174 lines
20 KiB
XML
174 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="FACD161C6C93745E4CAA9E4805CF867E" ID-CLB-Dataset="34974" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10040" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4a59e0a-cdda-4225-91e0-139a7479a519" ID-PMC="PMC5027770" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-617-47" ID-PubMed="27667954" ID-ZooBank="CCDBFC5FFBFB41C9967EC12024280F24" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-617-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 617" ModsDocTitle="Parvitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) in Central America: Two new termite species and reassignment of Nasutitermesmexicanus" checkinTime="1474013823830" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H." docDate="2016" docId="48732C19B441C831545A363969F91235" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 617: 47-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 617" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10040" docTitle="Parvitermes yucatanus Scheffrahn, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0A5B0FFA-48A8-4DF0-84EA-0051AD9CA0E5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="0F66E60FA66318269A7EFFF7736B1B4E" masterDocTitle="Parvitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) in Central America: Two new termite species and reassignment of Nasutitermesmexicanus" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1732715568744" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6B8A2D419C7066A33809C96F380C0819">Parvitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) in Central America: Two new termite species and reassignment of Nasutitermesmexicanus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A57F6B1983A3B3F7DF4E63719D42C3EE">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B70F93063A5CF83CC97EA7FC9853988A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CE21E4165FEF3F485CC1666B1BCBC82F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="38008B7F49D11E8D9CD42C2CF3FC1EEF">
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<mods:date id="8150573BD37BFAA2C1B449AA4AA775AD">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2C476340B04C1D0989F9D7389BB20532">617</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="989DD3D5A74EAF28243E0514E181CB63">47</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="6C9BA6984137FDFB9D622E4ED325A908">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10040</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="B6F437219E7458050F93DC9A41027342">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="94F33B4164824C70168DE56FC2291D2A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10040</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A70953480DA4918E6027664520C74A1F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-617-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87C1BE4DF2CC403C4FECC5820927B3BE" type="ZooBank">CCDBFC5FFBFB41C9967EC12024280F24</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="48732C19B441C831545A363969F91235" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876200" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A5B0FFA-48A8-4DF0-84EA-0051AD9CA0E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48732C19B441C831545A363969F91235" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" scope_family="Termitidae" scope_infraOrder="Isoptera">
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<subSubSection id="A4C265A5FF3924261E4A78B23A29A92B" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="D37E080B29205D1CAEDD8EF5F7211B84" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Taxon classification Animalia Isoptera Termitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="461B0E55AF4BDC4064B79D471B780BAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA0B02558C4DB8AB9D6E00AB037966B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="69265CC6EAF4EEF6831EBC883E68BF5A" LSID="http://zoobank.org/0A5B0FFA-48A8-4DF0-84EA-0051AD9CA0E5" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Isoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B277CD4FB7DFBFF116EC8E60A0DB14" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0577B4D74BB3F48FF2E668282336A0E9" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph id="4816D8AB196AD0F1489485DAC0CF0FF7" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F6C35078B7FAD033B2B469399D2E0B4" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Mexico, 0.9 km N. gate of Punta Sam, 21.2423, -86.8056, 2 m elev.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4F71FCBD0B8D261DF8B6E8E65F4E68D5" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="D8DEAE0882423582828EFD822AD8D4FF" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="107EBD0B52AF7650B2FE64F961F80E25" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Soldier. 9 Dec 1997, J. Chase, J. Mangold cols., UF col. no. MX161 (in microvial).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DA32DBE100911BC3058B60D15B6A67DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="0F352DCE1F212E04208F5C4CE2FDC596" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AD83DD24199CB78A5A8CAFB66F301F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">GUATEMALA: P. N. Tikal, 17.1371, -89.6803, 30 May 2006, Scheffrahn et al., GUA222; MEXICO: Hwy 307, 1 km S Marine, 20.5803, -87.1424, 8 Dec 1997, J. Chase, J. Mangold, MX148; same data, MX152; Chicana Ecovillage, 18.5178, -89.4846, 21 Jan 2001, MX281; 10.5 km W Coba toward Chemax, 20.5514, -87.8049, 22 Jan 2003, J. Chase, J. Mangold, MX492.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="30D418A2F6EA06A467EDB20976E007EE" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="alate">
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<paragraph id="D3DB9F71DAF2D244DEB9E9655BF565E4" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Alate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE1FC278C228DDE79C91AFE10BB2DE67" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AD43295D48F998890FCF96995A771DC8" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="soldier">
