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<document id="1B7871FC3F3FECB4C13BB1E92C8E5CB6" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2020.59-19" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC7688397" ID-PubMed="33262843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12822130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721921729937" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hirose, Euichi &amp; Nozawa, Yoko" docDate="2020" docId="13473026FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FA0984A2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.59.19.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 59 (19)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822057" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lissoclinum bistratum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="EF7E485EFFCE612EA52DEF38FF8C8617" masterDocTitle="Fig. 6 in Bruggmanniella sanlianensis Lin, Yang &amp; Tokuda, 2020, sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1721923056177" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1B8BE61F209143F0A304AEF896DC005A">Fig. 6 in Bruggmanniella sanlianensis Lin, Yang &amp; Tokuda, 2020, sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9AA399FF19C68E4EA5991B254C4A087">Hirose, Euichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="21BCD48849A0A5D7F4F6E85BE8F0858B">Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan. * Correspondence: E-mail: euichi @ sci. u-ryukyu. ac. jp (Hirose)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF903864597305237C6379B240052F8A">Nozawa, Yoko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="088F1A35604D055F0933FEB102659D76">Biodiversity Research Center, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. E-mail: nozaway @ gate. sinica. edu. tw (Nozawa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8F00398E1E1B89D6D1ED71AB9E87A449">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7D7B5AABB50D42E3BCF2E1A3F5E3205E">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="13473026FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FA0984A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12822193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:13473026FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FA0984A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/13473026FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FA0984A2" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="D3F4D2BBFFCD612DA5E1EAF9FE938038" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FD1283CD" blockId="3.[204,670,1473,1499]" box="[204,670,1473,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="C019365CFFCD612DA5E1EAF9FD1283CD" bold="true" box="[204,670,1473,1499]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FD1283CD" ID-CoL="3VF4L" authority="(Sluiter, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[204,670,1473,1499]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FD1283CD" bold="true" box="[204,670,1473,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA5E1EAF9FE6483CD" bold="true" box="[204,488,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lissoclinum bistratum</emphasis>
(Sluiter, 1905)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCD612DA5A5E939FE938038" blockId="3.[136,736,1537,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimens: NMNS-8141-007 (Maobitou), -008 (Gongzibi), -009 (Jialeshuei).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3F4D2BBFFCD612DA5E8E96FFA0984A2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCD612DA5E8E96FFF3B8118" blockId="3.[136,739,1623,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Colonies were flat, irregularly shaped sheets and usually green due to the
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA4B2E94FFD968098" authorityName="R.A.Lewin" authorityYear="1977" box="[415,538,1655,1679]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Prochloraceae" genus="Prochloron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Chroococcales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA4B2E94FFD968098" box="[415,538,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prochloron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributed in the common cloacal cavities (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFCD612DA48CE9AFFE7480B8" box="[417,504,1687,1711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The peripheries and the substratum side of the colony sheets were white due to globular spicules densely distributed in the tunic (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFCD612DA79BE9EFFF268118" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCD612DA5E8E82FFA0984A2" blockId="3.[136,739,1623,1967]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1415,253,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The present species shares many morphological features with
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA407E80FFD578158" authority="(Sluiter 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[298,731,1847,1871]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA407E80FFDA18158" box="[298,557,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lissoclinum timorense</emphasis>
(Sluiter 1909)
</taxonomicName>
, and the absence of the stellate spicules distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA7E0E860FF628198" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA7E0E860FF628198" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bistratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA41EE840FDC68198" authority="(Kott, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[307,586,1911,1935]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA41EE840FE358198" box="[307,441,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFCD612DA4E4E84FFDCF8198" author="Kott P." box="[457,579,1911,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref7242" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Mem Queensl Mus 47: 1 - 408." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFCD612DA77BE84FFEB581B8" author="Monniot F &amp; Monniot C." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="201 - 383" refId="ref7510" refString="Monniot F, Monniot C. 2001. Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema 23: 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot and Monniot (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, however, considered the variability in the spicule composition to be intraspecific and proposed that
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA671EE26FC6E8722" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[860,994,286,309]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA671EE26FC6E8722" box="[860,994,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be assigned as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA05CEE26FC198742" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA05CEE26FC198742" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bistratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because there were no stellate spicules, the present specimens were identified as
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA192EE66FCF28782" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA192EE66FACE8762" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1215,1346,349,373]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">L. bistratum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2A9E059FFCD612DA067EE66FCF68782" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</emphasis>
There were no records of
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA19AEE46FAC98782" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1207,1349,382,405]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA19AEE46FAC98782" box="[1207,1349,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E3F9C1A0FFCD612DA600EEA5FCF187A2" box="[813,893,413,437]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, although this species is widely distributed in the tropical west Pacific from the Ryukyu Archipelago to GBR. The coral reefs in the Ryukyus are usually barrier reefs, and
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA6B0EEC6FBAC8402" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[925,1056,509,533]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA6B0EEC6FBAC8402" box="[925,1056,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bistratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA178EEC6FB568402" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1109,1242,510,533]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA178EEC6FB568402" box="[1109,1242,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often found at the same site;
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA6C4ED26FBE38422" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1001,1135,541,565]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bistratum">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA6C4ED26FBE38422" box="[1001,1135,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bistratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the reef flat and reef edge, while
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA6F2ED06FBEF8442" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[991,1123,574,597]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA6F2ED06FBEF8442" box="[991,1123,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the back reef. The reefs in
<collectingCountry id="E3F9C1A0FFCD612DA6A8ED65FC5F8462" box="[901,979,605,629]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
are mainly fringing reefs and lack back reefs, and the difference in reef structure is probably why
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCD612DA64CEDA6FC6984A2" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[865,997,670,693]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorense">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCD612DA64CEDA6FC6984A2" box="[865,997,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. timorense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="E3F9C1A0FFCD612DA002EDA5FA0D84A2" box="[1327,1409,669,693]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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