close to the female or during sliding, the male would occasionally foot dance/shuffle, tail arch, and undulate tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE506F983FBF8F97E" box="[1028,1088,1649,1671]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[820,848,796,815]" captionTargetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-708@7.[821,1490,178,765]" captionText="FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). For complete courtships, the male performed sliding and remained close to the female for about 17% and 45% of the pre-TSW phase, respectively (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E11284FE23FF93BFC28F926" box="[829,912,1737,1759]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). For incomplete courtships, the total duration of close per pre-TSW hour was significantly less (Mann-Whitney rank sum test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE512F8F7FB83F8E1" box="[1040,1083,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE52BF8F7FB83F8E1" bold="true" box="[1065,1083,1797,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
22.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE586F8F7FB16F8E1" box="[1156,1198,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE59EF8F7FB16F8E1" bold="true" box="[1180,1198,1797,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
133.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE407F8F7FA95F8E1" box="[1285,1325,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE419F8F7FA95F8E1" bold="true" box="[1307,1325,1797,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.038;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE486F8F6FA7AF8E1" box="[1412,1474,1796,1818]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[103,131,793,812]" captionTargetBox="[103,787,167,765]" captionTargetId="figure-538@7.[103,772,178,762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann- Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). For all courtships, mental-gland popping occurred often (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE23FF8CDFC3BF8AC" box="[829,899,1855,1877]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[820,848,796,815]" captionTargetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-708@7.[821,1490,178,765]" captionText="FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) when the mental gland lost contact with the female’s skin during sliding. The mean time elapsed before the initial mental-gland pop was 33
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E11284FE5C7F888FB61F868" bold="true" box="[1221,1241,1914,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">6</emphasis>
|
||
12 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E11284FE43AF888FACDF877" box="[1336,1397,1914,1936]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). For all courtships, there were significant, positive correlations between the frequency of female undulate tail and both foot dance/shuffle and mental-gland popping (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E11284FE444F820FA2FF81F" box="[1350,1431,2002,2024]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[820,867,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.025, **P, 0.015, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" tableUuid="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). For incomplete courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the duration of close and the frequency of foot dance/shuffle (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E072FAC7FE7BFAB2" box="[368,451,1333,1355]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Mental-gland tap or swipe to the female’s head (but never nares), body, or tail was rare and infrequent (3/10 complete and 2/10 incomplete courtships with mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E052FA7DFEDAFA5B" bold="true" box="[336,354,1423,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.71
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E098FA7CFE16FA5C" bold="true" box="[410,430,1422,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.42 times/pre-TSW hour; Supplemental Fig. B; see Data Accessibility).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" ID-Table-UUID="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" startId="8.[142,189,179,198]" targetBox="[142,1529,511,1217]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" blockId="8.[142,1530,178,492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E18CFF41FEE9FE29" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E1E2840E530FF40FB53FF3E" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1074,1259,178,198]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E530FF40FB53FF3E" bold="true" box="[1074,1259,178,198]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E359FF1AFDD3FF03" bold="true" box="[603,619,232,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1CAFEF1FF60FEEE" bold="true" box="[200,216,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E559FEECFBD3FEC9" bold="true" box="[1115,1131,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E4A2FEECFA08FEC9" bold="true" box="[1440,1456,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E0E7FECAFE4DFEB3" bold="true" box="[485,501,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E274FECAFC3EFEB3" bold="true" box="[886,902,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E417FECAFA9DFEB3" bold="true" box="[1301,1317,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
successful position for TSW. (H) TSW
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E01AFEA1FE90FE9E" bold="true" box="[280,296,339,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
tail-straddling walk. (I) SD
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E32AFEA1FD80FE9E" bold="true" box="[552,568,339,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E28FFEA1FC25FE9E" bold="true" box="[909,925,339,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E434FEA1FAFEFE9E" bold="true" box="[1334,1350,339,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E375FE9CFD3FFE79" bold="true" box="[631,647,366,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E582FE9CFB28FE79" bold="true" box="[1152,1168,366,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E0C4FE7AFE6EFE63" bold="true" box="[454,470,392,411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3):
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1E2840E1DAFE4BFF59FE3F" attach="right" box="[216,225,441,455]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1</superScript>
|
||
r
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1ECFE4CFF46FE29" bold="true" box="[238,254,446,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.952,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E047FE4FFEE9FE29" bold="true" box="[325,337,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E072FE4FFD5EFE29" bold="true" box="[368,742,441,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
0.0001 for Apart and TSW;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1E2840E36EFE4BFDCDFE3F" attach="right" box="[620,629,441,455]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2</superScript>
|
||
r
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E381FE4CFD2BFE29" bold="true" box="[643,659,446,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.770,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E3D8FE4FFD5EFE29" bold="true" box="[730,742,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E207FE4FFB3FFE29" bold="true" box="[773,1159,441,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1E2840E50FFE4BFBAEFE3F" attach="right" box="[1037,1046,441,455]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</superScript>
|
||
r
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E521FE4CFB8BFE29" bold="true" box="[1059,1075,446,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.964,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E579FE4FFB3FFE29" bold="true" box="[1147,1159,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E5A7FE4FFF62FE13" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW;
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1E2840E4D0FE4BFA63FE3F" attach="right" box="[1490,1499,441,455]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4</superScript>
|
||
r
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E4EBFE4CFA41FE29" bold="true" box="[1513,1529,446,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.765,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1CCFE25FF62FE13" bold="true" box="[206,218,471,491]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1E2840E30CFE0DFB05FB39" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<table id="F6DEC42B9E1ED7B7E18CFE0DFA41FB39" box="[142,1529,511,1217]" gridcols="15" gridrows="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFE0DFA41FDEE" box="[142,1529,511,534]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FE0DFCCCFDEE" box="[243,884,511,534]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E30CFE0DFD16FDEE" bold="true" box="[526,686,511,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Pre-TSW phase</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FE0DFA41FDEE" box="[915,1529,511,534]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E29BFE0DFB7BFDEE" bold="true" box="[921,1219,511,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">TSW & sperm-transfer phase</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFDD9FA41FDBF" box="[142,1529,555,583]" gridrow="1" isHeader="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FDD9FE88FDBF" box="[243,304,555,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1F9FDDDFEA4FDBE" bold="true" box="[251,284,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E01FFDD9FE9FFDC2" bold="true" box="[285,295,555,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFDD9FE2BFDBF" box="[328,403,555,583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E05EFDDDFEC6FDBE" bold="true" box="[348,382,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FDD9FE4AFDBF" box="[427,498,555,583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E0B3FDC2FE6BFDBF" bold="true" box="[433,467,560,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E0D1FDD9FE54FDC2" bold="true" box="[467,492,555,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2,3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FDD9FDECFDBF" box="[522,596,555,583]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E313FDDDFD8CFDBE" bold="true" box="[529,564,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E337FDD9FDF6FDC2" bold="true" box="[565,590,555,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2,4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFDD9FD0CFDBF" box="[621,692,555,583]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E382FDDDFD18FDBE" bold="true" box="[640,672,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFDD9FCAEFDBF" box="[716,790,555,583]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E3D7FDDDFD4CFDBE" bold="true" box="[725,756,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(F)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E3F1FDD9FCB4FDC2" bold="true" box="[755,780,555,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3,4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFDD9FCCCFDBF" box="[814,884,555,583]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E23DFDC2FCDBFDBF" bold="true" box="[831,867,560,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(G)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FDD9FC68FDBF" box="[915,976,555,583]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E298FDDDFC06FDBE" bold="true" box="[922,958,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(H)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E2BCFDD9FC70FDC2" bold="true" box="[958,968,555,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FDD9FB9DFDBF" box="[1014,1061,555,583]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E502FDDDFBA2FDBE" bold="true" box="[1024,1050,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FDD9FBCCFDBF" box="[1098,1140,555,583]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E550FDDDFBD5FDBE" bold="true" box="[1106,1133,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(J)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FDD9FB71FDBF" box="[1178,1225,555,583]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E5A3FDDDFB7BFDBE" bold="true" box="[1185,1219,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">(K)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFDD9FA8BFDBF" box="[1256,1331,555,583]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E5EAFDDDFAA4FDBE" bold="true" box="[1256,1308,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Total</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FDD9FA2EFDBF" box="[1355,1430,555,583]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E449FDDDFAC7FDBE" bold="true" box="[1355,1407,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Total</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFDD9FA41FDBF" box="[1454,1529,555,583]