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<paragraph id="378248B34DEEB84F00578EBB33154239" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Soldier.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D9D74C2E622D01FCF66988C459176668" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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(Table 5, Figs 2F, 3E, F). In all respects, similar to
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<taxonomicName id="0BC7492D85CF18EB47A5A0808F6E4117" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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except for the following: In dorsal view nasus conical, about 1.6x its width at base compared to midpoint; in lateral view nasus broadly conical. Mandibles with short, very narrow, points. Antennal with 11-12 articles (1>2<3=4). Hind tibia usually shorter than maximum head width. Pronotum with a few longer setae (0.10 mm) along margin of anterior lobe.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FCBB53C7AE146CD9731C092B50AEB25A" ID-Table-UUID="FCBB53C7AE146CD9731C092B50AEB25A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FCBB53C7AE146CD9731C092B50AEB25A" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="F9F56FA0F29E9B8D9F837F3034064939" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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Table 5. Measurements (mm) of
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<taxonomicName id="703A45317877383E68A9557BBE680869" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. soldiers.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="98DE098B740C17D8FB5F0A49E75BAFD5" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<table id="AE5FDD555FB87AA3EF9AE43968AB4717" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<tr id="6E2FA793E3001A2D48B3059B0D8614B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<th id="4BF4F9B114D366C3CF45A1F70E6FD02C" colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rowspan="1">Colony</th>
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<th id="6C043B3242A826F931B5F0EEEFF7A7A4" colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rowspan="1">Head length to end of nasus</th>
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<th id="4A0A800B0E04448DCECC527CB069F69B" colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rowspan="1">Head width (max.)</th>
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<th id="11F0033FCB969D519E5449F6487AD0A3" colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rowspan="1">Pronotal width</th>
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<th id="C5EC25A085D1236AA856BE4BA037B93D" colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rowspan="1">Hind tibia length</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B2CDDD51C6CBF0903771008D95749B8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="worker">
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<paragraph id="DE2872A281C55AB16B7CFE260FEC4E15" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F9B98745727C2F6C0F59295F28121EE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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(Table 6, Figs 2E, 4C, 5C, 6C). In all respects, similar to
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<taxonomicName id="2B184B3068F742D003068F93D2945663" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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except for the following: Mandibles with about seven ridges on molar plate, mo
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<pageBreakToken id="BCFAF1989BD7196394A6ADE988322226" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" start="start">lar</pageBreakToken>
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plate without dorsal notch; apical and first marginal teeth of similar shape and projection; third marginal smaller, separated from first by slightly concave cutting edge. EVA consists of three irregular rows of about 7-12 long, narrow, subtriangulate, and slightly down-curved spines.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1A9124E6D7429B843714BD4FE9EE688E" ID-Table-UUID="1A9124E6D7429B843714BD4FE9EE688E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A9124E6D7429B843714BD4FE9EE688E" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="84716EE94102D36D56F71A95B3374EB4" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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Table 6. Measurements (mm) of
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<taxonomicName id="8093974AD4FB6FBD7F415AC03DB14524" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. workers.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="54200D6F71A0005169DF814183688EDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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<table id="46AE76DA910C368FBA87A73F0E8B146F" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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<tr id="105321E7382856F3C28EC4BB96AF1D64" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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<th id="B251B776BDE84E1D1EADC7A33BFC164C" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Colony</th>
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<th id="ADE269EEECB1FF25D3B4643AF5034F7C" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Head length to end of postclypeus</th>
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<th id="D94367BBF52D31A566D0C47F97CBC9E7" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Postclypeal length</th>
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<th id="3E4D77ED16EEC6522BA2B806CA4494DE" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Head width</th>
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<th id="0DF4C58B53C2590243723F4C8A61EE40" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Pronotal width</th>
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<th id="AF65692ED4E1C1450884D9D540A20DAC" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rowspan="1">Hind tibia length</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BD3C9D943071A75368DD009BDF963BB" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="F7D92E1D926F3C536150F1D7C61C563A" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Etymology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B8F167D03AECD228A60831B0730C268" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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Named for the Yucatan Peninsula which encompasses Belize, Mexico, and Guatemala; the known range of
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<taxonomicName id="7A373A145A7E564CE7024ECB9FE5CE3D" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 7). This region has a pronounced dry winter season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB9E9F99DB4A6CE07225FC3AB925C104" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph id="435959294694C768E5C6FAB0FC794E8A" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="601D4C2D4FEAC8B2B4D25B28CAFAA19C" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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The soldiers of
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<taxonomicName id="23B07E1493A739236C52AE844A1C75E8" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="AB4B4F128DEFAB80EC4666AF2717854C" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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are very similar with the following exception: the nasus of
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<taxonomicName id="644144D548B0E745FAD0F75265CA7FCD" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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, in lateral view, is more conical and broader at the base than that of
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<taxonomicName id="780D59CFC61352FB8A056875067C7366" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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. The workers of
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<taxonomicName id="8C9CBFBD3D7DDE9B6EF58B96C408FEE3" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5A0F01677A7702AC18E772C8759BD6CB" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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are indistinguishable. The distributions of
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<taxonomicName id="FC846A0433DA3B400118BE08AD30DEA0" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes yucatanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanus">Parvitermes yucatanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DCE38548E64101DC0E01F1A37DDD398C" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mesoamericanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">Parvitermes mesoamericanus</taxonomicName>
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appear to be allopatric (Fig. 7) with the latter species occupying a more arid zone.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BB0CB0AFCBD893A651A48CD94DCF56E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="2D0356D459CAF4CD94CD2875901A6687" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE0F87B786A568B9D753AD87F1498584" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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The Central American
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<taxonomicName id="28E0C99952CABDF96626B7581054334B" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parvitermes</taxonomicName>
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are wood-surface feeders. They typically attack wood in contact with the ground where they encase their surroundings with dark carton material (Fig. 8) reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="101B030D7790F619D1AD6DFCC82BF99A" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amitermes</taxonomicName>
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and build narrow foraging galleries to above-ground feeding sites (
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<bibRefCitation id="1D930F1ED61A97DF38F69C960F3FBD26" author="Light, SF" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" pagination="79 - 164" title="Termites of western Mexico." volume="6" year="1933">Light 1933</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C755C7A614B16520ADD1702D602BD2BB" author="Weesner, FM" editor="Krishna, K" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" pagination="477 - 525" title="Termites of the Nearctic region." volumeTitle="Biology of termites" year="1970">Weesner 1970</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="DD8FE707725CC1C92702712BB33ED130" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes mexicanus" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Parvitermes mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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). Colonies nest in the soil underneath rocks and logs where brood and larvae have been found in weak cells of thin dark carton. In the West Indies,
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<taxonomicName id="BAE238A13471D20B40B39E8955AD9678" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parvitermes</taxonomicName>
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are often col
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<pageBreakToken id="F963D4E0449526391E0AA68FDA3C75FC" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" start="start">lected</pageBreakToken>
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in hollowed-out stems of woody herbaceous plants (
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<taxonomicName id="ED0A239ECC00A5A3014BA4DF608B16DE" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes brooksi" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brooksi">Parvitermes brooksi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="203AA3C29A8191DCF47E10AF7096E87A" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes wolcotti" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">Parvitermes wolcotti</taxonomicName>
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). In the arid lands of the Dominican Republic,
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<taxonomicName id="F869D4A2B83D78A193E1B7541567186B" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvitermes flaveolus" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaveolus">Parvitermes flaveolus</taxonomicName>
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attacks wooden fence posts, and after rains, will feed on dried grass bunches that they cover with a thin arcade of soil.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |