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<document id="C19A626A9E922F5785590836357DBA93" ID-CLB-Dataset="157781" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e2cc009-d580-4904-a0b7-9ed7a9e3ab9e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138639" ID-ZooBank="236A609B-8A6A-47D7-9BB9-E2FDCA5C37E5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664794801684" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kuwahara, Gregory K. &amp; Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2022" docId="0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5192.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5192 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Howickia sabina Kuwahara &amp; Marshall 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="F368E30CFFD9AD3DFFBB9376FFA9FFFB" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1699386905592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2C2C845039633DC9E9FBC05E53A6CC41" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="4AC25D0F18316147C050882392BB5032">A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2AC156BBF47913A1721E791BAA82E1F3">Kuwahara, Gregory K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03596CC160FB10D4EA9D26ECE378D395">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="776B09F359B6C3B7766D21B2076B429D">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143952" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202134558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7143952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBDAD59FF2C9660FDD4FACA" box="[151,637,1302,1329]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF2C9660FDD4FACA" blockId="100.[151,637,1302,1365]" box="[151,637,1302,1329]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<heading id="DC0F9D0EFFBDAD59FF2C9660FDD4FACA" bold="true" box="[151,637,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF2C9660FDD4FACA" bold="true" box="[151,637,1302,1329]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBDAD59FF2C9660FE46FACB" ID-CoL="BD3LP" authority="(Richards)" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF2C9660FECBFACA" bold="true" box="[151,354,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Howickia sabina</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEBF4B0BFFBDAD59FE4D9661FDD4FACA" box="[502,637,1303,1329]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBDAD59FF2C964DFEF1FAAE" box="[151,344,1339,1365]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF2C964DFEF1FAAE" blockId="100.[151,637,1302,1365]" box="[151,344,1339,1365]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
(
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FFBDAD59FF24964DFEF9FAAE" box="[159,336,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 28.1–28.6" captionStartId="101.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@101.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 28.1–28.6. Howickia sabina (Richards). 28.1, male habitus, lateral; 28.2, male head, anterolateral; 29.3, right wing; 28.4, male S5–8, ventral; 28.5, male terminalia, lateral; 28.6, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Body and head scale bars indicate 0.5 mm, wing scale bar indicates 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138821/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs. 28.1–28.6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBDAD59FF2C96F6FC54FA6C" box="[151,1021,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF2C96F6FC54FA6C" blockId="100.[151,1021,1407,1431]" box="[151,1021,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFFBDAD59FF2C96F6FC54FA6C" box="[151,1021,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFBDAD59FF2C96F6FDA4FA6C" author="Richards, O. W." box="[151,525,1407,1431]" page="390" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBDAD59FF2C96F6FDA4FA6C" ID-CoL="4B8K3" authority="Richards, 1973: 390" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="390" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,525,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Otwayia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF2C96F6FE9EFA6C" box="[151,311,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Otwayia sabina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBDAD59FE869609FDA4FA6C" author="Richards, O. W." box="[317,525,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards, 1973: 390</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFBDAD59FDAC9609FD4EFA6C" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[535,743,1407,1431]" page="605" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBDAD59FDAC9609FD4EFA6C" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[535,743,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="601 - 607" refId="ref93510" refString="Marshall, S. A. (1989) 96. Family Sphaeroceridae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions. Bishop Museum Press and E. J. Brill, Honolulu, pp. 601 - 607." type="book chapter" year="1989">Marshall, 1989: 605</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFBDAD59FD499609FC50FA6C" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[754,1017,1407,1431]" page="183" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBDAD59FD499609FC50FA6C" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[754,1017,1407,1431]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref94357" refString="Rohacek, J., Marshall, S. A., Norrbom, A. L., Buck, M., Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I. (2001) World Catalog of Sphaeroceridae. Slezske zemske Museum, Opava, 415 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Roháček
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FCEB96F6FC2DFA6C" box="[848,900,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001: 183
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBDAD5BFF2C96B3FCA7FD36" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF2C96B3FB76FA24" blockId="100.[151,1437,1477,2007]" box="[151,1247,1477,1504]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF2C96B3FE80FA24" bold="true" box="[151,297,1477,1503]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FE8B96B3FE69FA24" box="[304,448,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Body length:</emphasis>
<quantity id="40008787FFBDAD59FE7D96B3FDE6FA1B" box="[454,591,1477,1504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 mm</quantity>
, males smaller than females (as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBDAD59FB9E96B3FB7AFA24" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1061,1235,1477,1503]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards, 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF7C969FFE49F920" blockId="100.[151,1437,1477,2007]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF7C969FFEA4F9F8" box="[199,269,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Head:</emphasis>
Orange-brown, lower third of frons orange; ocellar triangle, frontal vitta (narrowly), interfrontal plates and orbital plates with pale yellow microtomentose stripes; lunule with silvery microtrichia; face with two patches of silvery microtomentum; gena yellow-brown with diagonal silvery microtomentose stripe; antenna orange. Frontal width 1.4x interfrontal height. Three pairs of interfrontal bristles, middle pair largest with tips crossing; 1 lateroclinate orbital bristle. Ocelli absent. Gena with strong upcurved bristle and 3–4 finer seta, finely rugose, shiny, lower third microtrichose; vibrissal angle with 1 smaller seta. Face normal; palpus clavate with 1 large apical seta. Eye height 3.2x genal height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF7C9593FE1FF890" blockId="100.[151,1437,1477,2007]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF7C9593FE88F904" box="[199,289,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Thorax:</emphasis>
Dark brown, lateral edges lighter; scutum shiny despite grey microtrichia; katatergite black. One pair of dorsocentral bristles; 6–7 rows of short, relatively stout acrostichal setulae. Prosternum broad, anteriorly truncate. Scutellum shiny but heavily microtrichose, semicircular, its length 0.3x its width; 4 scutellar bristles long, basal pair 1.3x length of apical pair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBDAD59FF7C9400FBE0F82C" blockId="100.[151,1437,1477,2007]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBDAD59FF7C9400FEAFF874" box="[199,262,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Legs:</emphasis>
Yellow-brown, fore and mid tibiae dark brown, hind tibia yellow-brown; tarsi brown, fore tarsi paler. Male mid tibia with a large apicoventral bristle. Basal half of mid tibia with 2 dorsal bristles (1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal), distal half with 2 dorsal bristles (1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3877AEAFFBCAD58FF2394E1FD6FF80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138821/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" startId="101.[152,270,1943,1967]" targetBox="[166,1422,181,1908]" targetPageId="101">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBCAD58FF2394E1FD6FF80C" blockId="101.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBCAD58FF2394E1FED6F854" bold="true" box="[152,383,1943,1967]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">FIGURES 28.1–28.6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBCAD58FE3E94EEFD0DF84B" authority="(Richards)" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[389,676,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBCAD58FE3E94EEFD99F84B" box="[389,560,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Howickia sabina</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
. 28.1, male habitus, lateral; 28.2, male head, anterolateral; 29.3, right wing; 28.4, male S5–8, ventral; 28.5, male terminalia, lateral; 28.6, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Body and head scale bars indicate 0.5 mm, wing scale bar indicates 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C93E1FAA8FF4A" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,1281,151,177]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C93E1FEFCFF4A" box="[199,341,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Wing/halter:</emphasis>
Highly reduced, no identifiable veins, extending to end of scutellum. Halter absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C93CDFB48FD7E" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C93CDFED8FF2E" box="[199,369,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Male abdomen</emphasis>
: Black, shiny, postabdomen paler. T2–5 and S2–4 heavily sclerotized, uniformly long-setose with large posterolateral setae, setae dark brown. S5 broad but short (width 3.0x length), asymmetrical (right side 1.3x longer than left), rather sparsely long-setose, broadly posteromedially desclerotized with many short, stout setae throughout and a posteromedial row of 19–20 stout, flattened teeth. Epandrium large, hemispherical, and sparsely long-setose; cercus slightly protruding, subrectangular with several moderate setae. Hypandrium medially tapered, sinuate; ventral lobe stout, triangular and curved forwards slightly; posterodorsal lobe elongate, originating from the posterior edge of the medial part. Surstylus subrectangular with a lateral patch of long setae, an outer brush of 4–5 enlarged apical setae and an inner pair of stout apical thorn-like setae. Postgonite elongate, gently tapered, and angled forwards about midlength, apical half with several setulae along anterior edge. Phallapodeme elongate, slightly sinuate with a moderate dorsal fin along anterior half; basiphallus elongate, arms tapered and gently curved apically. Distiphallus divided into two distinct sections: basal half with a large, saddle-like dorsal sclerite connected to an elongate, ventral sclerite which broadens and curls upwards apically to fit into distal half; distal half with a small, triangular dorsal sclerite and a large, shoe-like ventral lobe supporting a membranous apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C91F9FCA7FD36" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C91F9FE3BFD52" box="[199,402,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Female abdomen:</emphasis>
Black, sternites shinier than tergites, S6–7 covered in silver-greyish microtrichia (according to Richards). Cercus very small, pale with small setulae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBFAD5BFF7C91A1FE02FC5E" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C91A1FED4FCEE" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C91A1FEDAFD0B" bold="true" box="[199,371,726,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFBFAD5BFECC91A1FED4FCEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718468" collectingDate="1967-01-26" collectionCode="QMBA" collectorName="G. Monteith" country="Australia" location="Grey River" municipality="Otway Ranges" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFBFAD5BFECC91A1FE4DFD0A" box="[375,484,727,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFBFAD5BFE5191A1FD24FD0A" box="[490,653,727,753]" name="Australia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFD2E91A0FD56FD0B" bold="true" box="[661,767,726,752]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFBFAD5BFD2E91A0FD53FD0B" box="[661,762,726,752]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFBFAD5BFCBF91A1FC01FD0A" box="[772,936,727,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otway Ranges</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="82277CB9FFBFAD5BFC0A91A1FB85FD0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12:82277CB9FFBFAD5BFC0A91A1FB85FD0A" box="[945,1068,727,753]" country="Australia" municipality="Otway Ranges" name="Grey River" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Victoria">Grey River</location>
crossing,
<date id="F3460CA2FFBFAD5BFB2291A1FAACFD0A" box="[1177,1285,727,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFBFAD5BFB2291A1FAACFD0A" box="[1177,1285,727,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">26.i.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFBFAD5BFAB491A1FA30FD0A" box="[1295,1433,727,753]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. Monteith</collectorName>
, T.7129 (
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFF4D918DFEA4FCEE" box="[246,269,763,789]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFEA2918DFEDBFCEE" box="[281,370,763,789]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">QMBA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C9069FB10FCA6" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFBFAD5BFF7C9069FC26FCA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718743" collectingDate="1967-01-26" collectionCode="UQIC, BMNH, QMBA" collectorName="G. Monteith &amp; Types" country="Australia" location="Mount Sabine" municipality="Otway Ranges" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFBFAD5BFF7C9069FE91FCC2" box="[199,312,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFBFAD5BFEFA9069FE4DFCC2" box="[321,484,799,825]" name="Australia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFE559068FDF0FCC3" bold="true" box="[494,601,798,824]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFBFAD5BFE559068FDFAFCC3" box="[494,595,798,824]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFBFAD5BFDE49069FCAFFCC2" box="[607,774,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otway Ranges</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="82277CB9FFBFAD5BFCAA9069FC18FCC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12:82277CB9FFBFAD5BFCAA9069FC18FCC2" box="[785,945,799,825]" country="Australia" municipality="Otway Ranges" name="Mount Sabine" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Victoria">Mount Sabine</location>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FFBFAD5BFC079069FB81FCC2" box="[956,1064,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFBFAD5BFC079069FB81FCC2" box="[956,1064,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">26.i.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFBFAD5BFB8F9069FB14FCC2" box="[1076,1213,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. Monteith</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFB779069FB51FCC2" box="[1228,1272,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFABF9069FA87FCC2" box="[1284,1326,799,825]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFA809069FAD6FCC2" box="[1339,1407,799,825]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34515" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34515" name="University of Queensland Insect Collection" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">UQIC</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFF2C9035FF59FCA6" box="[151,240,835,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">BMNH</collectionCode>
); same data as holotype (
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFDB19034FD9FFCA6" box="[522,566,834,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFDF99035FDC5FCA6" box="[578,620,835,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFDC19035FD7AFCA6" box="[634,723,835,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">QMBA</collectionCode>
).
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFBFAD5BFD5E9035FC8EFCA6" box="[741,807,835,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Types</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFCF09035FC26FCA6" box="[843,911,835,861]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34515" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34515" name="University of Queensland Insect Collection" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">UQIC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
now stored at the
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFBE59035FB1FFCA6" box="[1118,1206,835,861]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">QMBA</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C9010FE02FC5E" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C9010FE1AFC7B" bold="true" box="[199,435,870,896]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFBFAD5BFE079011FE0EFC5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718543" collectingDate="1967-01-26" collectionCode="QMBA" collectorName="G. Monteith" country="Australia" location="Grey River" municipality="Otway Ranges" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFBFAD5BFE079011FD84FC7A" box="[444,557,871,897]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFBFAD5BFD839011FD72FC7A" box="[568,731,871,897]" name="Australia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFD5C9010FCFBFC7B" bold="true" box="[743,850,870,896]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFBFAD5BFD5C9010FCE5FC7B" box="[743,844,870,896]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFBFAD5BFCE09011FBADFC7A" box="[859,1028,871,897]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otway Ranges</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="82277CB9FFBFAD5BFBAA9011FB39FC7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFBDAD5BFF2C9660FDB3FB12:82277CB9FFBFAD5BFBAA9011FB39FC7A" box="[1041,1168,871,897]" country="Australia" municipality="Otway Ranges" name="Grey River" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Victoria">Grey River</location>
crossing,
<date id="F3460CA2FFBFAD5BFABC9011FADAFC7A" box="[1287,1395,871,897]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFBFAD5BFABC9011FADAFC7A" box="[1287,1395,871,897]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1967-01-26">26.i.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFBFAD5BFA3A9011FF57FC5E" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. Monteith</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFBFAD5BFEB690FDFE93FC5E" box="[269,314,907,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFBFAD5BFEFD90FDFE36FC5E" box="[326,415,907,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">QMBA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFBFAD5BFF7C90D8FDB3FB12" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="87472A62FFBFAD5BFF7C90D8FDB3FB12" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF7C90D8FEE6FC33" bold="true" box="[199,335,942,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Comments.</emphasis>
Only male specimens were examined during this study, so the redescription of female terminalia is based on
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBFAD5BFF4490A5FE1EFC16" author="Richards, O. W." box="[255,439,979,1005]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards (1973)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBFAD5BFE7B90A5FDDDFC16" author="Richards, O. W." box="[448,628,979,1005]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards (1973)</bibRefCitation>
justified
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFD6790A5FC92FC16" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1973" box="[732,827,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Otwayia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFD6790A5FC92FC16" box="[732,827,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otwayia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate genus by its lack of ocelli, lack of halters, broader wing stub (which he compared to the South American Archiborborine genus
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFBDB9081FACAFBEA" authority="Richards, 1941" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1941" box="[1120,1379,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Penola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFBDB9081FB06FBEA" box="[1120,1199,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Penola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBFAD5BFB0C9081FACAFBEA" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1207,1379,1015,1041]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="323 - 326" refId="ref94081" refString="Richards, O. W. (1941) Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) collected by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934 - 1937. British Graham Land Expedition 1934 - 37, Scientific Reports, 1 (7), 323 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0032247400030850" type="journal article" year="1941">Richards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and broad scutellum (compared to the South American Archiborborine genus
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFC6C976DFAAAFBCE" authority="Richards, 1961" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1961" box="[983,1283,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Frutillaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFC6C976DFBE6FBCE" box="[983,1103,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Frutillaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFBFAD5BFBEC976DFAAAFBCE" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1111,1283,1051,1077]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref94171" refString="Richards, O. W. (1961) Diptera (Sphaeroceridae) from south Chile. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B, 30, 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1961. tb 00163. x" type="journal article" year="1961">Richards, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) because this combination of characters separated it from other brachypterous genera recognized in his 1956 key to flightless genera. He referred to the genitalia as “somewhat like those of
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFCE69715FB97FB86" box="[861,1086,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Leptocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biroina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFCE69715FC66FB87" box="[861,975,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Leptocera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFC649715FB9DFB87" box="[991,1076,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Biroina</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
”, a point that we confirmed by examining Richards’
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFBFAD5BFE3397F1FE43FB5A" box="[392,490,1159,1185]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
dissections of
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFD2F97F1FCABFB5A" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[660,770,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFD2F97F1FCABFB5A" box="[660,770,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">O. sabina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFCAA97F1FC6AFB5A" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1973" box="[785,963,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Otwayia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFCAA97F1FC6AFB5A" box="[785,963,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otwayia sabina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the tripartite hypandrium that defines
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFF2C97DDFEABFB3E" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,258,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFF2C97DDFEABFB3E" box="[151,258,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Howickia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it was recovered deep within
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFD3D97DDFD58FB3E" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[646,753,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFD3D97DDFD58FB3E" box="[646,753,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Howickia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FFBFAD5BFBFD97DDFB0BFB3E" box="[1094,1186,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 2.1" captionStartId="12.[152,270,1226,1250]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,187,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-33@12.[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2.1. Phylogeny of Australian species of Howickia Richards based on the morphological character states in Table 1 and the associated character list, including all characters associated with wing loss. The cladogram was rooted by Paralimosina Papp + Eximilimosina Papp as the outgroup. Solid circles indicate unique synapomorphies, empty circles indicate homoplasies, and crossed circles indicate reversals. Numbers above circles indicate the character number, numbers below the circles indicate multistate character states (unordered). Species names highlighted in blue indicate apterous species and names highlighted in green indicate brachypterous species. Tree branches highlighted in red indicate tentative species placements due to weak morphological support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138652/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 2.2</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFB0D97DDFABCFB3E" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1973" box="[1206,1301,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Otwayia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFB0D97DDFABCFB3E" box="[1206,1301,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Otwayia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFBFAD5BFE1397B9FDBAFB12" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[424,531,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFBFAD5BFE1397B9FDBAFB12" box="[424,531,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Howickia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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