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E4ACFDDDFA5AFDBE" bold="true" box="[1454,1506,559,582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Total</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFDB9FA41FD9B" box="[142,1529,587,611]" gridrow="2" isHeader="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFDB9FF75FD9B" box="[142,205,587,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1A2FDB9FF70FD9A" bold="true" box="[160,200,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Pair</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FDB9FE88FD9B" box="[243,304,587,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1F7FDB9FE95FD9A" bold="true" box="[245,301,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Apart</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFDB9FE2BFD9B" box="[328,403,587,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E052FDBEFE32FD9B" bold="true" box="[336,394,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Close</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FDB9FE4AFD9B" box="[427,498,587,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E0A9FDBEFE4AFD9B" bold="true" box="[427,498,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Sliding</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FDB9FDECFD9B" box="[522,596,587,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E308FDBEFDECFD9B" bold="true" box="[522,596,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">ffTSWd</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFDB9FD0CFD9B" box="[621,692,587,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E36FFDBEFD0CFD9B" bold="true" box="[621,692,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">ffTSWc</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFDB9FCAEFD9B" box="[716,790,587,611]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E3CEFDBEFCAEFD9B" bold="true" box="[716,790,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">upTSW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFDB9FCCCFD9B" box="[814,884,587,611]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E22CFDBEFCCCFD9B" bold="true" box="[814,884,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">spTSW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FDB9FC68FD9B" box="[915,976,587,611]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E299FDBEFC71FD9B" bold="true" box="[923,969,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">TSW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FDB9FB9DFD9B" box="[1014,1061,587,611]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E2FCFDBEFBA4FD9B" bold="true" box="[1022,1052,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FDB9FBCCFD9B" box="[1098,1140,587,611]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E548FDBEFBCCFD9B" bold="true" box="[1098,1140,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">LOS</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FDB9FB71FD9B" box="[1178,1225,587,611]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E598FDBEFB71FD9B" bold="true" box="[1178,1225,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">POC</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFDB9FA8BFD9B" box="[1256,1331,587,611]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E5EAFDB9FA91FD9B" bold="true" box="[1256,1321,587,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">B to G</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FDB9FA2EFD9B" box="[1355,1430,587,611]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E449FDB9FA32FD9A" bold="true" box="[1355,1418,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">B to K</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFDB9FA41FD9B" box="[1454,1529,587,611]" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E4ACFDB9FA54FD9A" bold="true" box="[1454,1516,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">A to K</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFD8EFA41FD6B" box="[142,1529,636,659]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFD8EFF75FD6B" box="[142,205,636,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FD8EFE88FD6B" box="[243,304,636,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">29</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFD8EFE2BFD6B" box="[328,403,636,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">152</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FD8EFE4AFD6B" box="[427,498,636,659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FD8EFDECFD6B" box="[522,596,636,659]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFD8EFD0CFD6B" box="[621,692,636,659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFD8EFCAEFD6B" box="[716,790,636,659]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFD8EFCCCFD6B" box="[814,884,636,659]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FD8EFC68FD6B" box="[915,976,636,659]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">31</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FD8EFB9DFD6B" box="[1014,1061,636,659]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FD8EFBCCFD6B" box="[1098,1140,636,659]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FD8EFB71FD6B" box="[1178,1225,636,659]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.5*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFD8EFA8BFD6B" box="[1256,1331,636,659]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">166</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FD8EFA2EFD6B" box="[1355,1430,636,659]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">204.9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFD8EFA41FD6B" box="[1454,1529,636,659]" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">233.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFD68FA41FD49" box="[142,1529,666,689]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFD68FF75FD49" box="[142,205,666,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FD68FE88FD49" box="[243,304,666,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">13</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFD68FE2BFD49" box="[328,403,666,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">122</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FD68FE4AFD49" box="[427,498,666,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FD68FDECFD49" box="[522,596,666,689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">20</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFD68FD0CFD49" box="[621,692,666,689]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFD68FCAEFD49" box="[716,790,666,689]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFD68FCCCFD49" box="[814,884,666,689]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FD68FC68FD49" box="[915,976,666,689]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">22</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FD68FB9DFD49" box="[1014,1061,666,689]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FD68FBCCFD49" box="[1098,1140,666,689]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FD68FB71FD49" box="[1178,1225,666,689]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFD68FA8BFD49" box="[1256,1331,666,689]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">153</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FD68FA2EFD49" box="[1355,1430,666,689]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">183.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFD68FA41FD49" box="[1454,1529,666,689]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">196.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFD45FA41FD36" box="[142,1529,695,718]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-14="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFD45FF75FD36" box="[142,205,695,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FD45FE88FD36" box="[243,304,695,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFD45FE2BFD36" box="[328,403,695,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">69</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FD45FE4AFD36" box="[427,498,695,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">19</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FD45FDECFD36" box="[522,596,695,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFD45FD0CFD36" box="[621,692,695,718]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFD45FCAEFD36" box="[716,790,695,718]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">73</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFD45FCCCFD36" box="[814,884,695,718]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FD45FC68FD36" box="[915,976,695,718]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">23</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FD45FB9DFD36" box="[1014,1061,695,718]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FD45FBCCFD36" box="[1098,1140,695,718]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FD45FB71FD36" box="[1178,1225,695,718]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFD45FA8BFD36" box="[1256,1331,695,718]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">166</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FD45FA2EFD36" box="[1355,1430,695,718]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">197.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFD26FA41FD13" box="[142,1529,724,747]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FD26FE88FD13" box="[243,304,724,747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFD26FE2BFD13" box="[328,403,724,747]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">66</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FD26FE4AFD13" box="[427,498,724,747]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FD26FDECFD13" box="[522,596,724,747]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFD26FD0CFD13" box="[621,692,724,747]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFD26FCAEFD13" box="[716,790,724,747]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">17</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFD26FCCCFD13" box="[814,884,724,747]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FD26FC68FD13" box="[915,976,724,747]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">26</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FD26FB9DFD13" box="[1014,1061,724,747]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FD26FBCCFD13" box="[1098,1140,724,747]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FD26FB71FD13" box="[1178,1225,724,747]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.5*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFD26FA8BFD13" box="[1256,1331,724,747]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">91</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FD26FA2EFD13" box="[1355,1430,724,747]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">126.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFD26FA41FD13" box="[1454,1529,724,747]" gridcol="14" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">334.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFD00FA41FCF1" box="[142,1529,754,777]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFD00FF75FCF1" box="[142,205,754,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FD00FE88FCF1" box="[243,304,754,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">71</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFD00FE2BFCF1" box="[328,403,754,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">24</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FD00FE4AFCF1" box="[427,498,754,777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FD00FDECFCF1" box="[522,596,754,777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFD00FD0CFCF1" box="[621,692,754,777]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFD00FCAEFCF1" box="[716,790,754,777]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFD00FCCCFCF1" box="[814,884,754,777]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FD00FC68FCF1" box="[915,976,754,777]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">42</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FD00FB9DFCF1" box="[1014,1061,754,777]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FD00FBCCFCF1" box="[1098,1140,754,777]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FD00FB71FCF1" box="[1178,1225,754,777]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.5*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFD00FA8BFCF1" box="[1256,1331,754,777]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">39</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FD00FA2EFCF1" box="[1355,1430,754,777]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">88.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFD00FA41FCF1" box="[1454,1529,754,777]" gridcol="14" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">159.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFCFDFA41FCDE" box="[142,1529,783,806]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-11="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFCFDFF75FCDE" box="[142,205,783,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FCFDFE88FCDE" box="[243,304,783,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">172</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFCFDFE2BFCDE" box="[328,403,783,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">45</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FCFDFE4AFCDE" box="[427,498,783,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">35</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FCFDFDECFCDE" box="[522,596,783,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">26</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFCFDFD0CFCDE" box="[621,692,783,806]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">170</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFCFDFCAEFCDE" box="[716,790,783,806]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">35</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFCFDFCCCFCDE" box="[814,884,783,806]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">12</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FCFDFC68FCDE" box="[915,976,783,806]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">223</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FCFDFB9DFCDE" box="[1014,1061,783,806]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FCFDFBCCFCDE" box="[1098,1140,783,806]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFCFDFA8BFCDE" box="[1256,1331,783,806]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">323</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FCFDFA2EFCDE" box="[1355,1430,783,806]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">555.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFCFDFA41FCDE" box="[1454,1529,783,806]" gridcol="14" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">727.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFCDEFA41FCBB" box="[142,1529,812,835]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFCDEFF75FCBB" box="[142,205,812,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FCDEFE88FCBB" box="[243,304,812,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">12</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFCDEFE2BFCBB" box="[328,403,812,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">69</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FCDEFE4AFCBB" box="[427,498,812,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">33</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FCDEFDECFCBB" box="[522,596,812,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFCDEFD0CFCBB" box="[621,692,812,835]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFCDEFCAEFCBB" box="[716,790,812,835]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">17</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFCDEFCCCFCBB" box="[814,884,812,835]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">15</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FCDEFC68FCBB" box="[915,976,812,835]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">20</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FCDEFB9DFCBB" box="[1014,1061,812,835]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FCDEFBCCFCBB" box="[1098,1140,812,835]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FCDEFB71FCBB" box="[1178,1225,812,835]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFCDEFA8BFCBB" box="[1256,1331,812,835]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">140</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FCDEFA2EFCBB" box="[1355,1430,812,835]" gridcol="13" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">169.2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFCDEFA41FCBB" box="[1454,1529,812,835]" gridcol="14" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">181.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFCB8FA41FC99" box="[142,1529,842,865]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFCB8FF75FC99" box="[142,205,842,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FCB8FE88FC99" box="[243,304,842,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFCB8FE2BFC99" box="[328,403,842,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">36</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FCB8FE4AFC99" box="[427,498,842,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">33</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FCB8FDECFC99" box="[522,596,842,865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFCB8FD0CFC99" box="[621,692,842,865]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFCB8FCAEFC99" box="[716,790,842,865]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">42</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFCB8FCCCFC99" box="[814,884,842,865]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FCB8FC68FC99" box="[915,976,842,865]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">26</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FCB8FB9DFC99" box="[1014,1061,842,865]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FCB8FBCCFC99" box="[1098,1140,842,865]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FCB8FB71FC99" box="[1178,1225,842,865]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFCB8FA8BFC99" box="[1256,1331,842,865]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">119</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FCB8FA2EFC99" box="[1355,1430,842,865]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">154</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFCB8FA41FC99" box="[1454,1529,842,865]" gridcol="14" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">162</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC95FA41FC86" box="[142,1529,871,894]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC95FF75FC86" box="[142,205,871,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC95FE88FC86" box="[243,304,871,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">29</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC95FE2BFC86" box="[328,403,871,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">119</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC95FE4AFC86" box="[427,498,871,894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">68</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC95FDECFC86" box="[522,596,871,894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">15</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC95FD0CFC86" box="[621,692,871,894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC95FCAEFC86" box="[716,790,871,894]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">73</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC95FCCCFC86" box="[814,884,871,894]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">10</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC95FC68FC86" box="[915,976,871,894]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">43</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC95FB9DFC86" box="[1014,1061,871,894]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC95FBCCFC86" box="[1098,1140,871,894]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC95FB71FC86" box="[1178,1225,871,894]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC95FA8BFC86" box="[1256,1331,871,894]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">285</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC95FA2EFC86" box="[1355,1430,871,894]" gridcol="13" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">336.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC95FA41FC86" box="[1454,1529,871,894]" gridcol="14" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">365.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC76FA41FC63" box="[142,1529,900,923]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC76FF75FC63" box="[142,205,900,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">9</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC76FE88FC63" box="[243,304,900,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC76FE2BFC63" box="[328,403,900,923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">323</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC76FE4AFC63" box="[427,498,900,923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">48</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC76FDECFC63" box="[522,596,900,923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">32</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC76FD0CFC63" box="[621,692,900,923]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC76FCAEFC63" box="[716,790,900,923]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">88</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC76FCCCFC63" box="[814,884,900,923]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">12</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC76FC68FC63" box="[915,976,900,923]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">32</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC76FB9DFC63" box="[1014,1061,900,923]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC76FBCCFC63" box="[1098,1140,900,923]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC76FB71FC63" box="[1178,1225,900,923]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.9*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC76FA8BFC63" box="[1256,1331,900,923]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">503</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC76FA2EFC63" box="[1355,1430,900,923]" gridcol="13" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">542.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC76FA41FC63" box="[1454,1529,900,923]" gridcol="14" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">550.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC50FA41FC41" box="[142,1529,930,953]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC50FF75FC41" box="[142,205,930,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">10</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC50FE88FC41" box="[243,304,930,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">33</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC50FE2BFC41" box="[328,403,930,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">184</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC50FE4AFC41" box="[427,498,930,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">210</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC50FDECFC41" box="[522,596,930,953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">46</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC50FD0CFC41" box="[621,692,930,953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC50FCAEFC41" box="[716,790,930,953]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">270</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC50FCCCFC41" box="[814,884,930,953]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC50FC68FC41" box="[915,976,930,953]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">30</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC50FB9DFC41" box="[1014,1061,930,953]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC50FBCCFC41" box="[1098,1140,930,953]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC50FB71FC41" box="[1178,1225,930,953]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.6*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC50FA8BFC41" box="[1256,1331,930,953]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">715</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC50FA2EFC41" box="[1355,1430,930,953]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">754</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC50FA41FC41" box="[1454,1529,930,953]" gridcol="14" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">787</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC4DFA41FC2E" box="[142,1529,959,982]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC4DFF75FC2E" box="[142,205,959,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Total</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC4DFE88FC2E" box="[243,304,959,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">386</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC4DFE2BFC2E" box="[328,403,959,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">1209</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC4DFE4AFC2E" box="[427,498,959,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">466</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC4DFDECFC2E" box="[522,596,959,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">158</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC4DFD0CFC2E" box="[621,692,959,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">170</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC4DFCAEFC2E" box="[716,790,959,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">623</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC4DFCCCFC2E" box="[814,884,959,982]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">74</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC4DFC68FC2E" box="[915,976,959,982]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">518</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC4DFB9DFC2E" box="[1014,1061,959,982]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">83</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC4DFBCCFC2E" box="[1098,1140,959,982]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC4DFB71FC2E" box="[1178,1225,959,982]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC4DFA8BFC2E" box="[1256,1331,959,982]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2700</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC4DFA2EFC2E" box="[1355,1430,959,982]" gridcol="13" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3311.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC4DFA41FC2E" box="[1454,1529,959,982]" gridcol="14" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3697.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC2EFA41FC0B" box="[142,1529,988,1011]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC2EFF75FC0B" box="[142,205,988,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Mean</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC2EFE88FC0B" box="[243,304,988,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">35.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC2EFE2BFC0B" box="[328,403,988,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">109.9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC2EFE4AFC0B" box="[427,498,988,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">42.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC2EFDECFC0B" box="[522,596,988,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC2EFD0CFC0B" box="[621,692,988,1011]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">15.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC2EFCAEFC0B" box="[716,790,988,1011]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">56.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC2EFCCCFC0B" box="[814,884,988,1011]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC2EFC68FC0B" box="[915,976,988,1011]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">47.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC2EFB9DFC0B" box="[1014,1061,988,1011]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC2EFBCCFC0B" box="[1098,1140,988,1011]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC2EFB71FC0B" box="[1178,1225,988,1011]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC2EFA8BFC0B" box="[1256,1331,988,1011]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">245.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC2EFA2EFC0B" box="[1355,1430,988,1011]" gridcol="13" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">301.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC2EFA41FC0B" box="[1454,1529,988,1011]" gridcol="14" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">369.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFC0BFA41FBE9" box="[142,1529,1017,1041]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFC0BFF75FBE9" box="[142,205,1017,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">SD</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FC0BFE88FBE9" box="[243,304,1017,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">49.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFC0BFE2BFBE9" box="[328,403,1017,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">86.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FC0BFE4AFBE9" box="[427,498,1017,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">59.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FC0BFDECFBE9" box="[522,596,1017,1041]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">15.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFC0BFD0CFBE9" box="[621,692,1017,1041]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">51.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFC0BFCAEFBE9" box="[716,790,1017,1041]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">77.2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFC0BFCCCFBE9" box="[814,884,1017,1041]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FC0BFC68FBE9" box="[915,976,1017,1041]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">58.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FC0BFB9DFBE9" box="[1014,1061,1017,1041]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FC0BFBCCFBE9" box="[1098,1140,1017,1041]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FC0BFB71FBE9" box="[1178,1225,1017,1041]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E5EAFC0BFA8BFBE9" box="[1256,1331,1017,1041]" gridcol="12" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">202.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E449FC0BFA2EFBE9" box="[1355,1430,1017,1041]" gridcol="13" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">218.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E4ACFC0BFA41FBE9" box="[1454,1529,1017,1041]" gridcol="14" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">237.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFBE5FA41FBD6" box="[142,1529,1047,1070]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFBE5FA41FBD6" box="[142,1529,1047,1070]" colspan="15" colspanRight="14" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">% Total</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFBC6FA41FBB3" box="[142,1529,1076,1099]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFBC6FF75FBB3" box="[142,205,1076,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">B to G</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFBC6FE2BFBB3" box="[328,403,1076,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">44.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FBC6FE4AFBB3" box="[427,498,1076,1099]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">17.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FBC6FDECFBB3" box="[522,596,1076,1099]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFBC6FD0CFBB3" box="[621,692,1076,1099]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFBC6FCAEFBB3" box="[716,790,1076,1099]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">23.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFBC6FCCCFBB3" box="[814,884,1076,1099]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFBA0FA41FB91" box="[142,1529,1106,1129]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFBA0FA41FB91" box="[142,1529,1106,1129]" colspan="15" colspanRight="14" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">% Total</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFB9DFA41FB7E" box="[142,1529,1135,1158]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFB9DFF75FB7E" box="[142,205,1135,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">B to K</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFB9DFE2BFB7E" box="[328,403,1135,1158]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">36.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FB9DFE4AFB7E" box="[427,498,1135,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FB9DFDECFB7E" box="[522,596,1135,1158]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFB9DFD0CFB7E" box="[621,692,1135,1158]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFB9DFCAEFB7E" box="[716,790,1135,1158]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">18.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFB9DFCCCFB7E" box="[814,884,1135,1158]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FB9DFC68FB7E" box="[915,976,1135,1158]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">15.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FB9DFB9DFB7E" box="[1014,1061,1135,1158]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FB9DFBCCFB7E" box="[1098,1140,1135,1158]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FB9DFB71FB7E" box="[1178,1225,1135,1158]" gridcol="11" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFB7EFA41FB5B" box="[142,1529,1164,1187]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFB7EFA41FB5B" box="[142,1529,1164,1187]" colspan="15" colspanRight="14" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">% Total</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1ED7B7E18CFB58FA41FB39" box="[142,1529,1194,1217]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E18CFB58FF75FB39" box="[142,205,1194,1217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">A to K</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E1F1FB58FE88FB39" box="[243,304,1194,1217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E04AFB58FE2BFB39" box="[328,403,1194,1217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">32.7</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E0A9FB58FE4AFB39" box="[427,498,1194,1217]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E308FB58FDECFB39" box="[522,596,1194,1217]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E36FFB58FD0CFB39" box="[621,692,1194,1217]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E3CEFB58FCAEFB39" box="[716,790,1194,1217]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">16.8</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E22CFB58FCCCFB39" box="[814,884,1194,1217]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E291FB58FC68FB39" box="[915,976,1194,1217]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E2F4FB58FB9DFB39" box="[1014,1061,1194,1217]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E548FB58FBCCFB39" box="[1098,1140,1194,1217]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1ED7B7E598FB58FB71FB39" box="[1178,1225,1194,1217]" gridcol="11" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1E2840E18CFA10FD6DF8E6" blockId="8.[142,812,1505,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E18CFA10FCABFA0E" bold="true" box="[142,787,1506,1526]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1E2840E18CFA10FD47FA0E" box="[142,767,1506,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Female tail flex, tail arch, undulate tail, and snout high</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In response to continued mental-gland sliding, the female would eventually perform tail flex, tail arch, and undulate tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E1C0F9CBFEB1F9B6" box="[194,265,1593,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E014F9CBFE9CF9B7" box="[278,292,1593,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[103,131,800,819]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,768]" captionTargetId="figure-437@11.[103,772,178,769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Frequency of some female behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). **, *Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of both turn back and chin over." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749270/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean time elapsed before the initial tail flex was 72
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E1D9F9A5FF57F995" bold="true" box="[219,239,1623,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</emphasis>
|
||
16 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E050F9A5FE29F994" box="[338,401,1623,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). For all courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the duration of sliding and the frequencies of both foot dance/shuffle and female undulate tail (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E080F942FE6AF93D" box="[386,466,1712,1734]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). In all courtships, snout high occurred occasionally during sliding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E34EF93FFD28F91B" box="[588,656,1741,1763]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[103,131,800,819]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,768]" captionTargetId="figure-437@11.[103,772,178,769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Frequency of some female behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). **, *Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of both turn back and chin over." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749270/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean time elapsed before the initial snout high (118
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E35BF919FDD5F8F9" bold="true" box="[601,621,1771,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</emphasis>
|
||
23 min) was similar to that for initial female tail undulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E38BF8FBFD7DF8E6" box="[649,709,1801,1823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1E2840E18CF8B2FB15F880" blockId="8.[142,812,1854,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[859,1529,1274,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E18CF8B2FDA7F8AB" bold="true" box="[142,543,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1E2840E18CF8B2FDBFF8AB" box="[142,519,1855,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Snout under and position for TSW</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
If the female contacted the male either incidentally when she moved or during snout under by the male, then the male reflexively exhibited position for TSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E0AFF864FE4AF854" box="[429,498,1942,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, position for TSW occurred frequently (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E07BF846FE0DF831" box="[377,437,1972,1994]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[820,848,796,815]" captionTargetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-708@7.[821,1490,178,765]" captionText="FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), including early in the courtship (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E195F820FF6EF81F" box="[151,214,2002,2024]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the total duration was more than 10 min per pre-TSW hour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E50AFB08FBFEFAF7" box="[1032,1094,1274,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[103,131,793,812]" captionTargetBox="[103,787,167,765]" captionTargetId="figure-538@7.[103,772,178,762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann- Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and thus accounted for about 23% of the pre-TSW phase for complete courtships (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E456FAE5FA1DFAD4" box="[1364,1445,1303,1325]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, a position for TSW most often did not lead to TSW, and thus the male would typically turn around to continue foot dance/shuffle and sliding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E5D1FA9DFAAFFA7C" box="[1235,1303,1391,1413]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally, the male would move away from the female after an unsuccessful position for TSW but would soon relocate the female and continue sliding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E550FA35FB37FA24" box="[1106,1167,1479,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). For complete courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the total duration of sliding and the total duration of unsuccessful position for TSW (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E525F9EDFBCEF9CC" box="[1063,1142,1567,1589]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). For all courtships, there were significant, positive correlations between the frequency of position for TSW and the frequencies of foot dance/shuffle, female undulate tail, and chin over (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E40EF985FAD8F974" box="[1292,1376,1655,1677]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[820,867,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.025, **P, 0.015, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). For incomplete courtships, there was also a significant, positive correlation between the frequency of snout under and position for TSW (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1E2840E2C9F93DFBA6F91C" box="[971,1054,1743,1765]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[820,867,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.025, **P, 0.015, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" tableUuid="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Snout under occurred in 70% of courtships, and the mean time elapsed before its initial occurrence was 176
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E506F8F8FBA0F8D8" bold="true" box="[1028,1048,1802,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">6</emphasis>
|
||
37 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E586F8F8FB7EF8E7" box="[1156,1222,1802,1824]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The frequency of snout under per pre-TSW hour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1E2840E578F8D5FB0EF8C5" box="[1146,1206,1831,1853]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[820,848,796,815]" captionTargetBox="[816,1513,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-708@7.[821,1490,178,765]" captionText="FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890569/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) was significantly greater for incomplete courtships (Mann-Whitney rank sum test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E259F891FC3CF88F" box="[859,900,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E270F891FC3CF88F" bold="true" box="[882,900,1891,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
13.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E2CAF891FC57F88F" box="[968,1007,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E2DFF891FC57F88F" bold="true" box="[989,1007,1891,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
68.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E531F891FBE1F88F" box="[1075,1113,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E545F891FBE1F88F" bold="true" box="[1095,1113,1891,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1E2841E259F86AFDA0F9D2" blockId="8.[859,1529,1943,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[103,773,1021,2024]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1E2840E259F86AFB70F854" bold="true" box="[859,1224,1944,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1E2840E259F86AFB0CF854" box="[859,1204,1944,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Female-first tail-straddling walk</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In most courtships (19/20), the male would eventually (i.e., when female tail undulation occurred upon mental-gland contact to her tail base) step astride the female’s tail during sliding, and the pair would engage in ffTSWd (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E08FFBE9FE73FBC8" box="[397,459,1051,1073]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean time elapsed before the initial ffTSWd was 143
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E090FBCAFE1EFBB6" bold="true" box="[402,422,1080,1102]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
17 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E305FBCAFDFDFBB6" box="[519,581,1080,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of ffTSWd per pre-TSW hour did not significantly differ between incomplete courtships (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0B5FB87FE71FB71" bold="true" box="[439,457,1141,1161]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1.66
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E300FB86FDAEFB72" bold="true" box="[514,534,1140,1162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.44, median
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3B0FB87FD7CFB71" bold="true" box="[690,708,1141,1161]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1.03, range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E1B3FB60FF7BFB5E" bold="true" box="[177,195,1170,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.17 to 4.07) and complete courtships (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3F0FB60FCBCFB5E" bold="true" box="[754,772,1170,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E194FB5DFF12FB3D" bold="true" box="[150,170,1199,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.26, median
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E03DFB42FEE9FB3C" bold="true" box="[319,337,1200,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.95, range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0D4FB42FE50FB3C" bold="true" box="[470,488,1200,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0 to 2.53; Mann-Whitney rank sum test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E00FFB3CFE8FFB1A" box="[269,311,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E027FB3CFE8FFB1A" bold="true" box="[293,311,1230,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
40.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E07CFB3CFE1FFB1A" box="[382,423,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E097FB3CFE1FFB1A" bold="true" box="[405,423,1230,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
95.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0EFFB3CFDADFB1A" box="[493,533,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E301FB3CFDADFB1A" bold="true" box="[515,533,1230,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.473). However, the duration (min) of each ffTSWd during incomplete courtships (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E1B4FAFBFF70FAE5" bold="true" box="[182,200,1289,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
6.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E002FAFBFEACFAE7" bold="true" box="[256,276,1289,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.59, median
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0ACFAFBFE78FAE5" bold="true" box="[430,448,1289,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
4.16, range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E34FFAFBFDE7FAE5" bold="true" box="[589,607,1289,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.47 to 41.63) was significantly greater than during complete courtships (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E1B5FAB7FF71FAA1" bold="true" box="[183,201,1349,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
2.91
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E001FAB6FEAFFAA2" bold="true" box="[259,279,1348,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.32, median
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0B6FAB7FE7EFAA1" bold="true" box="[436,454,1349,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
2.24, range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E35AFAB7FDD2FAA1" bold="true" box="[600,618,1349,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.5 to 10.25; Mann-Whitney rank sum test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0C3FA91FE54FA8F" box="[449,492,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0D8FA91FE54FA8F" bold="true" box="[474,492,1379,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2005.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E34CFA91FDC0FA8F" box="[590,632,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E364FA91FDC0FA8F" bold="true" box="[614,632,1379,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3495.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3D9FA91FD51FA80" box="[731,745,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">P</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001). Thus, the total duration of ffTSWd per pre-TSW hour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E16DFA6FFF08FA4B" box="[111,176,1437,1459]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[103,131,793,812]" captionTargetBox="[103,787,167,765]" captionTargetId="figure-538@7.[103,772,178,762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann- Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749266/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) was significantly greater for incomplete courtships (Mann-Whitney rank sum test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0D8FA4EFDB1FA28" box="[474,521,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0F5FA4EFDB1FA28" bold="true" box="[503,521,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
15.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E358FA4EFD30FA28" box="[602,648,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E374FA4EFD30FA28" bold="true" box="[630,648,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
70.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3DAFA4EFCBCFA28" box="[728,772,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3F0FA4EFCBCFA28" bold="true" box="[754,772,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.009). For ten randomly selected ffTSWd in ten courtships (five complete, five incomplete), mean walking speed was 10.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E194F9E6FF12F9D2" bold="true" box="[150,170,1556,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="43269B6E9E1F2841E1A8F9E7FF4DF9D2" box="[170,245,1556,1578]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
/min (range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E079F9E7FE35F9D1" bold="true" box="[379,397,1557,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
5.6 to 13.6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" ID-Table-UUID="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" startId="9.[820,867,179,198]" targetBox="[820,1490,511,865]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" blockId="9.[820,1491,178,492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E236FF41FAD6FE29" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E1F2841E516FEF0FB73FEEE" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[1044,1227,258,278]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E516FEF0FB73FEEE" bold="true" box="[1044,1227,258,278]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E491FEA1FA1BFE9E" bold="true" box="[1427,1443,339,358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
foot dance and foot shuffle. MG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E53CFE9CFBF6FE79" bold="true" box="[1086,1102,366,385]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental gland. See text for description of behaviors.
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1F2841E29EFE71FC1EFE69" attach="right" box="[924,934,387,401]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">C</superScript>
|
||
Coefficient for complete courtships,
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1F2841E400FE71FABEFE69" attach="right" box="[1282,1286,387,401]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">I</superScript>
|
||
coefficient for incomplete courtships,
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1F2841E2D8FE6CFC5CFE54" attach="right" box="[986,996,414,428]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A</superScript>
|
||
coefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E460FE4FFAD6FE29" bold="true" box="[1378,1390,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E49AFE4FFCEBFE13" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
0.025, **
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E245FE25FCEBFE13" bold="true" box="[839,851,471,491]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E272FE2AFC6FFE13" bold="true" box="[880,983,471,492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
0.015, ***
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E2C9FE25FC6FFE13" bold="true" box="[971,983,471,491]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E51AFE0DFA6AFC99" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<table id="F6DEC42B9E1FD7B7E236FE0DFA6AFC99" box="[820,1490,511,865]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FE0DFA6AFDEE" box="[820,1490,511,534]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E2F5FE0DFB6FFDEE" box="[1015,1239,511,534]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E51AFE0DFB16FDEE" bold="true" box="[1048,1198,511,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Male behavior</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E5EEFE0DFA6AFDEE" box="[1260,1490,511,534]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E407FE0DFA0CFDEE" bold="true" box="[1285,1460,511,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Female behavior</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FDDDFA6AFDD7" box="[820,1490,559,559]" gridrow="1" isHeader="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E2F5FDDDFBEBFD9B" box="[1015,1107,559,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E500FDDDFBF0FDBE" bold="true" box="[1026,1096,559,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Mouth</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E50AFDB9FBF9FD9A" bold="true" box="[1032,1089,587,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">grasp</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E569FDDDFB6FFD9B" box="[1131,1239,559,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E574FDDDFB74FDBE" bold="true" box="[1142,1228,559,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Position</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E57AFDB9FB72FD9B" bold="true" box="[1144,1226,587,611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">for TSW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E5EEFDDDFAF7FD9B" box="[1260,1359,559,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E5EFFDDDFAF6FDBE" bold="true" box="[1261,1358,559,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Undulate</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E40CFDB9FA96FD9A" bold="true" box="[1294,1326,587,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">tail</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E466FDDDFA6AFD9B" box="[1380,1490,559,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E481FDDDFA0BFDBE" bold="true" box="[1411,1459,559,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Turn</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E480FDB9FA0BFD9A" bold="true" box="[1410,1459,587,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">back</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FD8EFA6AFD6B" box="[820,1490,636,659]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FD8EFC62FD6B" box="[820,986,636,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Male behavior</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FD67FA6AFD49" box="[820,1490,661,689]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FD67FC62FD49" box="[820,986,661,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Dance/shuffle</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E569FD67FB6FFD49" box="[1131,1239,661,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.773***</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E5EEFD67FAF7FD49" box="[1260,1359,661,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.660**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FD41FA6AFD36" box="[820,1490,691,718]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FD41FC62FD36" box="[820,986,691,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Snout under</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E569FD41FB6FFD36" box="[1131,1239,691,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">I 0.824**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FD22FA6AFD13" box="[820,1490,720,747]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FD22FC62FD13" box="[820,986,720,747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">MG popping</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E5EEFD22FAF7FD13" box="[1260,1359,720,747]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.548**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FD00FA6AFCF1" box="[820,1490,754,777]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FD00FC62FCF1" box="[820,986,754,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Female behavior</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FCF9FA6AFCDE" box="[820,1490,779,806]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FCF9FC62FCDE" box="[820,986,779,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Tail flex</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E2F5FCF9FBEBFCDE" box="[1015,1107,779,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">I 0.801**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FCDAFA6AFCBB" box="[820,1490,808,835]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FCDAFC62FCBB" box="[820,986,808,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Undulate tail</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E569FCDAFB6FFCBB" box="[1131,1239,808,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.507*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E466FCDAFA6AFCBB" box="[1380,1490,808,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">C 0.762**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1FD7B7E236FCB7FA6AFC99" box="[820,1490,837,865]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E236FCB7FC62FC99" box="[820,986,837,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Chin over</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E569FCB7FB6FFC99" box="[1131,1239,837,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.566**</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E5EEFCB7FAF7FC99" box="[1260,1359,837,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">C 0.793**</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1FD7B7E466FCB7FA6AFC99" box="[1380,1490,837,865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">A 0.912***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E1F2841E165FD18FE7DFC2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" startId="9.[103,131,746,765]" targetBox="[104,771,179,714]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E165FD18FE7DFC2A" blockId="9.[103,774,745,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E1F2841E088FCF1FDFFFCEF" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[394,583,771,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E088FCF1FDFFFCEF" bold="true" box="[394,583,771,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E17DF9C0FDDDF8AB" blockId="9.[103,773,1021,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
For all courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the frequency of snout under and the duration of ffTSWd (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E1E4F99FFE8DF97A" box="[230,309,1645,1667]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). For complete courtships, there were significant, positive correlations between the total duration of ffTSWd and the total duration of sliding and unsuccessful position for TSW (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E03EF934FE36F924" box="[316,398,1734,1756]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). For complete courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the frequency of mental-gland swipe and the duration of ffTSWd (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E172F8D2FF7EF8CD" box="[112,198,1824,1846]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). In some courtships, the pair would transition from ffTSWd to ffTSWc and vice versa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E318F8CFFDEEF8AB" box="[538,598,1853,1875]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E17DF8A9FBD1FB86" blockId="9.[103,773,1021,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[820,1490,922,1593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Mean time elapsed before the initial ffTSWc was 215
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3D7F8A9FD51F889" bold="true" box="[725,745,1883,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
46 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E1A7F88AFF5AF876" box="[165,226,1912,1934]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forty-one ffTSWc occurred in seven courtships with a mean duration of 23.89
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E0CAF864FE64F854" bold="true" box="[456,476,1942,1964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
7.16 min (median
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E3B0F865FD7CF853" bold="true" box="[690,708,1943,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
4.57, range 0.65 to 225.43). Mean total duration for ffTSWc was 16.8
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E195F820FF13F810" bold="true" box="[151,171,2002,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
5.8 min per pre-TSW hour. For seven randomly selected ffTSWc from seven courtships, mean walking speed was 10.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E29BFC45FC15FC35" bold="true" box="[921,941,951,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="43269B6E9E1F2841E2AEFC45FC45FC35" box="[940,1021,951,973]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
/min (range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E592FC4AFB1AFC34" bold="true" box="[1168,1186,952,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
7.1 to 11.7). There was a trend for pairs to engage in ffTSWc more often during incomplete (6/10) than complete courtships (1/10; Fisher’s exact test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E2A9FBE2FC69FBDD" box="[939,977,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E2BDFBE3FC69FBDD" bold="true" box="[959,977,1041,1061]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.057). For incomplete courtships, there were significant, negative correlations between the duration of ffTSWc and the frequencies of foot dance/shuffle and mental-gland popping (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E509FB9AFBE2FB86" box="[1035,1114,1128,1150]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E24FFB74FC7BF9C0" blockId="9.[820,1490,922,1593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
The female occasionally exhibited snout high during ffTSWd (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E298FB51FC62FB40" box="[922,986,1187,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rarely, the female bit the male after turn back during ffTSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E51AFB33FBEEFB2E" box="[1048,1110,1217,1239]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In many courtships, the female would turn back during ffTSWd or ffTSWc and exhibit raise chin and chin over (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E51EFB0EFBDBFAE9" box="[1052,1123,1276,1298]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E573FB0EFBC7FAEA" box="[1137,1151,1276,1298]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[103,131,800,819]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,768]" captionTargetId="figure-437@11.[103,772,178,769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Frequency of some female behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). **, *Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of both turn back and chin over." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749270/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). For all courtships, there was a significant, positive correlation between the frequencies of turn back and chin over (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E58AFAC5FB64FAB4" box="[1160,1244,1335,1357]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[820,867,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.025, **P, 0.015, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Mean time elapsed before the initial chin over was 219
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E5D6FAA6FB50FA92" bold="true" box="[1236,1256,1364,1386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
34 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E44CFAA6FA36FA92" box="[1358,1422,1364,1386]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The frequencies of turn back and chin over per pre-TSW hour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E23FFA7DFCC6FA5D" box="[829,894,1423,1445]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[103,131,800,819]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,768]" captionTargetId="figure-437@11.[103,772,178,769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Frequency of some female behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). **, *Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of both turn back and chin over." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749270/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) were significantly greater for complete courtships (Mann-Whitney rank sum tests:
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E5AEFA5CFB60FA3A" box="[1196,1240,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E5C4FA5CFB60FA3A" bold="true" box="[1222,1240,1454,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
17.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E421FA5CFAF7FA3A" box="[1315,1359,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E43FFA5CFAF7FA3A" bold="true" box="[1341,1359,1454,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
138.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E4AAFA5CFA69FA3A" box="[1448,1489,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E4BDFA5CFA69FA3A" bold="true" box="[1471,1489,1454,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.014 for turn back;
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E51BFA39FBFBFA27" box="[1049,1091,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
U
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E533FA39FBFBFA27" bold="true" box="[1073,1091,1483,1503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
20.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E58BFA39FB0AFA27" box="[1161,1202,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
T
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E5A2FA39FB0AFA27" bold="true" box="[1184,1202,1483,1503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
135.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E407FA39FA94FA27" box="[1285,1324,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
P
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E418FA39FA94FA27" bold="true" box="[1306,1324,1483,1503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.025 for chin over). For all courtships, if the female contacted the male during chin over, then the male often exhibited position for TSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E275F9D1FC0BF9C0" box="[887,947,1571,1593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2841E236F9ABFA20F86D" blockId="9.[820,1490,1624,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E236F9ABFC67F995" bold="true" box="[820,991,1625,1645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1F2841E236F9ABFC74F995" box="[820,972,1625,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Mouth grasp</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mouth grasping occurred infrequently during four complete and two incomplete courtships (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E4BDF984FA69F972" bold="true" box="[1471,1489,1654,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.98
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E267F961FCC1F951" bold="true" box="[869,889,1683,1705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.35 times per pre-TSW hour; Supplemental Fig. B; see Data Accessibility) and always occurred at least 200 min after the courtship began (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1F2841E576F93CFB0FF91B" box="[1140,1207,1742,1764]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). For incomplete courtships, there were significant, positive correlations between the duration of time apart and the frequencies of mouth grasp and female tail flex (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E55AF8D5FB1FF8C4" box="[1112,1191,1831,1853]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre- TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration ¼ minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency ¼ occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.02, **P, 0.01, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) and a significant, positive correlation between the frequencies of mouth grasp and female tail flex per pre-TSW hour (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1F2841E5DFF890FA8BF88F" box="[1245,1331,1890,1912]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[820,867,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the frequency of some male and female behaviors (i.e., occurrences per hour for each pair) during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Dance/shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. CCoefficient for complete courtships, Icoefficient for incomplete courtships, Acoefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *P, 0.025, **P, 0.015, ***P, 0.001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="D0A166039E1F2841E236FF41FB88FE14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The female sometimes bit the male in response to mouth grasping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1F2842E236F847FF76FAFB" blockId="9.[820,1490,1972,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[142,812,844,1283]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1F2841E236F847FB02F831" bold="true" box="[820,1210,1973,1993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1F2841E236F847FB1AF831" box="[820,1186,1973,1993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Initiation and duration of the TSW</heading>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
If the female did not step astride (i.e., tail straddle) the male’s tail during position for TSW, then courtship did not proceed to a TSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1C2842E3BEFCBEFD43FC9A" box="[700,763,844,866]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW (i.e., male snout under never preceded the first TSW). However, for the courtship with two TSW, snout under preceded the second TSW. Mean time elapsed before the initiation of TSW was 290
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E1B5FC0DFF73FBED" bold="true" box="[183,203,1023,1045]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
66 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1C2842E03AFC0DFEC3FBEC" box="[312,379,1023,1045]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The duration of most TSW (8/11) ranged from 20 to 32 min (max.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0FEFBECFDB6FBCA" bold="true" box="[508,526,1054,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
223,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E349FBEFFD23FBCA" box="[587,667,1053,1075]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). There were significant, positive correlations between the duration of TSW and the total time apart and the total duration for ffTSW (i.e., both discontinuous and continuous forms combined;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1C2842E1E1FB67FE90FB52" box="[227,296,1172,1195]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[820,848,1149,1168]" captionTargetBox="[822,1489,179,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-546@11.[821,1490,178,1118]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Total duration (min) of some behaviors and periods during complete courtships in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions, but this figure only includes data from the first spermatophore deposition. A ¼ Courtship duration from initial close encounter between salamanders until the retrieval or attempted retrieval of the first spermatophore cap. B ¼ Total of all periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. D ¼ Total duration for female-first TSW, which includes both discontinuous and continuous forms of the duet behavior. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients: r ¼ 0.882, P, 0.001 for B and D; r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for B and F; r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for C and E; r ¼ 0.961, P, 0.00001 for D and F. See Table 2 for additional data on the duration of other behaviors and periods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749272/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean distance traveled during TSW was 3.93
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E1BCFB40FF6AFB30" bold="true" box="[190,210,1202,1224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="43269B6E9E1C2842E1D0FB40FE9AFB30" box="[210,290,1202,1224]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="0.65">0.65 m</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E07AFB41FE32FB3F" bold="true" box="[376,394,1203,1223]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1.86 to 9.69,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E32BFB41FDE9FB3F" box="[553,593,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
n
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E33DFB41FDE9FB3F" bold="true" box="[575,593,1203,1223]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
11). Mean walking speed during TSW was 12.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0D3FB22FE5DFB1E" bold="true" box="[465,485,1232,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="43269B6E9E1C2842E0E7FB22FD8DFB1E" box="[485,565,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="cm" value="1.9">1.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
/min (range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E3CBFB23FD63FB1D" bold="true" box="[713,731,1233,1253]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1.0 to 23.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" ID-Table-UUID="D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" startId="10.[142,189,179,198]" targetBox="[142,1529,404,787]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1C2842E18CFF41FE51FE79" blockId="10.[142,1530,178,385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E18CFF41FF1BFE79" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Table 4. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients between the duration and frequency of some behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43DE4D089E1C2842E332FF3FFD52FF18" authority="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988" baseAuthorityName="Wynn, Highton & Jacobs" box="[560,746,204,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petraeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E332FF3FFD52FF18" bold="true" box="[560,746,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Plethodon petraeuS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Duration
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E4EBFF1AFA41FF03" bold="true" box="[1513,1529,232,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
minutes per pre-TSW hour. Frequency
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E302FEF1FDA8FEEE" bold="true" box="[512,528,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
occurrences per pre-TSW hour. Apart
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E27CFEF1FC36FEEE" bold="true" box="[894,910,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. Close
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0CCFEECFE66FEC9" bold="true" box="[462,478,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland. Dance/shuffle
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E05BFECAFED1FEB3" bold="true" box="[345,361,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
foot dance and foot shuffle. MG
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E3A0FECAFD0AFEB3" bold="true" box="[674,690,312,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
mental gland. See text for description of behaviors.
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1C2842E59DFEC1FB11FEB9" attach="right" box="[1183,1193,307,321]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">C</superScript>
|
||
Coefficient for complete courtships,
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1C2842E18CFEBCFF2AFEA4" attach="right" box="[142,146,334,348]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I</superScript>
|
||
coefficient for incomplete courtships,
|
||
<superScript id="73AB9BC39E1C2842E0F9FEBCFDBDFEA4" attach="right" box="[507,517,334,348]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A</superScript>
|
||
coefficient for all courtships when both incomplete and complete courtships had very similar correlations. *
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E195FE9FFF1BFE79" bold="true" box="[151,163,365,385]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E1C3FE9FFEADFE79" bold="true" box="[193,277,365,385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
0.02, **
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E00BFE9FFEADFE79" bold="true" box="[265,277,365,385]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E030FE9FFE37FE79" bold="true" box="[306,399,365,385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
0.01, ***
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E081FE9FFE37FE79" bold="true" box="[387,399,365,385]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.001.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1C2842E232FE66FC77FCEB" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<table id="F6DEC42B9E1CD7B7E18CFE66FA41FCEB" box="[142,1529,404,787]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFE66FA41FE53" box="[142,1529,404,427]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFE66FA41FE53" box="[142,1529,404,427]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E232FE66FBC9FE53" bold="true" box="[816,1137,404,427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Duration of period or behavior</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFE37FA41FE24" box="[142,1529,453,476]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E0ABFE37FDA6FE24" box="[425,542,453,476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0C5FE37FE47FE24" bold="true" box="[455,511,453,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Apart</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E384FE37FD43FE24" box="[646,763,453,476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E3A1FE37FD65FE24" bold="true" box="[675,733,453,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Close</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E261FE37FC77FE24" box="[867,975,453,476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E285FE37FC14FE24" bold="true" box="[903,940,453,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">MG</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E53AFE37FB5CFE00" box="[1080,1252,453,504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E53DFE37FB66FE24" bold="true" box="[1087,1246,453,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Discontinuous,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E53AFE12FB5CFE00" bold="true" box="[1080,1252,480,504]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">female-first TSW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E44FFE37FA41FE00" box="[1357,1529,453,504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E461FE37FA5CFE24" bold="true" box="[1379,1508,453,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Continuous,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E44FFE12FA41FE00" bold="true" box="[1357,1529,480,504]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">female-first TSW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFE12FA41FE00" box="[142,1529,480,504]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E0ABFE12FDA6FE00" box="[425,542,480,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0ABFE12FE0AFE0F" bold="true" box="[425,434,480,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">(</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E0CEFE12FDA6FE0F" bold="true" box="[460,542,480,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">2.5 cm)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E384FE12FD43FE00" box="[646,763,480,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E384FE12FD43FE0F" bold="true" box="[646,763,480,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">(2.5 cm)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E261FE12FC77FE00" box="[867,975,480,504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E275FE12FC04FE0F" bold="true" box="[887,956,480,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">sliding</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFDE0FA41FDD1" box="[142,1529,530,553]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFDE0FEF8FDD1" box="[142,320,530,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Male frequency</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFDD9FA41FDBE" box="[142,1529,555,582]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFDD9FEF8FDBE" box="[142,320,555,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Dance/shuffle</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E384FDD9FD43FDBE" box="[646,763,555,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I 0.922***</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E261FDD9FC77FDBE" box="[867,975,555,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A 0.528*</td>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E44FFDD9FA41FDBE" box="[1357,1529,555,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I 0.734*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFDBAFA41FD9B" box="[142,1529,584,611]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFDBAFEF8FD9B" box="[142,320,584,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">MG popping</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E44FFDBAFA41FD9B" box="[1357,1529,584,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I 0.748*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD97FA41FD79" box="[142,1529,613,641]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD97FEF8FD79" box="[142,320,613,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">MG swipe</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E53AFD97FB5CFD79" box="[1080,1252,613,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">C 0.704*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD71FA41FD66" box="[142,1529,643,670]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD71FEF8FD66" box="[142,320,643,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Mouth grasp</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E0ABFD71FDA6FD66" box="[425,542,643,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I 0.856**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD52FA41FD43" box="[142,1529,672,699]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD52FEF8FD43" box="[142,320,672,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Snout under</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E53AFD52FB5CFD43" box="[1080,1252,672,699]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A 0.595**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD30FA41FD21" box="[142,1529,706,729]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD30FEF8FD21" box="[142,320,706,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Female frequency</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD29FA41FD0E" box="[142,1529,731,758]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD29FEF8FD0E" box="[142,320,731,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Tail flex</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E0ABFD29FDA6FD0E" box="[425,542,731,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">I 0.806**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AEE34C99E1CD7B7E18CFD0AFA41FCEB" box="[142,1529,760,787]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E18CFD0AFEF8FCEB" box="[142,320,760,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Undulate tail</th>
|
||
<td id="793F5DB59E1CD7B7E261FD0AFC77FCEB" box="[867,975,760,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A 0.751***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1C2842E18CFAD6FE9FF888" blockId="10.[142,812,1316,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<heading id="DF2981E79E1C2842E18CFAD6FED6FAAF" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E18CFAD6FED6FAAF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Spermatophore deposition, sperm transfer, and the duration of complete courtships</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
.—Mean time elapsed before the start of the first spermatophore deposition was 346
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E38AFA92FD24FA8E" bold="true" box="[648,668,1376,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
75 min (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1C2842E201FA92FF24FA6B" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[103,131,746,765]" captionTargetBox="[104,771,179,714]" captionTargetId="figure-718@9.[103,772,178,715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749268/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean time for deposition was 7.5 min (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E377FA8CFD7DFA6B" box="[629,709,1406,1428]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). During deposition, the mean frequency of male tail undulations increased from 0.47
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E068FA4BFEC6FA37" bold="true" box="[362,382,1465,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.28 Hz at the beginning to 0.84
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E3E5FA4BFD43FA37" bold="true" box="[743,763,1465,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.28 Hz at the end (range
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E07AFA2AFE32FA14" bold="true" box="[376,394,1496,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.31 to 0.61 and 0.67 to 0.95, respectively). Mean time for lead female over spermatophore was 0.4 min (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E1F5F9E1FEF0F9D0" box="[247,328,1555,1577]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Mean time for female position on sperm cap (including successful and unsuccessful cap-retrieval attempts) was 0.6 min (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E090F9BCFE59F99C" box="[402,481,1614,1636]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Females retrieved the sperm cap from 55% (6/11) of spermatophores with a success rate of 60% per courtship (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E093F978FE5BF967" box="[401,483,1674,1696]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In 80% of complete courtships, the male turned around and then bit or aggressively chased (e.g., repeatedly lunged and snapped at) the female either immediately after (4/10 courtships) or within 2 min after (4/10 courtships) position on sperm cap by the female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CE52A0E9E1C2842E195F8EDFF6CF8CC" box="[151,212,1823,1845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[859,887,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[862,1526,181,1129]" captionTargetId="graphics-677@6.[862,1526,244,1129]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749264/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). For the 11 spermatophores, the male eventually ate the gelatinous base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E077F8CCFE25F8AA" box="[373,413,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
n
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E089F8CCFE25F8AA" bold="true" box="[395,413,1854,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2), cap (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E302F8CCFD9FF8AA" box="[512,551,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
n
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E317F8CCFD9FF8AA" bold="true" box="[533,551,1854,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1), or entire spermatophore (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E1DCF8AEFEBCF888" box="[222,260,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
n
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E1F0F8AEFEBCF888" bold="true" box="[242,260,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8461368B9E1C2842E1A4F88AFAC7FC43" blockId="10.[142,812,1316,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[859,1529,844,956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
The total duration of complete courtships from the first encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of a sperm cap ranged from 160 to 787 min (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E21BF847FC93F831" bold="true" box="[793,811,1973,1993]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
370,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E1CEF820FE9BF81F" box="[204,291,2002,2024]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Duration of the pre-TSW phase for these courtships ranged from 39 to 715 min (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E44CFCBFFAD8FC99" bold="true" box="[1358,1376,845,865]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
|
||
245,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E49EFCBEFA52FC9A" box="[1436,1514,844,866]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Excluding periods when salamanders were apart after their initial encounter, total duration of courtship and mating ranged from 89 to 754 min (mean
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<emphasis id="B6AAEA999E1C2842E5D6FC55FB5EFC43" bold="true" box="[1236,1254,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">¼</emphasis>
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301,
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<tableCitation id="C95C03309E1C2842E423FC54FAD7FC43" box="[1313,1391,934,956]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[142,189,179,198]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Duration (min) of behaviors and phases during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions. (A) Apart ¼ periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. (B) Close ¼ periods when salamanders were within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, undulate tail, mental-gland tap/swipe, nudge, and snout under). (C) Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding. (D) ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. (E) ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. (F) upTSW ¼ unsuccessful position for TSW. (G) spTSW ¼ successful position for TSW. (H) TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk. (I) SD ¼ spermatophore deposition. (J) LOS ¼ lead female over spermatophore. (K) POC ¼ position on sperm cap. *Successful retrieval of sperm cap. Total B to G ¼ duration of pre-TSW phase of courtship. Total B to K ¼ total duration of pre-TSW phase, TSW, and sperm transfer. Total A to K ¼ total duration of courtship from the initial encounter between salamanders until the final attempted retrieval of sperm cap. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients (which do not include durations for behaviors from the second courtship sequence for pair 3): 1r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for Apart and TSW; 2r ¼ 0.770, P, 0.01 for Sliding and ffTSWd; 3r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for Sliding and upTSW; 4r ¼ 0.765, P, 0.01 for ffTSWd and upTSW." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="D0A166039E1E2840E18CFF41FE41FE14">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |